power point presentation on oral presentation skills extension education

1. Welcome to the department of agricultural
extension

2. The action of communication in which one speaker is
doing most of the sending and a number of listeners
are doing most of the receiving.
Chaganti koteswarao Venkaih naidu
Sasi tharoor Jayaprakash narayana

3. Presentation skills basically refer to the ability to
communicate in an effective way whether in small or
large groups. The process involves explaining and
showing the content of either a topic to an audience.
To be an effective communicator, one has to keep on
practicing so as to become efficient and effective.
Organizing an effective Presentation involves Five
Steps. Each step is having its own contribution for
making the presentation more attractive. Due care has
to be taken by the presenter in analyzing and
integrating all the steps to become an efficient
presenter.

4. 1) Develop the objectives.
2) Analyze the audience.
3) Develop content.
4) Prepare a presentation outline.
5) Develop visual aids, handouts, and notes.

5. Step 1: Develop the objectives.
In order to effectively present information to a group of
people, the presenter must understand several things
beforehand.
• Purpose of the presentation
•The results of the presentation
When the presenter knows both of purpose and results of
a presentation, he or she has a necessary starting point for
a presentation. The presenter now has the freedom to
begin to craft his or her approach inside the boundaries of
the presentation’s purpose and expected results.

6. Step 2: Analyze the audience.
Since the purpose and desired results of the
presentation are already clear at this point, the next
thing to understand is the audience:
•Who is the primary audience for the presentation? ─
The “primary audience” refers to the majority of
people who will be there. The key point is to have a
rough idea of their knowledge base. Be aware that
sometimes the audience has a few people with greater
expertise than the majority, as well as a few with
much less expertise.

7. What do they know already? ─ Part of preparation
for a presentation is finding how familiar and
experienced the audience is regarding the topic.
What do they need to know? ─ Is the presentation
about new information that impacts them; is it about
defining a problem or making a decision; or
something else?
Why do they need this knowledge?
How can I tailor a presentation to meet the needs of
the audience?

8. Step 3: Develop content.
Once the objectives of the presentation are established
and the background of the audience is understood, the
next task is to decide what information will be
presented.
 What are my main and supporting ideas that will
help the audience understand the topic I am
presenting?
 What are the benefits (to the audience) of the
objectives of the presentation? ─ i.e., what’s in it for
them?

9. How will the audience get something out of the
information presented, the topics discussed, the problems
defined, the decisions made, or the skills taught in the
presentation?
What types of information can I gather to support the
main ideas I will present?
─ Statistics
─ Historical trends
─ Research
─ Pictures (photos, graphics, other visual components
─ Quotes
─ Telling a story from past experience

10. Consider the specific needs you have that, when met,
will emphasize the main and supporting points. This
step is centered on planning how to deliver the
elements of your presentation. In other words, this
purpose of this step is for the presenter to plan his or
her “marching orders” for the presentation – the
sequence of how and when to deliver the content.

11. Step 4: Prepare a presentation outline.
There are three elements that must be coordinated by
the outline:
─ Introduction (a beginning so it opens well)
─ Body (a middle so it moves along well)
─ Conclusion (an end so it finishes well)
Use visual aids of some type. In almost all
circumstances, presentation with visual aids is more
effective than a stand-alone monologue. To enhance
the effectiveness of delivery, decide where and when
to include visuals.

12. ─ Handout
─ Chart pad
─ Erasable board/chalkboard, where available
─ Slideshow
Estimate the time consumption of your speaking
sections combined with the time consumption of the
other activities in the presentation. Each of these
(below) involves audience participation, and each one
consumes more time than a monologue:
─ Question & answer period
─ Small-group discussions

13. HAND OUT SLIDE SHOW

14. Step 5: Develop visual aids, handouts, and notes.
This step is centered on creating the visuals and
handouts that enhance the delivery and effectiveness
of a presentation. This step also includes preparing
your own notes to use when delivering a presentation.
SEVEN FACTORS TO REMEMBER
1. The Start
 Do not apologize
 Be confident
 Know the topic well

15. 2. Audience Mood
Be empathic with your audience’s mood
Watch your audience’s body language; their facial
expressions, glances exchanged, shuffling of feet etc.
Project the right degree of formality
Use good pace and drive Don’t be arrogant - this will
turn your audience against you
Control your enthusiasm

16. 3. Your Voice
Be clearly audible
Use a microphone if necessary
Keep your head up
Open your mouth wider than during normal speech
Speak comparatively slow so the audience can digest
what you are saying
Keep right level of stress, accent, and speed of
speaking
Use a good pitch – the musical tone – vary it. High
notes convey urgency, the low notes convey emphasis

17. 4. Body Language
Positioning of your body – stand in a good posture,
do not pace around too much
Use your hands in proper gestures to support your
points
Good use of eye contact – gains and holds attention
and establishes rapport
Avoid mannerisms that irritate, e.g. swaying side to
side, fiddling with marker, fidgeting with fingers,
swirling to and fro etc.
Avoid hands in pockets

19. 5. Your Visual Aids
When using flip charts or white boards, write from
the side
Write legibly
Stand so that you do not block the view of the
screen
Do not speak to the board or screen

20. 6. Timing
Make sure you end on time
Observe the division of time from the introduction to
body and to the conclusion
7. Conclusion
Finish with equal enthusiasm as was on start
Ask the audience for action
Leave no doubt in your audience’s mind that you have
come to an end of your presentation

