Polysaccharide and its types with chemical formula By Ghulam Mustafa 13TE89

1. Polysaccharides:
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of
long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic
linkages and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or
oligosaccharides. They range in structure from linear to highly
branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch and
glycogen, and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin.
Given Below are the types of Polysaccharide with
their chemical formula and structure
1) Starch:
Starch or amylum is a polysaccharide, a digestible complex
carbohydrate made of thousands of glucose molecules
Chemical Formula:-
(C; 6H; 10O; 5) n
Structure of Starch:-
2) Dextrin:-
Dextrins, also called starch gum, artificial gum, British gum or
vegetable gum, are partially hydrolyzed starches, which are short-
chain polysaccharides composed of glucose molecules linked by
alpha-(1,4) and alpha-(1,6) glycosidic bonds.

2. Chemical Formula:-
(C6H10O5)n
Structure of Dextrin:-
Structure of a dextrin with α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) glycosidic
bond
3) Glycogen:-
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves
as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. The
polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of
glucose in the body
Chemical Formula:-
C24H42O21

3. Structure of Glycogen:-
4)Polydextrose:-
Polydextrose is a synthetic low-calorie carbohydrate, a
polysaccharide composed of D-glucose (dextrose) and sorbitol,
which are derived from cornstarch, and citric or phosphoric acid.
Polydextrose is a soluble fiber
Chemical Formula:-
C12H22O11
Structure of Polydextrose:-

4. 5) Inulin:-
Inulin is an indigestible carbohydrate, a polysaccharide made of 20
to several thousands fructose molecules with a glucose molecule
on the end. Inulin belongs to fructans. It is a soluble fiber.
Chemical Formula:-
C6nH10n+2O5n+1
Structure of lnulin:-
6) Beta Glucan :-
Beta-glucans are indigestible carbohydrates, polysaccharides composed
of glucose. They are dietary fiber. Two types of beta-glucans are
described below: beta 1,3/1,4 D-glucan (soluble fiber), and beta 1,3/1,6
D-glucan (insoluble fiber).
Chemical Formula:-
C18H30O14X2
Structure of Beta Glucan:-

5. 7) Glucomannanor konjac gum:-
Glucomannan or konjac gum is a viscous soluble fiber extracted
from the root of the konjac plant (Amorphophallus konjac), native
in Asia . It is an indigestible carbohydrate, a polysaccharide made
of glucose and mannose. It can absorb 100 times its weight of
water. Glucomannan is almost completely fermentable by the
normal colonic bacteria , but, according to claims on certain
products, it provides no or only few calories
Structure of Glucomannan or konjac gum :-
8) Chitin and Chitosan:-
Chitin is a non-digestible carbohydrate extracted from the shells
of crabs, lobsters, shrimps, Antarctic krills or other crustaceans. It
is made of acetylated glucosamine molecules linked by beta-1,4
glycosidic bonds
Chitosan is naturally or synthetically produced by deacetylation
of chitin (removing acetyl [COCH3] groups). In the human
intestine, chitin and chitosan act as a viscous insoluble fiber [1].
They are partly degraded by normal colonic bacteria into
glucosamine

6. Chemical Formula:-
Chitin (C8H13O5N)
Structure of Chitin:-
9) Agar or agar-agar:-
Agar or agar-agar is a dry extract of red marine algae (seaweeds),
which contains soluble fiber. It is used as a food additive and
supplement. Agar-agar in Malay means “jelly.”
Chemical Formula:-
C14H24O9
Structure of Ager:-