Abbreviations, Antibiotics- Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, Amoxycillin + tinidazole, Cephalexin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin , Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline. Metronidazole. Analgesics- Aceclofenac, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen , Ketorolac, Tramadol, Antiviral- Acyclovir, Antifungal- Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Corticosteroids- Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone , Triamcinolone, Betamethasone, Clobetasole , Oral conditions and dosages

1. DRUGS USED IN DENTISTRY
PRESENTED BY:
DR GAYATRI MEHROTRA

2. ANTIBIOTICS ANALGESICS
ANTIFUNGALS ANTIVIRALS
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Drugs in
dentistry

3. SOME ABBREVIATIONS
OD- omnie in die- once a day
BD or BID – bis in die –twice a day
TDS- terdie sumendum- thrice a day
QID- quarter in die - four times a day
Q2H- every two hrs
SOS- si opus sit- if there is need
DT- dispersible tablet
SR- slow releasing or sustained release
HS- hora somni- at bed time

4. ANTIBIOTICS
Amoxycillin
Amoxycillin + clavulanic
acid
Amoxycillin + tinidazole
Cephalexin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Metronidazole

5. ANTIBIOTICS
• PENICILLINS -
AMOXYCILLIN (Generic name) :
Indications –
1) Dentoalveolar abscesses
2) Infection around the wisdom teeth or
3) Infections that develop after surgery as
antibiotic prophylaxis
 Duration of action- 8 hr
 Availability – tablet , capsule , syrup, injection

6. Generic
name
Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin Cap Almox 500 TID
3-5 days
Alkem
Almox DT 250 TID Alkem
Contraindication:
hypersensitivity
to penicillin

7. Generic name Brand name
with dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin Cap Cipmox 500
TID
Cipla
Cap Novamox
250 and Cap
Novamox 500
TID
Cipla
Adverse effects-
maculopapular
rash, diarrhoea,
nausea,
vomiting,itching

8. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin Cap AMX 500 mg TID Ranbaxy
Cap Wymox 250 mg
TID
Wyeth

9. AMOXYCILLIN + CLAVULANIC ACID (Generic
name):
Indications –
1) Dentoalveolar infections those are resistant to
other penicillin
2) Complicated tooth infection
3) Complicated root canal infection
4) Complicated abscesses, especially those
extending into the sinuses, gums and bone
5) Gum infections that haven’t responded to other
drugs
6) Placement of dental implants in the upper sinus
Availability – tablet, suspension

10. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin+
clavulanic acid
Tab Augmentin 1000 TID
(amoxycillin 875 mg+
clavulanic acid 125 mg)
GSK
Tab Clavam 375 TID
(amoxycillin 250 mg+
clavulanic acid 125 mg)
Alkem

11. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin+
clavulanic acid
Polyclav kid tab TID
(amoxycillin 200 mg +
clavulanic acid 28.5
mg)
Macleods
Clavam forte dry
syrup BID
Alkem

12. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin+
clavulanic acid
Moxikind CV 625 TID
(amoxycillin 500 mg +
clavulanic acid 125 mg)
Mankind
Moxaclav 375 TID
(amoxycillin 250 mg +
clavulanic acid 125 mg)
Square

13. AMOXYCILLIN + TINIDAZOLE (generic name) :
Indications –
1) For anaerobic infection
2) For aggressive oral infection
 Availability- tablets
Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Amoxycillin +
tinidazole
Tab Tinimox TID
(amoxycillin 500mg +
tinidazole 300 mg)
DRL

14. • CEPHALOSPORIN-
CEPHALEXIN- 1 generation cephalosporin (generic
name):
Indication –
1) To treat dental infection that are resistant to
penicillin
 Tooth extraction
 Gum surgery
 Orthodontic band (not bracket)placement
 As antibiotic prophylaxis
 Duration of action- 6-12 hr
 Adverse effects- hypersensitivity, abdominal pain,
nausea ,vomiting , diarrhoea
Availability- tablet,
capsule, syrup

15. Generic
name
Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Cephalexin Cap Cephadex 250 BID
(cephalexin 250 mg)
Cipla
Tab Phexin BD 375
(cephalexin 375 mg)
GSK

16. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Cephalexin Cap Ceff 500 mg BID
(cephalexin)
Lupin
Cap Cephalkem 500 mg
BID
Alkem

17. • Macrolides –
AZITHROMYCIN (generic name):
Indications –
1) Allergy to penicillin
2) Used in odontogenic infection
 Duration of action- terminal elimination half
life>40 hr
 Availability – tablet, capsule, syrup
 Adverse effects- nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
epigastric distress, headache, rash
 Contraindication- hepatic impairment

18. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Azithromycin Tab Azipro 250 BID
(azithromycin 250 mg)
Cipla
Tab Azicip 500 OD
(azithromycin 500 mg)
Cipla

19. Generic
name
Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Azithromycin Tab Azithral BID
(azithromycin 250 mg)
Alembic
Tab Zithium OD
(azithromycin 500mg )
Alkem

20. ERYTHROMYCIN (generic name):
Indications –
1) Allergic to penicillin
2) In odontogenic infection
 Duration of action- 6-12 hrs
 Availability- capsule, tablet, syrup
 Adverse effects- nausea, diarrhoea, weakness,
hypertension, reversible hearing loss
 Contraindication- hypersensitivity, liver disease

21. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceutials
Erythromycin Tab Eromycin 500 BD
(erythromycin stearate
500 mg)
Akme
Tab Erythro 250 QID
(erythromycin 250 mg)
Century

22. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Erythromycin Tab Erycin-250
QID
Cipla
Tab Althrocin
500mg BID
Alembic

23. • FLUROQUINOLONE-
CIPROFLOXACIN (generic name):
Indications-
1) Certain dentoalveolar infections
2) Periodontal (gum) diseases
 Duration of action- 8-12 hrs
 Availability- tablets, syrup
 Adverse effects- nausea, vomiting, epigastric
distress, headache, dysphagia, tremor

24. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Ciprofloxacin Tab Ciplox ( ciprofloxacin
500 mg) BID
Cipla
Tab Ciplox TZ BID
(ciprofloxacin 500 mg+
tinidazole 600 mg)
Cipla

25. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Ciprofloxacin Tab Ciprobid 500 BID Zydus
Tab Cifran 500 BID Ranbaxy

26. TETRACYCLINE (generic name):
Indications-
1) Juvenile periodontitis
2) Periodontal abscess
3) Desquammative gingivitis
 Duration of action- upto 12 hrs
 Availability- tablet, capsule, fibres
 Adverse effects-nausea, vomiting,
discoloration of teeth

27. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Tetracycline Cap Hostacycline 500
BD (tetracycline
hydrochloride)
Aventis

28. METRONIDAZOLE (generic name) :
Indications –
1) Anaerobic infection
2) Aggressive periodontitis
3) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
 Availability- tablet ,suspension
 Duration of action- 8 hrs
 Adverse effect- anorexia, nausea, metallic
taste, glossitis
 Contraindication – pregnancy, blood dyscrasias,
chronic alcoholics

29. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Metronidazole Metrogyl suspension
(metronidazole
benzoate oral
suspension)
-
Flagyl 200 mg TID Abbott

30. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Metronidazole Elyzol gel
(metronidazole gel )
Colgate
Metrogyl denta
(metronidazole)
-

31. ORAL CONDITIONS AND DOSAGE
LOCALIZED ODONTOGENIC INFECTION:
Non allergic -penicillin and amoxicillin are the
first line drug of choice
Dosage -500mg t.i.d for 3-5 days depending on
the severity of infection
If the patient does not improve after 3 days
then metronidazole 400mg b.d is given along
with amoxicillin.

32. LUDWIGS ANGINA-
 Intense and prolonged antibiotics therapy-
high dose of penicillin i.m or i.v.
 Combination of gentamicin and cloxacillin
has been proved to be successful
OSTEOMYELITIS -
Emperical therapy-
Regimen 1 –aqueous penicillin 2 millions units i.v
4 hourly+oxacillin 1 gm i.v ,4 hrly.

33. • Regimen 2-if the patient are asymptomatic
after 48-72 hrs ,then penicillinv 500mg,6 hrly
and dicloxacillin 250 mg 4 hrly ,for an
additional of 2-4 weeks.

34. ANUG:
Metronidazole 400 mg TID
Amoxycillin 500 mg TID
3% H2O2 mouthwash 2 hrly for 5-7 days

35. ANALGESICS
Aceclofenac
Diclofenac
Ibuprofen
Ketorolac
Tramadol

36. ANALGESICS
ACECLOFENAC (generic name) :
Indications –Pain
1) Postoperative inflammation
 Duration of action- upto 12 hrs, upto 24 hrs
( SR tablets)
 Availability – tablets
 Adverse effects- gastrointestinal disorders, GI
bleeding
 Contraindication –elderly, allergic to aspirin or
any other NSAID, hepatic or renal impairment

37. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Aceclofenac Tab Aldigesic- SP BID
(Aceclofenac+paracetam
ol+serratiopeptidase)
Alkem
Tab Mahanac P BID
(aceclofenac 100mg +
paracetamol 325 mg)
Zuventus
healthcare ltd

38. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Aceclofenac Tab Hifenac (aceclofenac
100mg) BID
Intas
Tab Movace SP BID
(aceclofenac
+paracetamol+serratiope
ptidase)
Alkem

39. DICLOFENAC (generic name):
Indication-
1) Used in acute dental pain
 Availability – tablet,capsule, injection, vial,
ampoule, gel
 Duration of action- upto 12 hr, upto 24 hrs (SR
tablet)
 Adverse effects- gastrointestinal disorders, GI
bleeding
 Contraindication- peptic ulcer, GI bleeding,
NSAID induced allergic asthma

40. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Diclofenac
sodium
Tab Intagesic SP BID
(diclofenac Na+ paracetamol +
serratiopeptidase)
Intas ltd
Tab Neurogesic BID (
diclofenac Na + paracetamol)
Torque

41. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Diclofenac
sodium
Tab Reactin 50 OD
(diclofenac Na 50 mg)
Cipla
Dynapar AQ
(diclofenac Na inj )
Troikaa

42. Generic name Brand name Pharmaceuticals
Diclofenac
potassium
Tab Cipzen D PLUS
(serratiopeptidase + paracetamol
+ diclofenac potassium)
Cipla
Tab Errofen plus
(serratiopeptidase + diclofenac
potassium)

43. IBUPROFEN (generic name) :
Indications-
1) Used in dentoalveolar pain
 Duration of action- 5-10 hrs
 Availability – tablet, capsule, syrup, suspension,
gel
 Adverse effects- nausea, vomiting, indigestion,
GI intolerance
 Contraindication-peptic ulcer, h/o
hypersensitivity to aspirin

44. Generic name Brand name Pharmaceuticals
Ibuprofen Tab Brufen 400 TID Abbott
Tab Ibuprofen 400 TID Cadila

45. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Ibuprofen Tab Flexib TID (
ibuprofen +
paracetamol )
Alkem
Tab Ibugesic plus TID
(ibuprofen +
paracetamol)
Cipla

46. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Ibuprofen Tab Combiflam TID (
ibuprofen 500 mg+
paracetamol 325 mg)
Sanofi events
Tab Fenceta TID (
Ibuprofen 400
mg+paracetamol 500 mg)
Alkem

47. KETOROLAC (generic name):
Indications-
1) Short term management of acute pain
2) Pain associated with surgical procedure
 Duration of action- 7 hrs
 Availability- tablet, injection
 Adverse effect- vomiting, black stools have
been reported
 Contraindication- peptic ulcers, moderate or
severe renal impairment

48. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Ketorolac Tab Ketorol-DT TID
(ketorolac
tromethamine 10 mg)
DRL

49. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Ketorolac Tab Ketanov TID
(ketorolac 10 mg)
Ranbaxy
Tab Toradol TID -

50. TRAMADOL (generic name):
Indications –
1) Moderate to severe nociceptive pain
 Duration of action- 6 hrs
 Availability- tablets, capsule
 Adverse effects-sedation and mental clouding,
dizzy, nausea, palpitations, xerostomia
 Contraindication- allergy, impaired renal or liver
function, history of siezure disorder

51. Generic name Brand name Pharmaceuticals
Tramadol Tab Calpol ( acetaminophen
+ tramadol hydrochloride)
QID
Cap Contramol QID Albott

52. TOPICAL ANALGESICS :
Brand name Pharmaceutica
ls
Dologel (
lignocaine+
choline
salicylate +
benzalkonium
chloride)
DRL
Mucopain
(benzocaine)
Ipca

53. ANTIVIRAL
ACYCLOVIR (generic name) :
Indications-
1) Herpes labialis
2) Herpes zoster
3) Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
 Availability- tablet, ointment, cream
 Adverse effect- burning, local irritation
 Contraindication- hypersensitivity

54. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Acyclovir Herpex 5% QID for 4
days (acyclovir)
Torrent
Zovirax 5% QID for 4
days (acyclovir)
GSK

55. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Acyclovir Tab Herpex (acyclovir)
400mg QID for 4 days
Torrent
Tab Zovirax (acyclovir
200 mg) QID for 4 days
GSK

56. ORAL LESIONS AND DOSAGE

59. ANTIFUNGAL
Clotrimazole
Nystatin
Fluconazole
Itraconazole

60. ANTIFUNGAL
CLOTRIMAZOLE (generic name)
 Indications
1) Oral candidiasis
 Duration of action- upto 12 hrs
 Adverse effects- local burning, rash,
hypersensitivity
 Availability- tablets, ointment, cream, gel, drops

