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2. Objectives
• Explain how passive restraints work
• Give examples of passive and active restraints
• Describe air bag system operation
• Demonstrate knowledge of the operation and
service of security systems

3. Objectives (cont'd.)
• Describe the operation of vehicle comfort
systems and electrical accessories
• Explain the operation of and differences
among various vehicle sound systems
• Troubleshoot problems with electrical
accessories

4. Introduction
• Each year brings more advanced features
– Features found on luxury vehicles years ago are
now commonplace
• Comfort systems
– Added to a new vehicle or are provided as original
equipment

5. Supplemental Restraint Systems
• Seat belts and air bags are examples of
supplemental restraint systems
– Designed to stop the passengers momentum with
as little damage as possible
• Automobile manufacturers realize that safety
ratings are very important
– Intensive crash tests ARE performed
• One in four accidents is a side impact
– Passengers are especially vulnerable

6. Active and Passive Restraints
• Active restraint: activated by the passenger
• Passive restraint: takes place automatically
• Seat belts: often three-point belts
• Air bag: flexible nylon bag that inflates almost
instantaneously
– Driver and passenger side
– Side air bags in seat backs and side curtain
– Knee and rear seat
• Seat belt pretensioners: sometimes used with air
bag systems

8. Active and Passive Restraints (cont'd.)
• Air bag parts
– Air bag module consists of air bag and inflator
– Air bag system also includes sensors, ignition
device, an explosive propellant
• Inside sensors are called safing sensors
• Sophisticated electronic control module
• Squibs used in each air bag ignite the bag
– Smart restraint air bags
• Latest air bag systems
• Multistage ABS can inflate an air bag in stages

11. Active and Passive Restraints (cont'd.)
• Air bag deployment
– Process takes about 0.1 seconds
– Side air bags deploy individually
– Smart air bag system uses various inputs
– OSS determines where passengers are located
– Newer systems consider vehicular forces
– Radar-based systems sense when a vehicle will
not be able to stop in time

12. Restraint System Service
• After an accident
– All passive restraint parts are checked
• Necessary to use manufacturer's service and
diagnostic information
– Air bags are expensive and cannot be reused
– Air bag sensors are sensitive to damage from
mishandling

13. Security, Navigation, and Electrical
Accessories
• Door locks
– Provided since early days
• Newer system features
– Resistance keys
– Keyless entry systems
– Light delay systems
• Electric door locks
– Switch or manual operation
– Solenoid or permanent magnet motor operates the
locks

14. Security Systems
• Types
– Pass key systems
– Electronic valet
– Resistance key
– Transponder keys
– Keyless entry
– Electronic key systems
– Intelligent key systems
– Key fob batter
– Remote engine starting
– Illuminated entry

17. Security Systems (cont’d.)
• Theft-warning systems
– Passive and active
• Transponder passive antitheft systems
– Systems with an encoded transponder ignition key
• Antitheft system electrical operation
– Operate with different permission codes
• Transponder key replacement
– Manufacturers have different processes
• All are expensive

18. Vehicle Tracking/Navigation Systems
• Some newer vehicles are equipped with
navigation systems tracked by the GPS
– Feature road maps and voice prompts
• Night vision
– Infrared technology is used to assist when driving at
night
• Ultrasonic rear parking assist
– Ultrasonic or radar based
• Rear view camera
– Provides backing and parking assistance

19. Other Comfort Systems
• Audio systems
– AM and FM radio
– Components (e.g., antenna, speakers, etc.)
• Amplifying devices
– Crossovers and capacitors
• Satellite radio
– Original or added equipment
• Multiplexer
– Allows additional inputs

20. Other Comfort Systems (cont'd.)
• Active noise cancellation
– Reduces or cancels unwanted sounds
• DVD systems
– Available on many vehicles
• Hands-free cellular phones
– Several technologies
• Rear window defoggers
– Electric grid baked on to the rear window

21. Other Comfort Systems (cont'd.)
• Heated windshield
– Self-defrosting windows
– Heated mirrors
– Intelligent windshield wipers
• Power mirrors
– Common on many cars
• Power seats
– Allow easy adjustment of seat position

22. Other Comfort Systems (cont'd.)
• Memory seats
– Computer remembers seat position
• Adaptive seats
– Use memory seat positions but move the
adjustment to fit the driver as she or he shifts
• Adjustable pedal height
– Raises pedals up
• Heated seats
– Warm cushions

23. Other Comfort Systems (cont'd.)
• Climate-controlled seats
– Thermoelectric device heats and cools the seat
• Power lumbar supports
– Bladder in the lower seat back is inflated or
deflated according to commands
• Power windows
– Open and close by drive motors
– Troubleshooting: try all of the windows

24. Other Comfort Systems (cont'd.)
• Removing a door panel
– Repairing an electric window motor or electric
door lock
• Inner door panel is removed
• Removing a window
– Window is disconnected from window frame and
hardware
• Can fall freely within the window slides
• Suction cups are available

25. Cruise Control
• Most cars are equipped with cruise control
– Driver controls vehicle speed from a switch
• Electronic cruise control
– Analyzes and acts on inputs
• Intelligent cruise control
– Maintains a selected distance from the vehicle
ahead dependent on its speed
• Cruise control service
– Check fuse, linkage, vacuum hoses, sensors, and
brake lights

26. Collision Avoidance Systems
• Use a camera and radar sensors
– Work with other adaptive cruise control sensor
inputs to sense speed and location of other
vehicles

27. Lane Departure Warning System
• Uses a camera that
sees the lines on
the road
– Module flashes a
light and sounds a
chime to alert the
driver