The document discusses the Green Revolution in India, which took place primarily from 1967 to 1978, and was aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through advanced techniques like high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation. It outlines the history, methods, advantages, limitations, and the need for a second Green Revolution to address current agricultural challenges and enhance export potential. Despite significant increases in food production and improvements in rural livelihoods, the Green Revolution also led to environmental issues, economic disparities, and calls for more sustainable practices.

1. Presented to: Presented by:
Mr. Amitej Singh Rakesh Kumar
(PCTE Faculty) Ramsimranjeet Singh Hans
Ludhiana. Sukhvir Singh Sidhu
Sukhbir Singh Dhindsa
Divya Kalra

2. Contents:
1) Introduction
2) Definition of Green Revolution
3) History of Green Revolution
4) Methods used in Green Revolution
5) Basic Elements in Method of Green Revolution
6) Causes of Green Revolution
7) Effects of Green Revolution
8) Result/ Evaluation of Green Revolution
9) Advantages of Green Revolution
10) Limitations of Green Revolution

3. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan Smt. Indra Gandhi

4. Green Revolution is also known as
Seed-Water-Fertilizers-Pesticides-Technology.
• In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indra Gandhi decided to take
a major step on Agriculture condition.
• Thus "Green Revolution" was applied to the period from 1967
to 1978 basically in parts of Punjab and Haryana.
• At this stage the Green Revolution was concern only with
Wheat & Rice.
• Dr. M S Swaminathan from India led the Green Revolution as
the Project.

5. Definition:
• J. G. Harrar, “The green revolution is the phrase generally
used to describe the Spectacular increase that took place
during 19687-68 and is continuing in the production of food
grains in India”.

7. History of Green Revolution:
• The beginnings of the Green Revolution are often attributed to
Norman Borlaug, an American scientist interested in
agriculture. In the 1940s, he began conducting research in
Mexico and developed new disease resistance high-yield
varieties of wheat.
• Due to the success of the Green Revolution in Mexico, its
technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s.
• The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds after 1965
and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation provided the
increase in production which improved agriculture in India.

8. Methods Used in Green Revolution:
 Double/ Multiple Cropping system
 Seeds with superior genetics
 Proper irrigation system
 High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds
 Use of pesticides and fertilizers
 Use of modern machinery (Tractor, Harvester, Thrasher)
 Expansion of farming areas

9. Basic Elements in Green Revolution:
• Continued expansion of farming areas:
Green Revolution continued with quantitative expansion of
farmlands.
• Double-cropping existing farmland:
Instead of one crop season per year, the decision was made to
have two crop seasons per year.
There had to be two "monsoons" per year. One would be the
natural „monsoon‟ and the other an artificial „monsoon‟.
• Using seeds with superior genetics:
This was the scientific aspect of the Green Revolution to use
High Yielding Variety (HVY) of seeds.

10. Causes of Green Revolution:
 High Yielding Varieties of Seed
 Chemical Fertilizers
 Irrigation
 Multiple Cropping
 Modern Agricultural Machinery
 Credit Facilities
 Agricultural Research
 Plant Protection
 Rural Electrification
 Soil Testing and Soil Conservation

11. Effects of Green Revolution:
 Increase in Production
 Capitalistic Farming
 Effect on Rural Employment
 Reduction in Imports of food grains
 Development of Industries
 Effect on Prices
 Base for Economic Growth
 Effect on consumers
 Effect on Planning
 Increase in Trade
 Change in Thinking of Farmers

12. Result/Evaluation of Green Revolution:
1. Statistical Result:

13. 2. Economic Result:
• The increase in irrigation created need of new dams to harness
monsoon water.
• It boosted industrial growth, created jobs and improved the
quality of life of the people.
• India paid back all loans taken from the World Bank for the
purpose of the Green Revolution.
3. Sociological Results:
• The Green Revolution created plenty of jobs not only for
agricultural workers but also industrial workers by the creation
of lateral facilities such as factories and hydro-electric power
stations help to uplift the social as well as the economic
condition.

14. 4. Other Results:
• India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter
of food. Green Revolution was one factor that made Mrs. Indra
Gandhi (1917-84) and her party, a very powerful political
force in India.
• Poorer farmers cannot achieve yields as high as those with
better access to water, fertilizer and land.
• More people own land, but it is being divided into smaller and
smaller plots. This is because of population growth and land
redistribution schemes.

15. Advantages of Green Revolution:
1. Yields increased three times.
2. Multiple cropping.
3. Other crops grown which varied the diet.
4. Surplus to sell in cities creating a profit improving the
standard of living.
5. Allows purchase of fertilizers, machinery etc.
6. India becomes self sufficient in food grains.

16. Limitations of Green Revolution:
1. The Green Revolution, howsoever impressive, but NOT a
100% success.
2. Only Punjab and Haryana states showed best results of Green
Revolution.
3. The new farming techniques, has given birth to the serious
pollution of drinking water causing cancer and other diseases.
4. A recent Punjabi University study found a high rate of
genetic damage among farmers, which was attributed to
pesticide use.
5. The new organic fertilizer, pesticides and chemicals are
ruining the soil.
6. Lead to unemployment and Rural-Urban Immigration.

18. Need for Second Green Revolution:
 The time is now ripe for Second Green Revolution.
 India has tremendous export potential in agriculture in present
era of globalization.
 In Second Green Revolution emphasis should be laid on:
1. Non food grains
2. Improving global market opportunities
3. Improving rural infrastructure
4. Improving irrigation, rural roads and rural electrification.

19. Conclusion:
• As a technological innovation, the Green Revolution replaced
“one way of life in another in short span of two decades”.
• The lesson learned from this green revolution should enable
policy makers to reduce the adverse effects of the coming
Biorevolution based on genetic engineering.