61. Generic name Brand name with dosage Pharmaceuticals
Clotrimazole Candid mouth paint
(clotrimazole) apply 4-5
times/ day
Glenmark
Candid gel (clotrimazole
gel)
Glenmark

62. NYSTATIN (generic name) :
Indications-
1) Oral cavity candidal infection
 Duration of action- full beneficial effect may not
be felt for 7-14 days
 Adverse effects-rash, diarrhoea, nausea,
vomiting, steven-johnson syndrome
 Availability- tablet
 Oral thrush- the tablets can be sucked or
applied after being powdered and mixed in
glycerine

63. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Nystatin Nystatin oral
suspension
-

64. FLUCONAZOLE( generic name):
Indications –
1) Fungal infections related to oral cavity
2) To treat oral candidiasis or thrush
 Duration of action- upto 24 hrs
 Adverse effects- nausea, vomiting, mild
transient reversible increase in liver function
test
 Availability- capsule, tablet
 Contraindication- hypersensitivity to fluconazole

65. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Fluconazole Tab Fluka -150 OD
(fluconazole 150 mg)
Cipla
Cap Fumycin – 150 OD
(fluconazole 150 mg)
Pfizer

66. ITRACONAZOLE- (generic name ) :
Indication –
1) Oral candidiasis
 Duration of action – 3-4 days
 Availability- capsule
 Adverse effects- GI disturbances, allergic
reactions, peripheral neuropathy
 Contraindication- hepatic disease

67. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Itraconazole Cap Canditral 100
mg (itraconazole)
Glenmark

68. ORAL CONDITIONS AND DOSAGE
ORAL CANDIDIASIS :
TOPICAL APPLICATION -
Nystatin oral suspension 1,00,000 units/ml 4-5
times daily ( swish and swallow)
Cream and ointment apply to affected area
Candid mouth paint 4-5 times/day
SYSTEMIC-
Tab fluconazole OD for 7 days

69. ANGULAR CHEILITIS:
candid mouth paint apply to affected are 4-5
times a day for 7 days.
DENTURE STOMTITIS:
Apply candid B cream on the surface of denture
prior to the placement
Denture should be treated with either 30 min
soak in 0.12% of chlorhexidine or diluted sodium
hypochlorite solution.
Tab fluconazole 150 mg OD- 7 days

70. CORTICOSTEROIDS
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Triamcinolone
Betamethasone
Clobetasole

71. CORTICOSTEROIDS
HYDROCORTISONE (generic name):
Indications-
1) Lichen planus, erythema multiforme,
pemphigus, recurrent aphthae, desquammative
gingivitis, osmf
 Adverse effects- cutaneous atrophy,
susceptibility to infection, delayed healing,
glaucoma
 Contraindication- viral infection HSV I and II,
diabetes mellitus, TB, osteoporosis, pregnancy

72. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Hydrocortisone Tab Cortef 10 mg Pfizer
Wycort ointment (2.5%)
3-4 times a day
Wyeth

73. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Hydrocortisone Locoid ointment
(hydrocortisone 0.15)
2-3 times a day
Astellas
Orabase HCA (0.5%) Colgate

74. PREDNISOLONE (generic name):
Indications –
1) Lichen planus, erythema multiforme,
pemphigus, behcets syndrome, postherpetic
neuralgia
 Adverse effects- hypergylcemia, muscular
weakness, psychosis
 Contraindications- hypersensitivity, viral
infection, diabetes mellitus, TB, peptic ulcer

75. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceutical
Prednisolone Tab Omnacortil Macleods
Tab Melpred Cipla

76. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Prednisolone Tab Deltacortril 5 mg Pfizer
Tab Wysolone Wyeth

78. TRIAMCINOLONE (generic name):
Indications –
1) Lichen planus, erythema multiforme, recurrent
aphthae, desquammative gingivitis, osmf,
contact cheilitis
 Adverse effects- cutaneous atrophy,
susceptibility to infection, delayed healing,
muscular weakness, pyschosis
 Contraindication- viral infection, TB, not to be
given im/iv

79. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Triamcinolone Tab Tricort (2-4 mg/
day)
Cadilla
Tab Ledercort (2-4
mg/day)
Wyeth

80. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Triamcinolone Kenacort 0.1% (3-4
times a day )
Abbott
Kenalog 3-4 times a
day
GSK

