Agriculture History

1. Hussain Raza
Agriculture History
Agricalture alsoknownasfarmingisproductionof food,fiber,animal feed,andothergoodbymeans of
growingharvestingplantsandanimals.Agriculturepracticedthroughoutthe world.We use many
agriculture productseveryday, fromthe clotheswe putoninthe morningtothe sheetwe sleepunder
at night.Whenyouthinkof agriculture,thinkof five F’S;food,fibric,forestry,farming, andflower. The
historyof agriculture beginsinthe Fertile Crescent.
Human inventedagriculture durningthe Neolithicarea,orthe New Stone Age,whichoccurredbetween
7000 and 10000 yearsage.There were eight;emmerwheat,einkornwheat,pea,lentils,bittervetch,
hulledbarley,chickpeasandflax. The Neotilthiceraendedwiththe develpmentof metal tools.
Evidence suggeststhatirrigationfirstappearedEgyptandMesopotamiainthe six B.CVariouspeoples
groupsbegandiggingandrepairing canal networks,whichhelpedregulate the flow of rivers,suchasthe
Neil RiverinEgypt.Floodcausedbythe yearlyinundationof the nile wouldhave haddisastrouseffect
for ancientfarmers.Washingawaydike andswamoing fields.
Conversely,whenthe waterswere lowthe landdriedup,killingcrops.The canal networkseventually
developedintosophisticatedirrigationsystams.The oldestmethod of irrigation.Whichmade use of
man-made undergroundstreamscalled qanats ,isstill beingusedinpartsof the Middle East.
Durning the BronzeAgeand the eras that followed,civilizationall over the wirldgraduallyinventedor
acquiredadvancedmetalworkingtechniques,creatingever-strongerfarmingimplements.Human a
continueddomesticatinganimalsandplanttoserve asfoodsourcesand soursesof otheruseful
products.
Durningthe middle Ages,Europeanfarmersbeganusingcomplex irrigationsystamssuchasdams,
reservoirs,andwater-raisingmachines.Theyalsodevelopedthe three-fieldsystemof croprotationand
the moldboardplow.These inventionsgreatlyincreasedthe efficiencyof agriculture.
Between the 17th century and the19th century Britianexperiencedadramaticincrease inagriculture
productivityknownasthe Braitish AgriculturalRevolution.
This‘’ revolution’’consistedof avarityof improvementstoagricultural metheds,whichtookplace more
or lesssimultaneously.Farmersdevelopednew methodsof croprotation,begaincultivating landthat
had beenmarshyor forested,andplantednewcropssuchas the turnip.
The technologyof agriculture hascontinuedtoevolveoverthe years.Plowsand otherfarming
implementsimproved,andthe mechanical combineharvestsgain_wasinventedinthe 1830s.Inthe
early1900s the horsedrownplowfinallygave waytomachinery.The firsttracterswere stream-powered
enginesdesignedtohaul agricultural equipment,andwere tooexpensive formostfarmerstoafford.
The gasoline poweredtractorwasinventedin1892.
The last centuryhas beenahost of changesin the wayfarmingiscarriedout and inthe wayfarm
produce showsupour tables.In1938, a truckingexecutivecomplaineddurningaroundof golf about
howthe summerheatwas spoilingmuchof foodshippedbyhiscompany.
Meanwhile,the developmentof hybridseed- particularlyhybridcornrevolutionizedagriculture.Hybrids
improve the rusltsof planting,andoftenproduce plantsandfruitsthatare hardierand more uniform.

2. Hussain Raza
Hybride seedscontributedtothe increasedagriculture outputof the secondhalf of the 20th
century.
The change have notall come quietly.Durningthe past10 year,a huge controversyhasragedover the
use of chemical pesticidesandfertilizeronfarms.Growingawarenessof how chemical impactof human
healthandthe environmentalhasledtocallsforincreasedgovernmentregulationof the agricultural
industry.
The historyof agricultural hasplayedahuge rile inhumancivilization.The majorityof the human
populationonce workedinagriculture,andeventoday,few- if anyhumanscouldsurvive withoutit.