2. Objectives…………
Define Motivation and Motivational Theory
Why do We Need Motivated Students?
How do We Motivate Our Students?
Description of Effective Motivational Theories such as- Abraham
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, ERG Theory of Needs, McClelland's
Three Needs Theory, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Theory X &
Theory Y.
3. What is Motivation and Motivational Theory?
The process by which a person's efforts are energized,
directed and sustained toward attaining a goal.
The term motivation theory is concerned with the processes
that describe why and how human behavior is activated and
directed.
4. Why Do We Need Motivated Students?
• Motivated students will eventually become entrepreneurs or work for an
employer.
• These motivated employees help organizations survive.
• Motivated employees are more productive.
5. How Do We Motivate Our Students?
• Motivation is a force used within the educational system to encourage
student learning and understanding. There are different theories of
motivation in the educational setting, which dictate the student
behavior towards a goal.
• Most effective motivational theories are explained consecutively.
6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-
Actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
Needs
General Examples Educational Examples
Achievement
Status
Friendship
Stability
Food Sleep,
Thirst
Free from danger,
anxiety
Acceptance from parents,
teachers, peers
Confidence in one’s
ability
Creative self
expression
7. Criticism of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Maslow’s concept of the needs hierarchy has a certain intuitive logic
and has been accepted by many managers. But research has revealed
certain shortcomings and defects in the theory.
• Some research has found that five levels of needs are not always
present and that the order of the levels is not always the same as
postulated by Maslow.
• In addition, people from different cultures are likely to have different
need categories and hierarchies.
8. ERG Theory of Motivation
ERG theory
Existence
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Relatedness
Social needs
Social esteem needs
Social safety needs
Growth
Internal self esteem
needs
Self actualization
needs
9. McClelland's Three-Needs Theory of Motivation
Three-
Needs
Theory
Need for
Achievement
Opportunities to
Excel
Independence
over teamwork
Need for Power
Control
(people/situatio
n)
Get things done
through others
Need for
Affiliation
Relationships
Status within
group
10. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factors
Supervision (Democratic)
Company policy (Non-smoking)
Relationship with supervisor
Working condition (Comfortable)
Salary
Relationship with peers
Personal life (Smoothly running)
Relationship with subordinates (Seniors,
juniors)
Status (Membership of a Social
Organization)
Security (Physical and mental)
Motivators
Achievement (scholarships)
Recognition (leadership qualities)
Work itself (Management)
Responsibility (Organizing a project)
Advancement (Moving into a new
field)
Growth (Research)
Extremely Satisfied Neutral Extremely Dissatisfied
11. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
Attitude Dislike work, find it boring, and will avoid it if
they can.
Want to do work, having interest in it, and
under right conditions they enjoy it.
Direction Must be forced or coerced to make the right
effort.
Can exercise self-direction towards a target
that they accept.
Responsibility Avoid responsibility Seek and accept responsibility under the right
conditions.
Motivation Motivated mainly by money and fears about their
job security
Motivated by the desire to realize their own
potential.
Creativity Having little creativity except when it comes to
getting around rules.
Highly creative – but are rarely recognized as
such or given the opportunity to be.
Management
Approach
Carrot and Stick approach which rewards good
performance and punishes poor performance
Collaborative relationship with the students,
allowing them to work on their own initiative,
empowering them to make decisions.
Theory Y
Theory X
Basis of
Comparison