81. BETAMETHASONE (generic name):
Indications-
1) Lichen planus, erythema multiforme, recurrent
aphthae, desquammative gingivitis, osmf,
pemphigoid
 Adverse effects- secondary infection, delayed
healing, cutaneous atrophy
 Contraindications- viral infection

82. Generic name Brand name with
dosage
Pharmaceuticals
Betamethasone Tab Betnelan GSK
Tab Betmet Thurs

83. Generic name Brand name Pharmaceutical
Clobetasole Tenovate oinment GSK

84. ORAL CONDITIONS AND DOSAGE

86. RECURRENT APHTHOUS ULCERATION:
Systemic prednisone 1.0mg/kg once a day
Taper the dose after 1-2 weeks
ERYTHEMA MUTIFORME:
Prednisone 60mg/day
Slowly tapered by 10mg/day over 6 weeks

87. LICHEN PLANUS:
0.05% fluocinonide ointment (Lidex , 3 times a
day)
Lidex can also be mixed 1:1 with carboxy methyl
cellulose paste or other adhesive ointment.

88. A gingival tray can also be used to deliver
0.05% clobetasol propionate with 1,00,000
IU/ml of Nystatin in orabase.
Intralesional inj of triamcinolone acetonide
(10-20 mg) or regimen of prednisone daily for
5 days, followed by 10-20 mg daily for an
additional 2 weeks.

89. Oral submucous fibrosis :
Submucosal injections of a combination of
dexamethasone (4mg/ml) and 2 parts of
hyaluronidase (200 usp unit/ml) diluted in 1 ml
of 2% xylocaine by means of a 27 gauge dental
needle, not more than 0.2ml solu/site for a
period of 20 weeks)

90. • Submucosal inj of triamcinolone 10mg/ml
diluted in 1ml of lidocaine 2% to avoid
immediate tissue irritation and to facilitate
proper distribution of drug at the sites ,
biweekly recommended

91. TMD DISORDERS :

92. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS:
Topical corticosteroid ( 0.1% triamcinolone
acetonide)
BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID :
Clobetasol propionate 20-40mg/day
MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID:
Fluocinomide (0.05%) and clobetasol propionate
(0.05%) in an adhesive vehicle- 3 times a day for
upto 6 months

93. SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY
• Predisone remains the corticosteroid drug of
choice for immune based diseases.
• The choice of prednisone regimen is the
clinicians decision to make and should be based
on the specific diagnosis, the intensity of the
disease and the organ systems involved

94. Systemic corticosteroid regimen I
Prednisone (100-120 mg /day by mouth) 2 weeks
dose of 20mg/day
10mg/day for 3 months
5mg/day for 6 months
drug may be discontinued
Taper dose by 20 mg/day
each week
Continue this for 1
month
1)Pemphigus
vulgaris
2)Erosive
lichen planus

95. Systemic corticosteroid regimen II
Prednisone (100-120mg/day)
drug is abruptly dicontinued
For period of 2 weeks
1)Pemphigus vulgaris
2)Erosive lichen planus
3)Stevens –Johnson form of
erythema multiforme

96. Systemic corticosteroid regimen IIIA
prednisone(100-120mg/day)
reduce prednisone by 20 mg/day each week
untill lowest prednisone level is reached
For 2 weeks
1)Resistent pemphigus cases
2)Some cases of systemic lupus
erythematosus or sarcoidosis

97. Systemic corticosteroid regimen IIIB
prednisone(100-120 mg/day )
Reduce by 20 mg/day each week
Untill prednisolone level is reached at which
disease is exacerbated
2 weeks
1)Refractory cases

98. REFERENCES
• Burkets Oral Medicine-11 Edition-by Greenberg
And Glick And Ship
• Oral and Maxillofacial pathology- by Marx and
Stern
• Dental index book
• Antibiotics used in dental practice- A Review
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007
• Oral candidiasis- review - Postgrad Med J 2002
• Useful Medications for Oral Conditions-
american academy of pediatric dentistry

99. • Corticosteroids in dentistry- JIAOMR 2011
• Steroids in Dentistry - A Review Int. J. Pharm. Sci.
Rev. Res., 22(2), Sep – Oct 2013
• Corticosteroids used in Dentistry: An Update
Journal of Dental Sciences and Oral
Rehabilitation, April-June 2014

100. QUESTIONS
• Classification of steroids?
• What is analgesic ceiling effect?
• Difference between diclofenac sodium and
potassium?
• What is pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics?

101. • Role of steroids in diabetes?
• Antiinflammatory action of NSAID?
• Factors modifying drug action?
• Short term and long term side effect of systemic
corticosteroid therapy ?

102. THANK YOU