English , Parts of speach... The Noun

1. The Noun and kinds
of noun
BY
Storm Breakers ( Group 1)
• ehsan ullah ( groupleader )
• Mohib- ur-rehmAN
• MISSAL-E-FATIMA ZAIDI
• AMNA TAHIR
• HIMAYAT ULLAH
• IHSAN ULLAH

2. Noun
“ A noun is a word used as the name of a person , place , thing or
an idea.”
Note:-
The word thing is used to mean anything that we can think of .
Examples of Noun:-
Girl , Amna , Pakistan , river and bravery etc.

3. KINDS OF NOUN
Proper Noun Noun of Gender
Common Noun Plural and singular Noun
Collective noun Noun Cases
Abstract noun Noun phrase
Material noun Noun Clause
Countable/uncountable

4. Proper Noun
PROPER Noun:-
The proper noun is a name given to
particular person , place or thing.
For example ;
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Islamabad
Note;
Proper nouns are always written with
capital latter at the beginning.
Common Noun
“A common noun is a name given to
every person or thing of the same class or
kind.”
Here common means Shared by all.
Examples.
girl , river , man etc.

5. Note:-
Proper nouns are sometimes used as common nouns.
For example
1 :- He was the Lukman ( a wise man ) of his age.
2:- Kalidas is often called the Shakespeare ( The greatest dramatist) of India .
Common noun include what are called collective nouns and abstract noun.

6. Collective Noun
A collective noun is the name of a number or collection of persons or
things taken together and spoken as one whole .
e.g:
crowed , mob and team
A fleet:
A collection of ships or vessels.
An Army:
A collection of soldiers

7. Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is usually the name of quality , action or state considered apart
from the object to which it belongs.
Quality:- Goodness , Kindness , Darkness etc.
Action:- Laughter , movement etc.
State:- The name of arts and science ( e.g. grammar , music , chemistry ) are
also abstract nouns.
Abstract nouns are formed;
(i) From adjectives
as kindness from kind
(ii) From verbs as
obedience from obey.

8. MATERIAL NOUN
Material noun is a substance which we can touch and see and use for
making things.
e.g Wood, book , chair
Countable Noun
Countable nouns are the names of objects which we can count.
e.g. book , pen , apple
Uncountable Noun
Uncountable nouns are the names of things we can not count.
e.g. Milk , Sugar , Water
Note :-
Countable nouns have plural forms while uncountable do not .
For example
we say “ books “ not “ milks”

9. NOUN OF GENDER
Masculine Gender:
The noun that donates a male animal is said to be masculine.
e.g King, Lion , tiger etc.
Feminine Gender:
The noun that donates female animals is said to be feminine.
e.g Girl, Hen , tigress etc.
Common Gender:
A noun that donates either male or female is known as common gender.
e.g Thief, Cousin, Orphan.
Neuter Gender:
A noun that donates a thing that is neither male nor female is known as neuter gender.
e.g Book, Tree etc.

10. The noun of Number
Singular Noun:
The noun that donates only one person or thing is said to be singular noun.
e.g boy, tree etc
Plural Noun:
The noun that donates more than one persons or thins is said to be plural noun.
e.g Trees, Pens etc.
The noun that donates the number of persons , places or things is said to be noun of
number.

11. HOW PLURALS ARE FORMED?
(i):- The plurals of nouns is generally formed by adding “s” to singular.
e.g. Boy Boys and Pen Pens
(ii):- Nouns ending with “s”, “sh”, “ch” or “x” form plural by adding “es” to the singular.
e.g. Dish Dishes and Box Boxes
(iii):- Most nouns ending in “o” form plural by adding “es” to the singular.
e.g. Hero Heroes and Mango Mangoes
(iv):- Some nouns form their plural by adding “en” to the singular.
e.g. Ocean, Children etc.
(v):- A few nouns form their plural by changing inside vowel of the singular.
e.g. Man Men and Mouse Mice
(vi):- Nouns ending in “y” preceded by a constant from their plural by changing “y” into ‘i’
and adding “es”.
e.g. Baby Babies
(vii):- Nouns ending in “y” preceded by a constant from their plural by changing “y” into ‘i’
and adding “es”. For Example Wife into Wives

12. Some Important Points
Some nouns look plural but actually they are singular.
i. Names of subjects:
i.e Mathematics, Physics etc
ii. The word “news”.
Names of some common diseases.
i.e Rickets, mumps.
iii. Names of some games:
i.e Billiards, Draughts.
Certain collective nouns, thoughts singular in form, are used as plurals.
i.e Poultry, cattle etc.
Some nouns are only used in plurals.
i.e Bellows, Scissors.

13. THE NOUN: CASES
Nominative Case:
When a noun or pronoun is used as a subject of adverb it is called as nominative case.
Objective or Accusative Case:
When a noun or pronoun is used as object is called objective case.
A noun which comes after a preposition is called as accusative case.
i.e The book is in the desk.
Desk is accusative governed by preposition “in”.
Possessive Case:
The case in which possession is shown.
i.e This is Ram’s umbrella.

14. FORMATION OF POSSESSIVE CASE:
When noun is singular possessive case is formed by adding ‘s to the noun.
i.e The boy’s book.
NOTE:
(i): The letter “s” is omitted in a few word where too many hissing sounds will come
together. E.g father’s day
(ii): When the nouns is plural , and ends in “s” possessive case is formed by only adding
apostrophe.
i.e Boys’ school, Girls’ school.
(iii): When the noun is plural and does not end in “s” the possessive case is formed by
adding ’s.
i.e Men’s club, Children’s book.
(iv): When the noun or a little consist of several words, the possessive sign is attached
only to the last word.
i.e The king of Bhutan’s Visit.

15. (v): When the nouns are in apposition , the possessive sign is added to latter only.
i.e That is Tagore , the poet’s house.
(vi): When two nouns are closely connected the possessive is put to the latter.
i.e Karim and Salim’s bakery.
(vii):- Each of two or more connected nouns implying separate possession must take
the possessive sign as:
i.e Raja Rao’s and R.K.Narayan’s novels.

16. USE OF POSSESSIVE CASE:
The possessive case is now chiefly used with the names of living things.
i.e The lion’s man.
But possessive is used with the names of personified objects.
i.e Indian’s heroes.
Possessive is used with nouns denoting time , space or weight.
i.e A day’s match.
The following phrases are also in common use.
i. At his finger’s end. Ii) For mercy’s sake
The possessive of a proper name or of a noun denoting in a trade, a profession or
relationship may be used to denote the building or place of business.
i.e She has gone to the baker’s (baker’s shop).
When you are in doubt whether to use a noun is possessive case or with the
preposition of, remember that as a general rule the possessive case is used to denote
ownership. Thus it is better to say ‘The defeat of enemy’ than “the enemy’s defeat”.

17. THE NOUN PHRASE
A noun phrase is a group of words that does the work of a noun.
i.e The boy wants to go home.
“To go home” is noun phrase.
The Noun Clause
noun clause is a group of words which contains a subject and predicate of its own and
does the work of a noun.
i.e I often wonder how you are getting on.
“You are getting on” is a noun clause.