1. 1
OBESITY
Obesity may be defied as a condition in
which there is excessive accumulation of fat
in the body. It usually occurs the intake of
food is more than the physiological need. A
person who posses higher body weight of
20% or more than normal for the height
maybe considered obese.
2. 2
Causes of obesity
• Familial/genetic.
• Age and sex: Prevalence of obesity increases with age
in man and in woman it continues to increase up to
age 60.
• Less physical activity.
• Childhood fatness.
• Social factor: Rich people usually take more food than
the poor.
• Social awareness: Who have knowledge on food and
nutrition eat healthy/balanced diet.
• Physiological: During pregnancy excessive average
weight gain is nearly 12.4 kg.
3. 3
Causes of obesity cont.
• Behavioral factor: Have affinity to take more energy-
dense and fatty food.
• Endocrine gland factor: Fat synthesizing enzymes acts
more due to the action of the endocrine gland.
• Drugs: Oral contraceptive, steroids, anti-depressants.
• Smoking: Body gain 2.5 Kg extra weight.
4. 4
Assessment of obesity
Obesity can be assessed by the following ways:
1. Body Mass Index (BMI).
1. Body weight; (Height-Weight table )
2. Estimation of total body fat: (Total body fat by density
method);
3. Skin-fold thickness: Skin fold thickness in the three
areas a. On the back one inch below the angle of
scapula b. On the chest over the lower rib in the mid-
axillary line c. On the back of the arm over the tricep
muscle.
4.
5. 5
Assessment of obesity by calculating Body Mass
index
• Body Mass index is calculated by dividing the weight (in
Kg) by the square of the height (in meter).
Internationally acceptable classification of BMI is as
follows:
• BMI = 20 to 24.5 is normal.
• BMI = 25 to 29.5 is overweight.
• BMI = Over 30 is obese
• BMI = Over 4o is very obese
6. 6
Complications of obesity
• Physical disability.
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Low life expectancy.
• Heart diseases.
• Stroke.
• Gall stone formation
• High cholesterol level
• High triglyceride
7. 7
MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
• Dietary management.
• Physical exercise.
• Psychological management.
• Medicine
• Surgery.
8. 8
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Obesity may be managed by dietary management by
following ways:
• Less intake of Carbohydrate (Not more than 55% of total
daily diet)
• Less intake of fatty food (less than 20%-30% )
• High quality protein (15%-20%)
• More intake of vegetables and fruits (except banana)
• High fiber diet
• Stop cigarette smoking.
