Dr. Athar Khan Associate Professor Department of Community Medicine Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry Karachi, Pakistan matharm@yahoo.com

1. Slide 1
PRESENTATION OD DATA
Dr. Athar Khan
MBBS, MCPS, DPH, MBA, DCPS-HPE, DCPS-HCSM,
PGD-Statistics, PhD Scholar
Associate Professor
Department of Community Medicine
Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry
Karachi, Pakistan
matharm@yahoo.com
DR ATHAR KHAN - LCMD
‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫بسم‬

2. Slide 2Learning Objectives
• Describe the type of data presentation
• List the advantages of tabular & graphic
presentations
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6. Slide 6Presentation of Data
• Data can be presented in many shapes: tables, charts,
graphs, diagrams, pictures and special curves.
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7. Slide 7
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8. Slide 8Presentation of Data
1.TABULATION:
• Tables are devices that are used to present the data in
simple form and probably the first and most
commonly used method for presenting information,
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9. Slide 9TABULATION
SIMPLE TABLE:
BLOOD GROUPS FREQUENCY
(COUNT)
PERCENTAGE
A 12 12.37
B 56 57.73
O 19 19.58
AB 10 10.32
TOTAL 97 100%
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✓

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13. Slide 13
 Frequency Table
lists data values (either individually or by groups of
intervals), along with their corresponding
frequencies or counts
Frequency Distribution Table
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14. Slide 14
Frequency Distribution Table
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15. Slide 15
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16. Slide 16
Class Interval
Lower Class Limits
Upper Class Limit
Class Width
Class Boundaries
Class Midpoints
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17. Slide 17
Presentation of
Qualitative/Categorical Data
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18. Slide 18
Pie Chart/Circle Graph
A pie chart is a circular chart in which the circle is
divided into sectors. Each sector visually represents
an item in a data set to match the amount of the item
as a percentage or fraction of the total data set. It is
suitable for 4 or 5 categories.
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Pie Chart
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SIMPLE BAR CHART
• A graph consisting of parallel, usually vertical bars or
rectangles with lengths proportional to the frequency
with which specified quantities occur in a set of data
• Suitable for more than 5 categories
• The bars are separated by appropriate spaces
• The height of rectangle represents the frequency or the
magnitude.
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL

26. Slide 26
SIMPLE BAR CHART
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30. Slide 30
MULTIPLE BAR GRAPH
When each category of data is further subdivided into two
or more categories. Multiple bars are used to present the
ordinal data as well.
0
2
4
6
8
0 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -
Age-group
Male
Female
Number of cases
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31. Slide 31COMPOSITE/COMPONENT BAR GRAPH
When there are more than 5 categories on X-axis
and they have further sub-categories
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
0 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -
Age-group
Male FemaleProportional distribution by sex
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32. Slide 32
Presentation of
Quantitative/Numerical Data
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33. Slide 33
Histogram
A bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents
the class interval/boundaries and the vertical scale
represents the frequencies. The area of each block or
rectangle is proportional to the frequency.
Figure 2-1
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35. Slide 35
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36. Slide 36Relative Frequency Histogram
Has the same shape and horizontal scale as a
histogram, but the vertical scale is marked with
relative frequencies.
Figure 2-2
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37. Slide 37Frequency Polygon
Uses line segments connected to points directly
above at the midpoint of the class interval
Figure 2-3
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38. Slide 38
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39. Slide 39Ogive/Cumulative Frequency Polygons
A line graph that depicts cumulative frequencies
Figure 2-4
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40. Slide 40Dot Plot
Consists of a graph in which each data value is
plotted as a point along a scale of values
Figure 2-5
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41. Slide 41Stem-and Leaf Plot
Represents data by separating each value into two
parts: the stem (such as the leftmost digit) and the
leaf (such as the rightmost digit)
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42. Slide 42
Scatter Diagram
Scatter diagram shows the relationship between two
quantitative variables .
A plot of paired ( x, y) data with a horizontal x-axis and a
vertical y-axis
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44. Slide 44
Scatter Diagram
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Y
Dependent
X
Independent

45. Slide 45Line Graph
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
MMR/1000
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Line diagrams are used to show the trend of events with
the passage of time.

46. Slide 46SPOT MAPS
8
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
9
10
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When statistical data refer to geographic or
administrative areas, it is presented either as “Statistical
Maps” or “Dot maps”

47. Slide 47PICTOGRAM
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Pictograms are a popular method of presenting data to
the “man in the street”.
Small pictures or symbols are used to present the data.
Pictograms are a form of bar charts.

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49. Slide 49
SUMMARY
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50. Slide 50
QUALITATIVE
VARIABLE
QUANTITATIVE
VARIABLE
Bar or Pie Chart Histogram, Frequency
Polygon, Ogive
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53. Slide 53
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HEADING
HEADING

54. Slide 54
THANK YOU
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