WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY VITAMIS?, WHO COINED THE TERM? WHO CLASSIFIED VITAMINS? DIFFERNT ALTERNATE TERMS OF VITAMINS. FUNCTION OF VITAMINS, SOURCE OF VITAMINS, DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS

1. DR RAKESH K. GUPTA
Vitamins

2. What do you mean by Vitamins?
 Vitamins are substances that a body needs to grow and
develop normally. These micronutrients are not produced
in our bodies and must be derived from the food.
 Vitamins are earlier supposed to be amines vital for
body and thus were called asVitamine by Casimer
Funk, however, all vitamins are not amines.
 Discovery: first of all by N.I Lunin
 Sir J.C. Drammond called them asVitamin by
dropping the letter “E”.
 Alphabetical nomenclature of vitamins proposed by
Drammond

3. Types of Vitamins:
Vitamins
Fat soluble
Vitamin A: A1
(Retinol) & A2:
(Dehydroretinol)
Vitamin D:
Calciferol/Cholecalcife
rol/Antiricket/Sun
Shine
Vitamin E:
Beauty/Fertilkity/Anti
sterility
Vitamin K:
napthoquinon/blood
clotting/Phytonadione
water soluble
B1: thiamine/anti beri beri
factor/anti neurotic factor
B2:
riboflavin/Ovoflavin/Vi
tamin /yellow
enzymes/Lactoflavin
Vitamin B3
Pantothenic
acid/yeast factor
vitamin B5
(antipellagra factor/
Niacin/Nicotinic acid)
Vitamin B6(
Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B7 (biotin/vit.
H)
Vitamin B12
(cyanocobalamine/cob
amide cyanide):
Folic acid
(Folaccin/PGA-
Pteroglutamic acid):
Vitamin C (Anti
viral/anti cancer/
ascorbic acid/anti
scurvy/anti rabies

4. Fat soluble vitamins:
1.Vitamin A (Retinol/antixerothalmic): discovered by Macollum
while isolated by Holmus.
 Derived from kerotene
 Require for normal vision
 Source: mango, cod liver oil, egg, carrot, guava, Beta-carotene
(from plant sources): Leafy, dark green vegetables; dark orange
fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (carrots, winter
squash, sweet potatoes, pumpkin.
 Provide resistance against normal diseases
 Store in liver
 Vitamin A:
 (a) A1: Retinol for vision
 (b) A2: Dehydroretinol: require for epithelium linning and tears
production

5. Deficiency: vitamin A causes:
 Night blindness/ Nyctolopia/Henrolopia:
deficiency of vit. A1
 Xeropthalamia: vit. A2: cornea get dry and
keratinisation start; tear formation absent;
lead to total blindness
 Keratomalesia: vit. A2; keratinisation follow
by ulcer formation
 Keratinizatioin: takes place in lining of nasal
chamber, trachea and bronchi
 Dermatosis: in this skin become dry like
scales
 Atrophy of the lachrymal glands of the eyes.

6. Vitamin D:
 Vitamin D/ Calciferol (plant
origin)/cholecalciferol(animal origin) /sunshine
vitamin/antiricket vitamin.
 Regulation absorption of calcium and
phosphorous
 Necessary for bone and teeth formation.
 Deficiency: Rickets in children and Osteomalacia
in adults
 Sources: Egg yolks, liver, fatty fish, fortified milk,
fortified margarine. When exposed to sunlight,
the skin can make vitamin D.

7. Vitamin E:
 Beauty vitamin/Fertility vitamin/
Antisterility vitamin/Tocopherol.
 Act as antioxidant, reduce the chances of
prostrate and breast cancer.
 Source: Polyunsaturated plant oils (soybean,
corn, cottonseed, safflower); leafy green
vegetables; wheat germ; whole-grain
products; liver; egg yolks; nuts and seeds.

8. Vitamin K
 Napthoquinon/blood
clotting/Phytonadione):
 Deficiency: Hemorrhagic manifestation, loss
of blood clotting.
 Source: Leafy green vegetables and
vegetables in the cabbage family; milk; also
produced in intestinal tract by bacteria.

9. Water soluble vitamins:
 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine/ anti beri beri factor/anti
neurotic factor):
 Deficiency: dry beri beri results atrophy and paralysis
of limbs while wet beri beri results loss of weight and
reduce in movement.
 Sources: Found in all nutritious foods in moderate
amounts: pork, whole-grain or enriched breads and
cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds

 Vitamin B2( Riboflavin/Ovoflavin /yellow
enzymes/Lactoflavin):
 Forms coenzymes FAD with phosphoric acid
 Deficiency cause cheilosis where lips become red,
swell and crack appears at the angle of mouth
 Sources: cheese, eggs, milk,liver and yeast.

10. Vitamin B3 /Pantothenic acid/yeast
factor)
 Deficiency cause burning feet
syndrome.
 Sources: all food including liver
and kidney
Vitamin B5 (Antipellagra factor/
Niacin/Nicotinic acid):
 Deficiency: Pellagra/ 4D syndrome i.e.
dermatitis (redness of skin), diarrhoea,
dementia and death
 sources: Kidney, liver, milk and yeast

11. Vitamin B6( Pyridoxine)
 Deficiency: Anaemia, nervousness, irritability,
mental disorder and morning disease,
difficulty in walking
 Sources: Meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, fruits
Vitamin B7 (Biotin/Vit. H):
 Deficiency: Muscular pain
 Sources: Widespread in foods; also produced in
intestinal tract by bacteria

12. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamine/cobamide cyanide):
 Deficiency: Perinicious anaemia
 Sources: fish, meat, liver, egg and milk
Folic acid (Folaccin/PGA-Pteroglutamic acid):
 Essential for synthesis of R.B.Cs and DNA.
 Sources: Leafy green vegetables and legumes, seeds,
orange juice, and liver; now added to most refined
grains
 Vitamin C (Anti viral/anti cancer/ ascorbic acid/anti
scurvy/anti rabies):
 Deficiency: Scurvy
 Sources: Tomato, citrus fruits.