Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use
(AMU) initiatives in agricultural food system in Vietnam
Trang Le, Sinh Dang, Son Dang, Tran Minh Phu, Pham Duc Phuc, Hung Nguyen-Viet
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi University of Public Health, National Institute of Veterinary
Research and Can Tho University
One Health AMR research coordination meeting
Hanoi, 7-9 October 2019

Outline
Livestock and aquaculture
situation in Vietnam
AMR and AMU researches
Policy environment

Livestock production in Vietnam (2010-2017)
Annual growth 2010-2017: 5-6% per year
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Y2010 Y2012 Y2013 Y2014 Y2015 Y2016 Y2017
Pork (1000 ton)
Poultry (1000 ton)
Buffalo & cattle (1000 ton)
DLP/ MARD (2018)

Aquaculture production and export of Vietnam
(1998-2018)
Source: D-Fish
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION ('000 TON)
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018
EXPORT VALUE (MIL. USD)

Key areas of AMR/AMU research in Vietnam
1. Understand AMU drivers, AMR and AMU
surveillance
2. AMR transmission animal – human – environment
3. Intervention initiatives

1. Understand AMU drivers, AMR and AMU
surveillance
• 77.4 mg and 286.6 mg of
in-feed antimicrobials
were used to raise 1 kg of
live chicken and pig,
respectively.
• 1023.5 tons: 42.2 and
981.3 tons for
Vietnamese chicken and
pig production per year,
respectively.
Nguyen Van Cuong et al. 2016. EcoHealth
AMU consumption for chicken and pig medicated feeds

AMU in aquaculture

KAP of AMU and AMR control in livestock and
aquaculture production in Vietnam - FAO
The first response of producers (%) when their livestock fall sick.
Pham Duc Phuc et al, 2019
Primary reason for antibiotic use reported by producers

A systems approach to livelihood-sensitive
veterinary AM stewardship in Thai Nguyen
Tarni L. Cooper
Understand of how AM were used in the livelihood strategies of
smallholder farmers and their animal health networks.
Mixed-methods
Revealed complex
livelihoods interacting
with decisions around
AMU
Cross-sectional and
longitudinal surveys
Understand of the
system in which AMS
decisions were made
Identify leverage
points for livelihood-
sensitive intervention
Tarni L. Cooper

Rational use of AM, reduced AMR, safer food
Improve understanding of drug use and strengthen capacity in AMR
/AMU surveillance
Pig health and
health
management
practices
1 Antibiotic
resistance in
pigs and
antibiotic
residues in pork
products
Effective
interventions
for improving
pig health
management
3
Veterinary
drug use
among pig
farmers
2
4
VIDA-PIG 4 work packages
One Heath
Pig farms, feed mills, abattoirs, veterinarians, etc.
Hung Nguyen et al. 2018Health and Antibiotics in Vietnamese Pig Production

Since 2013, monitoring of residues of antibiotics in shrimp
products at 199 main aquaculture areas of 37 provinces
0.38%
1.18%
0.46%
0.30%
0.00%
0.20%
0.40%
0.60%
0.80%
1.00%
1.20%
1.40%
Year 2013 Year 2014 Year 2015 Year 2016
(9/2365)
(25/2104)
(8/1751)
(6/1692)
Monitor AMR, AMU and antimicrobial residues

AMR in Vietnam: moving forward a OH
surveillance system
Marion Bordier et al.

2. AMR transmission animal – human –
environment
Integrated Pig-Fish farm

Defining the burden of antibiotic resistance
in Vietnam across different ecosystems
Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development (IEHSD)

An Ecohealth Approach to Develop a Strategy
for the Prudent Use of AM (APEIR – AMR)
To explore, develop, and assess the effectiveness of
a strategy for the proper use of antimicrobials in
humans and animals to control antimicrobial
resistance

Engaging the food and agriculture sectors in
sub‐Saharan Africa and South and South‐East Asia
in the global efforts to combat antimicrobial
resistance using a One Health approach
(GCP/GLO/710/UK)
2018-2019

Flemming Fund in Vietnam

3. Intervention initiatives
Alternatives to AB: nano-silver in Vinh Phuc

Alternatives to AB: Bio-active plant product for aquaculture
production
3. Intervention initiatives

An intervention controlled trial
(ViParc)
Dong Thap
province
Feb 2020
• Farmer Training
• Farm Health
Plan (level 1)
• Diagnostic
support
• Farmer Training
• Farm Health
Plan (level 2)
• Diagnostic
support
• No intervention
Mar 2018
Oct 2016
Vietnamese Platform for Antimicrobial Reductions in Chicken production
ViParc project

Enabling environment (legal basis)
Regulatory framework
 NAP for AMR (2013 and 2017)
 Livestock Law (2018)
 Law on Veterinary No. 79/2015/QH13 (19 June 2015)
 Decree No 35/2016/ND-CP issued on 15/05/2006 of the
Government which defined detailed implementation for several
articles of Veterinary law;
 Circular No. 10/2016/TT-BNNPTNT (1 June 2016) (Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, issuing the List of
approved and prohibited veterinary drugs in Viet Nam);
 Circular No. 13/2016/TT-BNNPTNT (2 June 2016) (MARD on
Veterinary Drugs Management)
 .....

Conclusions
 Most of the projects focused on AMR and AMU
surveillance including social aspect of AMU
 Limited number of initiatives on solutions and
interventions
 Limited understanding on AMR transmission
dynamics
 NAP for AMR in 2017 and legal enabling
environment is available (drug and vaccine
management) but reinforcement is needed

better lives through livestock
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