21. “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of
preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.”
-Colin L. Powell

24. ORIGIN: Ethiopia Sesamum indicum
DISTRIBUTION:- Major sesame producing countries are India, China,
Myanmar, Sudan, Pakisthan, Mexico, Ethiopia, Srilanka and Burma.
* In India, major sesame cultivating states are Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Maharashtra
* Major exporting countries are Sudan, Nigeria.
•India stands first in both area and production.
VARIETIES:- Popular varieties in Andhra Pradesh à Gauri, Madhavi,YLM-
11, YLM-17, .
Latest Variety in Andhra Pradesh à Chandana (ICS-94)

25. CROP ROTATION:-
Andhra Pradesh à R ice / Groundnut – Sesame
Sesame – Horse gram – Chickpea.
Rice / Potato – Sesame.
Cotton – Sesame – Wheat.
Sesame – Groundnut / Cotton / Maize
CROPPING SYSTEMS:- INTER CROPPING:-
Sesame + Greengram (1:1)
Sesame + Pigeonpea (2:1)
Sesame + Soybean (2:1)
Sesame + Cowpea (8:1)
Sesame + Groundnut (1:1)

26. SOILS:-
Sesame comes up well on soils with slightly acidic (or)
neutral reaction.
It can be grown on well drained soils and performs well
in light loamy soils.
It is highly sensitive to water logging.
Very sandy, saline and alkaline soils are not suitable.

27. CLIMATE:-
Sesame is essentially a tropical crop grown in arid and semi-arid
areas.
*It is generally cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical countries.
* It’s main distribution is between 250 s and 250 N Latitudes
* Its altitude range is normally below 1250 m although some varieties
locally adopted up to 1500 m.
* Generally, it requires fairly hot conditions during growth for optimum
yield.
*Ideal optimum temperature for growth is 25-270 C
*Extremely low temperatures of 100 C, there is a complete ceasing of
growth.
* Temperatures >40 C seriously affect the pollination when there is
less number of capsules.
* Sesame is a short day plant.
* High light intensity increase number of Capsules / plant.

28. SEEDS AND SEEDING:-
SEED RATE:-
Rainfed Irrigated
Under broadcasting (Kg/Ha) 6 5
Row seeding (Kg/Ha) 5 4
Mixed (or) Intercropping à 1 Kg/Ha
SPACING:-
30 X 10 Cm in Andhra Pradesh (all seasons)
45 X 15 Cm is also recommended.
SEED TREATMENT:-
Seed treatment with Thiram (3g/kg) is effective against seed borne
diseases. Seeds may be soaked in 0.025% solution of Agrimycin-
100 for 30min. prior to seeding will minimize bacterial leaf spot.

29. METHODS OF SOWING:-
1. Broad casting is usually most widely used in all situations. Seed is
mixed with sand in equal
quantities (or) 3 times to facilitate uniform distribution of yield.
*After sowing, seed is covered by shallow ploughing and planting by
cultivator and harrowers
2. Line sowing (or) Row seeding is done with seed drills to promote
higher yields.
*Optimum depth of sowing is 2-3 cm.
MANURES $ FERTILIZERS:-
N-P-K REQUIREMENT:-
Rainfed Irrigated
N 40 60
P 60 60 ½ (30-35 DAS)
K 40 40
*Application of sulphur @ 50 Kg/ha increases the yield if soils are
deficient in sulphur.

30. WEED MANAGEMENT:-
Use of Herbicides:-
Herbicides use, especially under rainfed conditions, is very limited due
to low yield, which may not compensate for the cost of herbicides. If
necessary, Alachlor (1.0kg/ha) or Thiobencarb(2.0kg/ha) can be used as
pre emergence spray for effective control of weeds. Use of pre
emergence herbicides followed by one hand weeding around 30 DAS is
the most appropriate way of
weed management in sesame.
IRRIGATION:-
Water requirement is 300-350mm. For rabi crop 5-6 irrigations are
required.
1st irrigation > at sowing
2nd irrigation > 3 WAS
3rd irrigation > 6 WAS
4th irrigation > 8 WAS
5th irrigation > 9 WAS

31. CRITICAL STAGES FOR IRRIGATION:-
For rabi / summer sesame, a presowing irrigation is necessary for
optimum seed germination and adequate stand establishment.
Flower initiation and capsule filling stages are most sensitive to
water deficits.
SCHEDULING IRRIGATION:-
Scheduling irrigations at 50% DASM is adequate. If irrigations are
scheduled based on IW/CPE ratio, a ratio of 0.6 is optimum under
most situations. Depending on soil type, weather
conditions and crop duration, irrigations may be given once in 12 to
15 days. If irrigation water is not a limiting factor, flower initiation,
maximum flowering and capsule filling results in optimum seed yield.
Depending on the duration, sesame water requirement ranges
between 350 and 450mm. The crop is usually irrigated by check
basin method of irrigation.

32. HARVESTING:-
Depending on the variety, sesame crop takes 80-150 days for maturity.
The crop is harvested when the leaves, stems and capsules begin to
turn yellow and the lower leaves start shedding. To prevent shedding of
seed, the crop should not become dead ripe in the field. The ripe plants
are cut at the ground level carried to threshing yard, stacked for a week
in the sun with the cut ends upwards.

33. Thank you
Submitted to :
Dr.S.Neelaveni
Associate professor
Department of Agricultural
extension, Naira
Submitted by :
CH.Eshwar sai prassad
NA-17-014
AB- batch