Electomics effect

1. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page1
sshZypXhntÇjWw
x CeIvt{Smsseän IqSn sshZypXn IS¶v t]mIp¶tXmsSm¸w
AXv cmkamä¯nv hnt[bam¡p¶ {]{InbbmWv
sshZypXhntÈjWw.
x CeIvt{SmsseäpIfn kzX{´ AtbmWpIfpsS Nmew
aptJbmWv sshZypX{]hmlw D-mIp¶Xv.
cmk^e¯nsâ {]tbmK§Ä
x sshZypX te]w , teml nÀ½mWw , BtmssUknwKv , teml
ip²oIcWw
sshZypXte]w
x Hcp NmeIhkvXphnsâ D]cnXe¯n sshZypX hntÇjWw
aptJ asämcp temlw ]qip¶ {]{InbbmWv sshZypXte]w.
x sshZypXte]w sNt¿- NmeIhkvXp ImtYmUmbpw
(−𝑣𝑒 CeIvt{SmUv) ]qip¶ teml¯nsâ XInSv BtmUmbpw
(+𝑣𝑒 CeIvt{SmUv). Cu teml¯nsâ ehW embn
CeIvt{Smsseämbpw D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
sshZypXte]¯nsâ D]tbmK§Ä
x ImWmpÅ `wKn IqSp¶p ; temlmiw XSbp¶p.
sshZypXhntÇjW nbaw
x Hcp CeIvt{SmUn n¶pw kzX{´am¡s¸SpItbm AhnsS
nt£]n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ ]ZmÀ°¯nsâ amkv
CeIvt{Smsseän IqSn IS¯nhnSp¶ sshZypXNmÀPnv
tÀAp]mX¯nembncn¡pw.
x 𝑚 𝛼 𝑄 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = Øncm¦w × 𝑄
Xm]tm]IcWw
x loänwMv tImbn ({][m `mKw)
x nt{Imw sIm-mWv loänwMv tImbn nÀ½n¨nc¡p¶Xv
x nt{Imansâ khntijXIÄ --: DbÀ¶ {ZhWm¦w, DbÀ¶
{]Xntcm[w; Np«p]gp¡mpÅ Ignhv
PqÄ nbaw
x Hcp NmeI¯neqsS sshZypXn {]hln¡p¶Xnsâ ^eambn
D¸mZn¸n¡s¸Sp¶ Xm]¯nsâ Afhv Idânsâ
hÀ¤¯nsâbpw NmeI¯nsâ {]Xntcm[¯nsâbpw Idâv
{]hln¡p¶ kab¯nsâbpw KpW^e¯nv
XpÃyambncn¡pw.
x Xm]w 𝐻 = 𝐼2
𝑅𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝐻 = 𝐼𝑉𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝐻 =
𝑉2 𝑡
𝑅
𝑜𝑟 𝐻 = 𝑃𝑡
x 𝐼 = Idâv, 𝑅 ={]Xntcm[w, 𝑉 =thmÄ«X, 𝑡 = kabw, 𝑃 = ]hÀ

2. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page2
x Xm]¯nsâ bqWnäv= PqÄ
sshZypX ]hÀ
x {]hr¯nbpsS nc¡mWv ]hÀ
x ]hÀ={]hr¯n /kabw
x 𝑃 = 𝐼2
𝑅𝑜𝑟 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 =
𝑉2
𝑅
x bqWnäv=hm«v
A]mbclnX ^yqkv
x {][m `mK§Ä: t]mÀken³ t»m¡v; t]mÀken³ {_nUvPv ;
^yqkv hbÀ
x ^yqkv hbÀ: Sn¶nsâbpw seUnsâbpw k¦cw(khntijX:
Ipdª {ZhWm¦w)
x tjmÀ«v kÀ¡yq«v, HmhÀtemUv F¶nh aqew hcp¶ AanX
sshZypX {]hmls¯ XSªp nÀ¯n D]IcW§sf
kwc£n¡p¶XnpÅ kwhn[mamWv ^yqkv.
^nesaâv em¼v
x ^nesaâv ({][m`mKw)
x SMv̬ sIm-mWv ^nesaâv nÀ½n¨nc¡p¶Xv
x SMvÌWnsâ khntijXIÄ : {ZhWm¦w, {]Xntcm[w F¶nh
IqSpXÂ ; tcnb I¼nbm¡n amämpÅ km[yX ; Np«p]gp¯v
ZoÀLtcw {]Imin¡mpÅ Ignhv).
x {]hÀ¯w: ^nesaâneqsS sshZypXn {]hln¡p¶Xnsâ
^eambn Np«p]gp¯v {]Imin¡p¶p.
x Gähpw DbÀ¶ dknkvänhnän DÅ ip²temlamWv SMv̬.
UnkvNmÀPv em¼pIÄ
x {][m `mK§Ä: c-v CeIvt{SmUv, hmXIw nd¨ ¥mkv Syq_v.
x {]hÀ¯w: AtbmWpIfpw CeIvt{SmWpIfpw AtbmWo
Icn¡s¸Sm¯ IWnIIfpambn Iq«nbnSn¡p¶Xnsâ ^eambn
{]Imiw D-mIp¶p.
x hmXI¯npkcn¨v {]Imi¯nsâ ndw amdp¶p.
x (saÀ¡pdn: shÅ, ntbm¬: Hmd©v, tkmUnbw: aª,
ssl{UP³: oe, ss{SP³: Nph¸v, t¢mdn³: ]¨).
^vfqdskâv em¼pIÄ
x {]hÀ¯w: CeIvt{SmWpIÄ saÀ¡pdn hmXIs¯
AbWoIcn¡p¶Xnsâ ^eambn AÄ{Smhbeäv IncW§Ä
D-mIpIbpw Ahsb ^vfqdskâv ]ZmÀ°w BKncWw sNbvXv
Zriy{]Imiw D-m¡p¶p.
x ta·IÄ: Bbpkv 5 aS§v IqSpXÂ, ng aqeapÅ AkuIcyw
IpdhmWv , DuÀP¯nsâ D]tbmKw Ipdhv, DuÀP jvSw Ipdhv,
anI¨ {]Imiw.

3. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page3
x CFL  CeIvt{SmWnIv skÀ¡o«v AS§nb bqWnäpw saÀ¡pdn
hmXIw nd¨ ^vfqdskâv Syq_pw D-v
x LED em¼pIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Ipdª ]hÀ aXn.
sshZypX Im´nI t{]cWXXzw
x I¼n¨pcpfnsâtbm, Im´¯nsâtbm Bt]£nI New
sIm-v I¼n¨pcpfpambn _Ôs¸« Im´nI^vfIvknÂ
hyXnbmw kw`hn¡p¶p.
x Hcp NmeIhpambn _Ôs¸« Im´nI ^vfIvkv
hyXymks¸Sp¯p¶Xnsâ ^eambn B NmeI¯n Hcp 𝑒𝑚𝑓
t{]cnXamIp¶ {]Xn`mkamWv sshZypX Im´nI t{]cWw.
x sshZypXIm´nIt{]cWw aptJ Dev]mZn¸n¡p¶ emf s
t{]cnX 𝒆𝒎𝒇 F¶p ]dbp¶p.
x sshZypXIm´nIt{]cWw aptJ Dev]mZn¸n¡p¶ Idâns
t{]cnXIdâv F¶p ]dbp¶p.
x Cu XXzw ASnØmam¡n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ D]IcW§fmWv
PtdäÀ (bm{´ntImÀPw→ sshZyptXmÀPam¡p¶p),
ssat{Imt^m¬ (i_vtZmÀPw→ sshZyptXmÀPam¡p¶p).
PtdäÀ c-v hn[w
𝐀𝐂 PtdäÀ
x AtIw XhW Zniamdp¶ sshZypXn D¸mZn¸n¡p¶
PtdäÀ.
{][m `mK§Ä:
x ^oÂUvIm´w: Ptdädn Im´nI^vfIvkv krjvSn¡p¶
Im´amWnXv.
x BÀta¨À: scp ]¨ncp¼p tImdn IhNnXamb NmeII¼n
NpänsbSp¯ {IaoIcWamWv
x Én¸vdnMvkv: BÀta¨À sSÀanepIfpambn hnf¡nt¨À¯
]qÀWhfb§fmWnh.
x {_jv: Én¸vdnMvkpambn kZm kv]Àin¨ncn¡p¶ {IaoIcWw
x {]hÀ¯w: Im´nIaÞe¯n BÀta¨À Xncnbpt¼mÄ
tImbn ^vfIvkns hntOZn¡p¶Xnsâ ^eambn
tImbnepambn _Ôs¸« ^vfIvknv hyXnbmw kw`hn¡p¶p.
BÀta¨dnep-mIp¶ sshZypXn {_jv hgn _mlyskÀ¡o«nte¡v
{]hln¡p¶p.
x BÀta¨dnsâ Hcp ]pÀW{`aW¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä: BZy
AÀ[ {`aW¯n emf ]qPy¯n n¶p-w Xp-S§n ]camh[n

4. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page4
t]mkn-äohv aqey¯nse¯nbn«v (90° tImWfhnÂ) ]n¶oSv {ItaW
Ip-dªv ]qP-y¯nse¯p-¶p-, (180° tImWfhnÂ) c-mw AÀ[
{`aW¯n-Â emf FXn-À Znibn-Â {ItaW sKäohv aqey¯n-
se¯nbn-«v (270° tImWfhn-Â) ]n-¶oSv {ItaW Ip-dªv ho-p-w
]qPy¯n-se¯p¶p- (360° tImWfhn-se¯p-t¼mÄ)
x Hcp NmeIhpambn _Ôs¸« Im´nI ^vfIvknsâ
hyXnbm¯nsâ ^eambn NmeI¯n cq]s¸Sp¶ Zni
amdns¡m-ncn¡p¶ sshZypXnbmWv 𝐴𝐶 .
𝐃𝐂 PtdäÀ
x Htc Znibn {]hln¡p¶ sshZypXn D¸mZn¸n¡p¶ PtdäÀ.
x ^oÂUvIm´w, BÀta¨À, kv¹nävdnMvkv Iayqt«äÀ F¶nhbmWv
`mK§Ä.
x {]hÀ¯w: Im´nIaÞe¯n BÀta¨À Xncnbpt¼mÄ
tImbn ^vfIvkns hntOZn¡p¶Xnsâ ^eambn
tImbnepambn _Ôs¸« ^vfIvknv hyXnbmw kw`hn¡p¶p.
BZy AÀ[{`a-W-¯n ^vfIvkv tOZn-¡-s¸-Sp¶Xv Hcp Zni-
bnepw ASp¯ AÀ[ {`a-W-¯n FXnÀZnibnepambn-cn¡pw.
AXp-sIm-v BÀta¨dnse sshZypX {]hml Zni- am-dp-¶p. Cu
amäw kw`-hn-¡p¶-tXm-sSm¸w kv]vfnäv dnMp-I-fpw {_jp-Ifpw X½n-
ep-Å _Ôw amdnhcp-¶-XpsIm-v _mlyskÀ¡o-«n sshZyp-Xn-
bpsS Zni-am-dp-¶nÃ.
𝐀𝐂 Ptdädpw DC Ptdädpw X½nepÅ LSbnse
kmayXIfpw hyXymk§fpw
x ^oÂUv Im´w, BÀta¨À, {_jp-IÄ F¶nh AC P-tdädnep-w DC
P-tdädnepw s]mXp-hmbn DÅ `mK§fm-Wv.
x AC P-tdädn BÀta¨dnsâ A{K§sf Én¸vdnM-pItfmSmWv
LSn¸n¨ncn¡p-¶Xv.
x F¶m DC P-tdädn BÀta¨dnsâ A{K§Ä LSn¸n¨ncn¡p-
¶Xv kv¹nävdnM-p-ItfmSmWv.
Nen¡pwNpcpÄ ssat{Imt^m¬
x Nen¡pw NpcpÄ ssat{Imt^mWn iàntbdnb Hcp
Im´¯nsâ {[ph§Ä¡nSbn kzX{´ambn Nen¡m³
IgnhpÅ thmbvkv tImbn {IaoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ub{^¯nv
ap¶n i_vZap-m¡pt¼mÄ Ub{^t¯mSv LSn¸n¨ thmbvkv
tImbn I¼w sN¿p¶p. Im´nIaÞe¯n thmbvkv
tImbn I¼w sN¿p¶Xnsâ ^eambn thmbvkv tImbnenÂ
t{]cnX sshZypXn D-mIp¶p. Ub{^¯nv ap¶n D-m¡p¶
i_vZ¯nv ApkrXamb sshZypXkná BWv ChnsS
e`n¡p¶Xv.

5. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page5
x Ub{^¯nsâ ap¶n D-m¡p¶ i_vZ¯nsâ D¨X
hÀ[n¸n¨m tImbnen cq]s¸Sp¶ t{]cnX
sshZypXknáensâ BbXn hÀ[n¡pw.
x Nen¡pwNpcpÄ ssat{Imt^mWn S¡p¶ DuÀP ]cnhÀ¯w
bm{´ntImÀPw sshZyptXmÀPambn amdp¶p.
ayq¨z C³U£³
x ss{]adn tImbnens Hcp tSmÀ¨v skÃpambn _Ôn¸n¨v
sshZypXn {]hln¸n¡pt¼mÄ tImbnenv Npäpw Hcp Im´nI
aWvUew D-mIpw. F¶m Cu Im´nI ^vfIvknv hyXnbmw
kw`hn¡m¯XnmÂ
x c-mas¯ tImbnen emf t{]cnXamhp¶nÃ. F¶m kzn¨v
Hm¬ sN¿pt¼mgpw kzn¨v Hm^v sN¿pt¼mgpw sk¡âdn
tImbnen ^vfIvkv hyXnbmhpw XÂ^eambn emf
t{]cnXam¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
x ss{]adn tImbnenÂIqSn IS¯nhnSp¶ AC bpsS Zni {Iaamb
CSthfIfn amdns¡m-ncn¡pw. sk¡³Udn tImbn ØnXn
sN¿p¶Xv Øncambn Zni amdns¡m-ncn¡p¶ Cu Im´nI
aWvUe¯nembXnm Im´nI ^vfIvknsâ hyXnbmw
sk¡³Udnbn Hcp t{]cnX emf XpSÀ¨bmbn
kwPmXamIp¶Xnv ImcWamIp¶p. AXnm _Ä_v
XpSÀ¨bmbn I¯p¶p.
x ss{]adn NpäpIfpsS F®t¯¡mÄ IpSpXemWv
sk¡³Udnbnse NpäpIfpsS F®w F¦n AXn t{]cWw
sN¿s¸Sp¶ emf IqSp¶p.
x ss{]adn NpäpIfpsS F®t¯¡mÄ IpdhmWv
sk¡³Udnbnse NpäpIfpsS F®w F¦n AXn t{]cWw
sN¿s¸Sp¶ emf Ipdbp¶p.
x kao]اfmbn ØnXnsN¿p¶ c-v I¼n¨pcpfpIfn H¶nse
sshZypX{]hmlXo{hXbn amäap-mIpt¼mÄ AXnv
NpäpapÅ Im´nIaÞe¯n hyXnbmap-mIpIbpw
CXnsâ ^eambn c-mas¯ I¼n¨pän Hcp emf
t{]cnXamhpIbpw sN¿p¶ {]{Inbsb ayq¨z C³U£³
(mutual induction) F¶p ]dbp¶p.
{Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ
x ayq¨z C³U£³ XXzw {]tbmPs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶
D]IcWamWv {Sm³kvt^maÀ.
{Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ 2 hn[w
x s̸v A¸v {Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ
x s̸v Uu¬ {Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ

6. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page6
s̸v A¸v {Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ s̸v Uu¬ {Sm³kvt^mÀaÀ
x ACthmÄ«X DbÀ¯p¶p.
x ss{]adnbn I«n IqSnb
Ipdª NpäpIÄ
x sk¡âdnbn I«n Ipdª
IqSpXÂ NpäpIÄ
x ss{]adnbn Idâv IqSpXÂ
sk¡âdnbn Ipdhv
x ACthmÄ«X Xmgv¯p¶p.
x ss{]adnbn I«n Ipdª
IqSpXÂ NpäpIÄ
x sk¡âdnbn I«n IqSnb
Ipdª NpäpIÄ
x ss{]adnbn Idâv Ipdhv
sk¡âdnbn IqSpXÂ
skÂ^v C³U£³
x Hcp NmeI¯ntem Npcpfntem _m¡v emf t{]cnXamIp¶
{]Xn`mkw
x _m¡v emf t{]cnXamIp¶Xv aqew NmeI¯neqsStbm
NpcpfneqsStbm {]hln¡p¶ k^e thmÄ«X Ipdbp¶p.
C³UIvSÀ
x Xm]jvSanÃmsX sshZypX{]hml¯nse amä§sf
FXnÀ¡p¶ tImbnepIÄ.
^vsfan§nsâ CSXpssI nbaw
x CSXp ssIbnse XÅhnc Nq-v hncÂ, Sphnc F¶nh
Hmtcm¶pw ]ckv]cw ew_ambn hc¯¡hnXw nhÀ¯pI.
Nq-v hnc Im´nIaÞe¯nsâ Znisbbpw SphncÂ
sshZypX {]hml Znisbbpw krNn¸n¡pIbmsW¦nÂ
XÅhnc NmeI¯n _ew Ap`hs¸Sp¶ Znisbbpw
Ipdn¡p¶p. CXmWv ^vsfan§nsâ CSXp ssI nbaw.
tamt«mÀ XXzw
x Im´nIaWvUe¯n ØnXnsN¿p¶ NmeI¯neqsS sshZypXn
IS¯nhn«m NmeI¯n Hcp _ew Ap`hs¸Sp¶p.
x Cu XXzw ASnØmam¡n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ D]IcW§fmWv
sshZypX tamt«mÀ (sshZyptXmÀPw → bm{´ntImÀPam¡p¶p),
euUv kv]o¡À(sshZyptXmÀPw →i_vtZmÀPam¡p¶p)
sshZypXtamt«mÀ
x sshZypXtamt«mdn Hcp ^oÂUv Im´hpw kz´w A£¯nÂ
kzX{´ambn Id§m³ Ignbp¶ Hcp BÀta¨dpw D-v. ^oÂUv
Im´w D-m¡q¶ Im´nIt£{X¯nemWv BÀta¨À
Id§p¶Xv. BÀta¨dneqsS sshZypXn {]hln¡pt¼mÄ AXv
^vsfan§nsâ CSXpssI nba¯nsâ ASnÝm¯nÂ
Nen¡p¶p. tamt«mdnsâ {]tXyI cp]Iev] ImcWw Cu New
{`aWambn amdp¶p.
Nen¡pw NpcpÄ euUvkv]o¡À
x Hcp ØncIm´¯sâ hn]coX {[ph§Ä¡nSbnÂ
ØnXnsN¿p¶ Hcp thmbvkv tImbnemWv euUvkv]o¡dnsâ

7. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page7
{][m`mKw. Cu tImbnepambn Hcp t]¸À tImWpw (Ub{^w)
_Ôn¸n¨n«p-v.
x ssat{Imt^mWn n¶p hcp¶ sshZypXknáepIsf
iàns¸Sp¯n euUvkv]o¡dnsâ thmbvkv tImbneneqsS
IS¯nhn«m sshZypX{]hmlXo{hXbqsS hyXymkapkcn¨v
^vsfan§nsâ CSXpssI nba¯nsâ ASnØm¯nÂ
tImbn I¼w sN¿pw. Cu I¼w thmbvkv tImbnepambn
_Ôn¸n¨ Ub{^s¯ I¼w sN¿n¡p¶p. At¸mÄ
Ub{^¯nv NpäpapÅ hmbp I¼w sN¿pw. CXnsâ ^eambn
BZyi_vZw IpSpX D¨Xbn tIÄ¡p¶p
x Fä¡pd¨nenÃm¯ sshZypXnbmWv thmbvkv tImbnenÂ
F¯p¶sX¦n ^vfIvkv hyXnbmw D-mIp¶nÃ. AXnmÂ
thmbvkv tImbnen I¼w D-mIp¶nÃ.
x Nen¡pw NpcpÄ euUv kv]o¡dn sshZyptXmÀPw
i_vtZmÀPambn amdp¶p.
]hÀ tÌj³
x sshZypX D¸mZ tI{µ§Ä. {][mambpw aq¶v hn[w
sslt{Um CeIv{SnIv ]hÀtÌj³ ( PesshZypX nebw)
x Dbc¯n sI«nnÀ¯nb Pew IpgepIfneqsStbm
Xpc¦§fnepsStbm Hgp¡ns¡m-ph¶v Ptdädnsâ
SÀss_³ Id¡n sshZypXn Dev¸mZn¸n¡p¶ ]hÀ tÌjpI
fmWv sslt{Um CeIv{SnIv ]hÀtÌjpIÄ.
x bm{´ntImÀPw →sshZyptXmÀPamIp¶p.
x DZm: aqeaäw, ]ÅnhmkÂ, IpäymSn, i_cnKncn
sXÀa ]hÀtÌj³ (Xm] sshZypX nebw)
x I¡cn, m^vX, enssáäv F¶o C豈 Pzen¸n¨v In«p¶
Xmt]mÀPw D]tbmKn¨v Pew DbÀ¶ aÀ±¯nepÅ
ocmhnbm¡p¶p. Cu ocmhn D]tbmKn¨v SÀss_³ Id¡n
sshZypXn Dev¸mZn¸n¡p¶ ]hÀ tÌjpIfmWv sXÀaÂ
]hÀtÌjpIÄ.
x cmtkmÀPw→ Xmt]mÀPw→ bm{´ntImÀPw sshZyptXmÀPw
x DZm: sbvthen, ImbwIpfw, cmaKp-w, {_Ò]pcw.
yq¢nbÀ]hÀtÌj³ (BWh sshZypX nebw)
x AWpiàn D]tbmKn¨v In«p¶ Xmt]mÀPw D]tbmKn¨v Pew
DbÀ¶ aÀ±¯nepÅ ocmhnbm¡p¶p. Cu ocmhn D]tbmKn¨v
SÀss_³ Id¡n sshZypXn Dev¸mZn¸n¡p¶ ]hÀ
tÌjpIfmWv yq¢nbÀ ]hÀtÌjpIÄ.
x BWthmÀPw→Xmt]mÀPw→bm{´ntImÀPw→sshZyptXmÀPw

8. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page8
x DZm: Xmcm¸qÀ, IÂ]m¡w, tIm«, tdmd.
]hÀ PtdäÀ
x {]mambpw aq¶v `mK§Ä
x tdm«À: Id§p¶ `mKw(^oÂUpIm´w)
x tÌäÀ: nivNeamb `mKw(BÀta¨À)
x FIvsskäÀ(klmbI PtdäÀ) : ^oÂUpIm´w Xncnbp¶Xn
mhiyamb DC ÂIp¶p.
x Ptdädn ^oÂUvIm´w ØncIm´ambm D-mIp¶
{]iv§Ä:
x iàamb Im´w D-m¡phmpÅ ]cnanXn.
x Im´nItijn IptdsÈbmbn jvSs¸Spt¼mÄ Htc coXnbnÂ
^vfIvkv nenÀ¯m³ Ignbp¶nÃ
x ^oÂUvIm´¯nsâ iàn Iq«mtm Ipdbv¡mtm IgnbnÃ.
x ]hÀ PtdädpIfn D]tbmKn¡p¶ BÀta¨dnsâ `mcw
IqSpXembncn¡pw. AXpsIm-v BÀta¨À tÌädmbn
D]tbmKn¡p¶p. X³aqew {Kmss^äv {_jv Hgnhm¡mpw
AhnsSbp-mIp¶ kv]mÀ¡v CÃmXm¡mpw km[n¡p¶p.
𝑨𝑪 PtdädpIÄ 2 hn[w
1. knwKnÄ t^kv PtdäÀ
x khntijXIÄ: Hcp ^oÂUv Im´w+Hcp BÀta¨À tImbnÂ;
Hcp kabw Hcp AC ; hoSpIfnepw ISIfnepw D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
2. {Xot^kv PtdäÀ
x khntijXIÄ : Hcp ^oÂUv Im´w+aq¶v BÀta¨À; Htc
kabw aq¶v hyXykvX AC ; ]hÀ tÌjn D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
x BÀta¨À tImbnense I¼nNpäpIfpsS F®w XpÃyw
x BÀta¨À tImbnepIÄ X½n 1200
tImWnÂ
{IaoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p.
x {Xo t^kv Ptdqdn n¶v ]pdt¯¡v hcp¶ ap¶v t^kv
ssepIfntemtcm¶nsâbpw Hmtcm A{K§Ä {Iaambn
Ip«ntbmPn¸n¨ncn¡p¶ _nµphmWv yp{SÂ. AhnsS sXmSp¶
BÄ¡v tjm¡v F¡p¶nÃ. ImcWw. Cu _nµphpw `qanbpw
X½nepff s]m«³jy hyXymkw ]qPyw BWv.
]hÀ t{]jWhpw hnXcWhpw)
x D¸mZn¸n¡p¶ Øe¯v n¶v D]tbmKn¡p¶ Øet¯¡v
sshZypXn F¯n¡p¶ {]{Inb.
x ½psS cmPy¯v sshZypXn Dev¸mZn¸n¡p¶Xv 11 IntemthmÄ«n
(kV) emWv.
x ]hÀ tÌjtmSp tNÀ¶pÅ k_v tÌjn s̸v A¸v
{Sm³kvt^maÀ D]tbmKn¡p¶p.

9. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page9
x hnXcW irwKebn asäÃmbnS¯pw s̸vUu¬ {Sm³kvt^maÀ
D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
{]kcWjvSw(]hÀ t{]jW¯nse {]iv§Ä)
x thmÄt«Pv XmgvN, DuÀPjvSw
]cnlmc amÀK§Ä
x kvs丸v D]tbmKn¨v thmÄt«Pv DbÀ¯n hnXcWw sNbvXv
thmÄt«Pv XmgvN ]cnlcn¡mw.(ImcWw:]hÀ hyXymks¸SmsX I
Ipdbv¡Wsa¦n DbÀ¶ thmÄ«Xbn sshZypXn t{]jWw
sN¿Ww)
x DuÀPjvSw ]cnlcn¡m³ {]Xntcm[w Ipdª I«nbpÅ I¼n
D]tbmKn¡pI.
x sshZypX {]hmlXo{hX Ipd¡pI. (ImcWw: Hcp NmeI¯nÂ
DÂ]mZn¸n¡¸Sp¶ Xm]w AXnse sshZypX {]hml
Xo{hXbpsS hÀK¯nv tÀ Ap]mX¯nembncn¡pw (H ∝ I2
)
ÌmÀ IW£³
x hnXcW {Sm³kvt^mÀadn n¶pw hoSpIfnte¡v sshZypXn
F¯n¡p¶ kwhn[mw.
x 4 hbÀ (3 t^kv + 1 yq{SÂ).
x 3 t^kpw IqSn tNcp¶ _nµphmWv yq{SÂ.
x c-v t^kpIÄ X½nepÅ s]m«³jy hyXymkw 400V.
x Hcp t^kpw Hcp yq{Sepw X½nepÅ s]m«³jy hyXymkw 230V.
x yq{Sepw `qanbpw X½nepÅ s]m«³jy hyXymkw 0V.
x t^kpw `qanbpw X½n 230V yq{Sense s]m«³jy 0V
KrlsshZypXoIcWw
x ½psS hoSpIfn km[mcWbmbn D]tbmKn¡p¶
sshZyptXm]IcW§Ä FÃmw 230V thmÄ«nemWv
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv F¶m Chbvs¡Ãmw Bhiyamb Idâv
Hcpt]msebÃ.
x kam´cambn LSn¸n¨ skÀ¡o«nse _Ä_pIÄ IpSpXÂ
Xo{hXtbmsS {]Imin¡p¶p.
x kam´c skÀ¡o«n Hcp kzn¨v Hm^m¡nbmepw
AXntmSp_Ôn¨pÅ _Ä_v HgnsI _m¡n _Ä_pIÄ
{]Imin¡pw. F¶m t{iWn skÀ¡o«n Hcp kzn¨v
Hm^m¡nbm FÃm _Ä_pIfpsSbpw {]Imiw nebv¡pw.
kam´c coXnbn D]IcW§Ä LSn¸n¡p¶Xnsâ t«§Ä
x kam´c skÀ¡o«n Hcp D]IcW¯nsâ {]hÀ¯w
ne¨mepw aäpÅh km[mcW coXnbn {]hÀ¯n¡pw.
x Hmtcm D]IcW¯npw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
nb{´Wkwhn[mw FÀs¸Sp¯m³ km[n¡p¶p.

10. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page10
x FÃm D]IcW§Ä¡pw IpdptI Htc thmÄ«XbpÅ Idâv
e`yam¡phm³ km[n¡p¶p.
x D]IcW§Ä skÀ¡o«n kam´cambn LSn¸n¡pt¼mÄ
skÀ¡o«nse k^e {]Xntcm[w IpdbpIbpw sshZypX {]hml
Xo{hX IqSpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
x hm«v HuhÀ aoäÀ, sabn³ ^yqkv, sabn³ kzn¨v, ^yqkpIÄ,
kzn¨pIÄ, D]IcW§Ä F¶ {Ia¯n kam´cambmWv
KrlsshZypXoIcWw St¯Xv.
x ^yqkv t^knemWv LSn¸nt¡Xv.
x kzn¨pIÄ t^knemWv LSn¸nt¡Xv.
x Bhiyambn hcpt¼msgÃmw FÃm skÀ¡o«nsebpw
sshZypXn{]hmlw hntOZn¡pIbmWv sabn³ kzn¨nsâ [À½w.
x D]IcW§sf kzn¨v hgn yq{Sente¡v kam´cambn LSn¸n¡Ww.
{Xo]n³¹Kpw Sq]n³ ¹Kpw
x {Xo]n³¹Kn E (FÀ¯v ]n³) F¶ ]n³ FÀ¯v
ssepambn«mWv k¼À¡¯n hcp¶Xv. Cu ]n³
aäpÅhtb¡mÄ hepXmbncn¡pw.Cu sse³ D]IcW¯nsâ
temlN«IqSpambn `mKhpambn«mWv _Ôn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv
x t^kv ssepw yq{SÂ ssepw D]IcW¯nsâ tImbnepambn
_Ôn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p.
x t^kv sse³ D]IcW¯nsâ temlN«¡qSpambn
k¼À¡¯n hcpt¼mÄ sshZypXnbpsS Hgp¡v
`qanbnte¡mbncn¡pw.
x ½psS hoSpIfnse¯p¶ sshZypX sse³ hm«v HuhÀ
aoädntmSmWv BZyw _Ôn¡p¶Xv. ho«n D]tbmKn¡p¶
sshZypXnbpsS Afhv IrXyambn IW¡m¡mmWv Cu
D]IcWw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv.
sshZyptXmÀP¯nsâ Afhv
x 1000W (1kW) ]hÀ DÅ Hcp D]IcWw Hcp aWn¡qÀ sIm-v
hnntbmKn¡p¶ CuÀPamWv Hcp Intem hm«v HuhÀ. CXmWv
sshZypX DuÀP¯nsâ hymhkmbnI bpWnäv.
i_vZw
x tIÄhnsb _m[n¡p¶ DuÀPcq]amWv i_vZw.
x Jc, {ZmhI, hmXI cq]¯nepÅ hkvXp¡fpsS I¼w aqew
i_vZapmIp¶p
i_vZt{kmXÊv
x i_vZw D-m¡p¶ hkvXp¡fmWv i_vZt{kmXÊpIÄ

11. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page11
i_vZt{kmXÊv I¼w sN¿p¶ hkvXp
x sN-, a±fw, X_e
x hoW, hben³, KnämÀ
x HmS¡pgÂ,mZkzcw,au¯v
HmÀK¬
x Ub{^w
x hen¨psI«nb I¼n
x hmbp
kzm`mhnI Bhr¯n
x I¼w sN¿p¶ Hmtcm hkvXphnpw AXntâXmb Hcp
Bhr¯bp-v. CXmWv B hkvXphnsâ kzm`mhnI Bhr¯n.
I¼s¯ kzm[on¡p¶ LSI§Ä
x hkvXphnsâ kz`mhw ; tOZXehnkvXoÀWw ; hkvXphnsâ ofw ;
henhv
i_vZt{]jWw
x i_vZ¯nv k©cn¡m³ am[yaw nÀ_ÔamWv.
x _lncmImi¯v AptbmPyamb am[yaanÃm¯XnmemWv
_lncmImi bm{XnIÀ kwkmcn¡m³ tdUntbm kwhn[mw
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv.
am[yaw
1. Aepannbw
2. Ccp¼v
3. Pew
4. hmbp
thKX (m/s)
6420
5950
1498
340
x i_vZt{]jWw ApssZÀLyXcwKcq]¯nemWv
XcwK¯nsâ AfhpIÄ
XcwKssZÀLyw (𝝀)
x Htc hen¸¯nepÅ {]Xe§Ä X½nepÅ AIew. bqWnäv m
Bhr¯n (𝒇)
x Hcp sk¡ân DmIp¶ XcwK§fpsS F®w. bqWnäv Hz
(slÀSvkv)
{]thKw (𝒗)
x XcwKw Hcp sk¡ân k©cn¡p¶ Zqcw. bqWnäv m/s
x Cu aq¶v AfhpIfpw X½nepÅ _Ôw
𝑣 = 𝑓 𝜆 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 = 𝑣/ 𝜆 𝑜𝑟 𝜆 = 𝑣/𝑓
i_vZ¯nsâ khntijXIÄ
Xo{hX
x bqWnäv hnkvXoÀWapÅ {]Xe¯neqsS Hcp sk¡ânÂ
IS¶pt]mIp¶ i_vtZmÀP¯nsâ AfhmWv Xo{hX.
D¨X
x i_vZw sNhnbnepm¡p¶ tIÄhnbpsS nebmWv D¨X. CXv
Xo{hXtbbpw Bhr¯nsbbpw sNhnbpsS Ignhnsbpw

12. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page12
B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p. bqWnäv dB (sUkns_Â). 120dB Â
IqSpXepÅ i_vZw sNhn¡v XIcmdpm¡pw
KpWw
x hyXykvX i_vZ§sf Xncn¨dnbmpÅ Ignhv
{ipXn (Ømbn)
x sNhnbnse¯p¶ i_vZ¯nsâ IqÀ½XbmWv (Xpf¨pIbdÂ)
{ipXn. I¼hkvXphnsâ Bhr¯n IqSnbm {ipXn IqSp¶p.
Ch 2 hn[w.
x DbÀ¶ {ipXnbpÅh: kv{Xo i_vZw, NohoSv, hnknÂ, ¥mkv
s]m«p¶ i_vZw F¶nh
x Xmgv¶ {ipXnbpÅh: ]pcpj i_vZw, CSnapg¡w, Im¡, t]m¯v,
{U½nsâ i_vZw F¶nh
_mkv & s{S_vÄ
x Xmgv¶ {ipXnbpÅ i_vZ§fpsS Iq«amWv _mkv. DbÀ¶
{ipXnbpÅ i_vZ§fpsS Iq«amWv s{S_vÄ
tUm¹À C^IvSv
x i_vZt{kmXÊnsâtbm i_vZkzoIcWnbpsStbm Asæn 2
sâtbm New aqew t{imXmhv tIÄ¡p¶ i_vZ¯nsâ
Bhr¯nbn amäw hcp¶ {]Xn`mkw.
x DZm: AIse n¶v thK¯n hcp¶ s{Sbnnse tlm¬
i_vZ¯nsâ Bhr¯n IqSp¶Xmbpw s{Sbn³ nÀ¯msX
IS¶pt]mbm Bhr¯n Ipdbp¶Xmbpw tXm¶m³ ImcWw
tUm¹À C^IvSmWv.
kzm`mhnI I¼w, {]tWmZnX I¼w, ApmZw:
kzm`mhnI I¼w
x Hcp hkvXphnsâ kzX{´amb I¼amWv kzm`mhnI I¼w.
x Hcp hkvXphns kzX{´ambn I¼w sN¿mphZn¨m AXv
AXnsâ kzm`mhnI Bhr¯mbnembncn¡pw I¼w sN¿pI.
{]tWmZnX I¼w
x I¼w sN¿p¶ Hcp hkvXphnsâ t{]cW aqew t{]cWw
sNep¯p¶ hkvXphnsâ AtX Bhr¯nbn asämcp hkvXp
I¼w sN¿p¶XmWv {]tWmZnX I¼w.
ApmZw
x tkmtWmaoädnsâ {]hÀ¯w: SyqWnMv t^mÀ¡nsâ X-v
tkmtWmaoädn AaÀ¯pt¼mÄ tkmtWmaoädnsâ {]Xew,
AXn DÄs¡mÅp¶ hmbpbq]w, tkmtWmaoädnse hen¨p
sI«nb I¼n Ch {]tWmZnX I¼¯nv hnt[bamIp¶p.
{_nUvPpIÄ o¡pt¼mÄ {_nUvPpIÄInSbnse I¼nbpsS ofw
hyXymks¸Spt¼Ä B JWvU¯nsâ Bhr¯nbpw
hyXymks¸Spw. F¶m Nne AIe¯n Cu JWvU¯nsâ
kzm`mhnI Bhr¯nbpw SypWnMvt^mÀ¡nsâ Bhr¯nbpw

13. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page13
XpeyamIp¶ kµÀ`w D-mIpw. At¸mÄ Ah
ApmZ¯nembncn¡pw. I¼n¡p-mIp¶ {]tWmZnX
I¼¯nsâ BbXn IqSpw. B kµÀ`¯n t]¸À ssdUÀ
I¼nbn n¶v sXdn¨v t]mIpw.
x {]tWmZnX I¼¯nv hnt[bamIp¶ hkvXphnsâ kzm`mhnI
Bhr¯nbpw t{]cWw sN¿p¶ hkvXphnsâ kzm`mhnI
Bhr¯nbpw XpÃyamIp¶ {]Xn`mkamWv ApmZw
x CXp aqew {]tWmZnX I¼¯nv hnt[bamIp¶ hkvXp
IqSpX BbXnbn I¼w sN¿p¶p.
x ApmZw hniZoIcn¡p¶Xnv ]co£Wimebn D]tbmKn
¡p¶ kwhn[m§fmWv tkmtWmaoädpw sdkW³kv tImfhpw.
ApmZ¯nsâ ^e§Ä
x Xq¡p]me¯neqsS ]«mf¡mÀ amÀ¨v sNbvXv t]mImdnÃ.
x Icnacp¶v {]tbmKw S¡pt¼mÄ kao] sI«nS§fnse PepIÄ
I¼w sN¿p¶p.
x hoW,hben³ F¶nhbpsS ASp¯p n¶v kwkcn¡pt¼mÄ
AhbpsS I¼nIÄ I¼w sN¿p¶p.
_oäpIÄ
x Bhr¯nbn sNdnbhyXymkapÅ 2 hkvXp¡Ä Htc kabw
I¼w sN¿pt¼mÄ AhbpsS i_vZ¯nse GäIpd¨nemWv
_oäpIÄ.
{ihWØncX
x mw tIÄ¡p¶ Hcp i_vZw tI«Xnv tijhpw 1/10 sk¡âv
tct¯¡v sNhnbn X§nn¡p¶ {]Xn`mkamWv
{ihWØncX.
{ihW]cn[n
x Hcmġv 20Hz pw 20000Hz pw CSbnepŠi_vZw tIġmw.
CXmWv {ihW]cn[n. 20Hz v XmsgbpÅh C³{^mtkmWn¡v
F¶pw 20000Hzv apIfnepÅh AÄ{SmtkmWn¡v F¶pw
Adnbs¸Sp¶p.
AÄ{SmtkmWn¡v i_vZ¯nsâ D]tbmK§Ä
x lrZb¯nsâ Nn{XsaSp¡m³ (ecg )
x IcÄ, InUvn XpS§nb B´c Ahbh§sf Ipdn¨v ]Tn¡m³
x InUvnbnse sNdnb IÃv s]mSn¨v Ifbm³
x kap{Z¯nsâ Bgw Af¡p¶XnpÅ tkmWmdnÂ
x hÆmenv ap¶nepÅ XSʧsf Xncn¨dnbm³
x mbIsfbpw aäpw ]cnioen¸n¡p¶XnpÅ KmÄ«¬ hnknenÂ.
C³{^mtkmWnIv {]tbmPs¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§Ä/P´p¡Ä
x B, XnanwKew, ImarKw, `qanIpep¡w
{]Xn^ew, {]Xn[zn, ApcWw

14. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page14
{]Xn^ew
x i_vZw ap¶nepÅ XSʧfn X«n sXdn¡p¶ {]Xn`mkamWv
{]Xn^ew.
x saKmt^m¬, kvsäXkvtIm¸v, euUv kv]o¡À XpS§nbh
{]Xn^ew {]tbmPs¸Sp¯p¶p.
{]Xn[zn
x i_vZw ap¶nepÅ XSʧfn X«n Xncn¨v sNhnbn Xs¶
tIÄ¡p¶XmWv {]Xn[zn (echo).
x {]Xn[zn Ap`hn¡m³ i_vZt{kmXÊpw XSÊhpw X½nÂ
Npcp§nbXv 17m AIew thWw.
ApcWw
x i_vZw ap¶nepÅ XSʧfn X«n BhÀ¯n¨p-hcp¶
{]Xn^eamWv ApcWw
F¡qÌnIvkv Hm^v _nÂUnwKv
x Hcp henb lmfn i_vZ {]Xn^ehpambn _Ôs¸«v hcp¶
{]iv§sfbpw ]cnlmc§sfbpw Ipdn¨pÅ ]TamWnXv.
{]iv§Ä
x i_vZw hyIvXambn tIÄ¡p¶nÃ.
x i_vZw BhÀ¯n¨v tIÄ¡p¶p.
x icnbmb D¨X e`n¡p¶nÃ.
x kwKoX¯nsâ am[pcyw jvSamIp¶p.
x lmfnsâ FÃm `mK¯pw Hcp t]mse i_vZw F¯p¶nÃ
]cnlmc§Ä
x Bhiy¯nv PepIfpw hmXnepIfpw Øm]n¡pI
x aS¡pIfpÅ IÀ«¬ D]tbmKn¡pI.
x NpacpIÄ ]cp¡m¡pI.
x ne¯v ]cp]cp¯ ImÀ¸äv D]tbmKn¡pI.
i_vZaenoIcWw Ipdbv¡mpÅ amÀK§Ä
x tdmUcnIpIfn acw h¨p ]nSn¸n¡pI.
x i_vZaenoIcWhpambn _Ôs¸« nba§Ä IÀiambn
Apkcn¡pI.
x FbÀtlm¬, euUvkv]o¡À F¶nh Hgnhm¡pI
x hml§Ä bYmkabw kÀhokv sN¿pI
{]Imi¯nsâ {]IoÀWw
x [hf {]Imiw hÀWcmPnbmbn thÀXncnbp¶ {]hÀ¯w.
x [hf {]Imi¯n AS§nbncn¡p¶ LSIhÀ®§Ä¡v
AhbpsS XcwKssZÀLy¯nepÅ hyXymkw Apkcn¨v

15. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page15
hyXykvX Afhn hyXnbmw kw`hn¡p¶XmWv
{]IoÀW¯nv ImcWw.
aghnÃv
x PeIWnIbn {]Imi¯nv {]IoÀWw kw`hn¡p¶Xv
sIm-mWv aghnÃv D-mIp¶Xv.
x aghnÃnsâ tI{µs¯bpw nco£Itbpw X½nÂ
tbmPn¸n¡p¶ tcJbmWv ZrjvSntcJ.
x {]Imicivan¡v PeIWnIbn c-v {]mhiyw A]hÀ¯hpw
Hcp {]mhiyw B´c{]Xn]Xw kw`hn¡p¶p.
x Hmtcm ndhpw ZrjvSntcJbpambn Hcp nÝnX tIm¬
D-m¡p¶Xnm aghnÃv BÀ¡v t]mse hfªXmbn
ImWs¸Sp¶p.
AXmcyhkvXp¡Ä
x Hcp AXmcy hkvXp AXnsâ nds¯ {]Xn]Xn¸n¡p¶p.
AXn ]Xn¡p¶ {]Imi civanbn aäp LSIhÀW§Ä
Ds-¦n AhsbÃmw BKncWw sN¿p¶p.
kpXmcyhkvXp¡Ä
x kpXmcyhkvXphnsâ ndw AXv IS¯n hnSp¶ hÀWs¯
B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p.
s]Àkn̳kv Hm^v hnj³
x ½psS I®nv ap¼nepÅ Hcp hkvXphns
I-psIm-ncn¡pt¼mÄ AXns ZrjvSn]Z¯n n¶p
amänbmepw B Zriymp`hw 1/16 sk¡âv kabt¯¡p IqSn
X§n n¡p¶p. CXns s]Àkn̳kv Hm^v hnj³ F¶v
]dbp¶p.
yq«sâ hÀW]¼cw
x yq«sâ hÀW]¼cw thK¯n Id¡nbmÄ shfp¯
nd¯n ImWs¸Spw. ImcWw s]Àkn̳kv Hm^v hnj³
ImcWw FÃm hÀW§fpw Hcpan¨v I- Ap`hw D-mIp¶p.
{]mYanIhÀW§Ä,ZznXobhÀW§Ä
x Nph¸v, ]¨, oe F¶o nd§Ä {]mYanIhÀW§fmWv.
x Nph¸v, ]¨, oe F¶o nd§Ä AXnhym]w sN¿pt¼mÄ
[hf{]Imi¯n ImWs¸Spw.
x {]mYanIhÀW§sf atäsX¦nepw hÀWw D]tbmKn¨v nÀan¡m³
IgnbnÃ.
x c-v {]mYanI hÀW§Ä tNÀ¶p-mIp¶ hÀW§fmWv
ZznXobhÀW§Ä.
]qcIhÀW§Ä
x [hf{]Imiw e`n¡m³ {]mYanI hÀWt¯msSm¸w
Iq«nt¨À¡p¶ hÀWtPmUnIsf ]qcI hÀW§Ä F¶p
]dbp¶p.

16. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page16
nd§Ä ZznXob hÀWw {]mYanI hÀWw ]qcI hÀWw
]¨ +Nph¸v aª ]¨ aP´
]¨+oe kb³ Nph¸v kb³
oe+Nph¸v aP´ oe aª
{]Imi¯â hnkcWw
x {]Imiw ]cp]cp¯ {]Xew Asæn A´co£¯nse
s]mSn]Se§fn ]Xn¡pt¼mÄ hnhn[ ZniIfnte¡v {]Xn^en¨v
NnXdnt¸mIp¶ {]Xn`mkamWv hnkcWw.
x Nph¸nv aäphÀW§sf At]£n¨v XcwKssZÀLyw IqSpXemWv.
hnkcWnc¡v Gähpw IpdhmWv.
DZbmkvXabkqcypw BImihpw
x DZbkqcyn n¶pw AkvXab kqcyn n¶pw `panbnÂ
F¯p¶ {]ImicivanIÄ XcwKssZÀLyw IpSnb Nh¸v
hÀWambncn¡pw. CXnsâ ^eambn kqcys Nph¸pnd¯nÂ
ImWp¶p.
x Zriy{]Imi¯nse XcwKssZÀLyw Ipdª hÀW§Ä¡v
hnkcWw kw`hn¡p¶Xnm BImiw oe nd¯nÂ
ImWs¸Sp¶p.
x N{µn A´co£hmbp CÃ. {]Imi¯nv hnkcWw
kw`hn¡m¯Xnm N{µn BImiw Ccp-v ImWs¸Sp¶p.
AÄ{Smhbeäv hnIncW§fpw C³{^msdUvv hnIncW§fpw
x Zriy{]Imi¯nsâ Ccphi¯papÅ hnIncW§fmWv
Zriy{]Imit¯¡mÄ XcwKssZÀLyw IqSnb C³{^msdUv
hnIncWhpw XcwKssZÀLyw Ipdª AÄ{Smhbeäv
hnIncWhpw.
x Ipdª hnkWt¯msS IqSp Zpcw k©cn¡p¶ hnIncWw
C³{^msdUv hnIncWamWv.
x AÄ{Smhbeäv hnIncW§Ä AZriyamsW¦nepw Ah
t^t«m{K^nIv t¹än S¯p¶ {]hÀ¯wsIm-v AhbpsS
kmn[yw aknem¡mw
x anXamb Xo{hXbnepÅ AÄ{Smhbeäv IncW§Ä ½psS
Xz¡nSnbnepÅ saemn³ F¶ hÀWhkvXphpambn {]hÀ¯n¨v
hnäman³ D D-m¡m³ klmbn¡p¶p.
x XcwKssZÀLyw Ipª {]Imis¯ BKncWw sNbvXv
XcwKssZÀLyw IpSnb {]Imiam¡namäp¶ hkvXp¡fmWv
^vfpdskâv ]ZmÀY§Ä.
x AÄ{Smhbeäv hnIncW§Ä ^vfpdskâv ]ZmÀY¯nÂ
]Xn¡pt¼mÄ AhbpsS XcwKssZÀLyw IqSp¶p.
x ^vfqdskâv s]bnâpIÄ AÄ{Smhbeäv hnIncW§sf
BKncWw sNbvXv Zriy{]Imiam¡n amäm³ IgnhpÅhbmWv.

17. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page17
CeIvt{SmWnIv skÀ¡o«nse LSI§Ä
dknÌdpIÄ
x skÀ¡o«nse sshZypX {]hmlw nb{´n¨v Hmtcm LSI¯npw
Bhiyamb s]m«³jy hyXymkw {]Zmw sN¿pI F¶XmWv
dknÌdpIfpsS [Àaw. dkn̳kv Af¡p¶Xv Hmw F¶
bqWnänemWv. CXnsâ {]XoIamWv Ω. IfÀ tImUv
D]tbmKnt¨m tcnt«m Chbn dkn̳kv areyw
tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw.
C³UIvSdpIÄ
x skÀ¡o«nse sshZypX{]hml¯nep-mIp¶ amä§sf
FXnÀ¡phm³ IgnhpÅ I¼n¨pcpfpIfmWv
x C³UIvSdpIÄ. Cu IgnhnsbmWv C³UIvS³kv F¶p
]dbp¶Xv. sl³dn (𝐻) BWv CXnsâ bqWnäv.
I¸mknädpIÄ
x skÀ¡n«pIfn sshZypXNmÀPv kw`cn¨p hbv¡p¶Xnpw
BhiympkcWw hn«psImSp¡p¶Xnpw D]tbmKn¡p¶
LSIamWv I¸mknädpIÄ. c-v kam´c teml
t¹äpIÄ¡nSbv¡v Hcp ssUCeIv{SnIv sh¨mWv I¸mknäÀ
nÀan¨n«pÅXv. NmÀPv kw`cn¨v hbv¡mpÅ tijnbmWvv
I¸mknädnsâ I¸mknä³kv. I¸mknä³knsâ bqWnäv ^mcUv
(𝐹) BWv.
x I¸mknädpIfn D]tbmKn¨ ssUCeIv{Sn¡nsâ t]cnemWv
km[mcWbmbn I¸mknädpIÄ Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. (DZ: t]¸À
I¸mknäÀ)
x ssUCeIv{Sn¡nv ]Icw, CeIvt{Smsseäv D]tbmKn¨n«pÅ
I¸mknädpIfmWv CeIvt{SmenänIv I¸mknädpIÄ.
AÀ[NmNI§Ä
x NmeI§fn n¶pw C³kpteädpIfn n¶pw hyXykvXamb
kz`mhw {]ISn¸n¡p¶ ]ZmÀY§fmWv AÀ[NmNI§Ä.
PÀtanbw, knen¡¬ F¶nhbmWv {][m AÀ[NmeI§Ä.
AÀ[NmeI§fn aäp Nne aqeI§Ä IeÀ¯nbm AhbpsS
NmeIX hÀ[n¡pw.
UtbmUpIÄ
x UtbmUnsâ Hc{Kw t]mknäohv F¶pw atä A{Kw sKäohv
(shfp¯ ndw) F¶pw ASbmfs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw.
x _mädnbpsS t]mknäohv sSÀan UtbmUnsâ t]mknäohv
`mKt¯mSpw sKäohv sSÀan sKäohv `mKt¯mSpw
LSn¸n¨m UtbmUn IqSn Idâv IS¶p t]mIpw.

18. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page18
x UtbmUneqsS sshZypXn {]hln¡¯¡hn[w AXns
skÀ¡o«n _Ôn¸n¡p¶Xns t^mÀthÀUv _bknMv F¶pw
adn¨msW¦n AXns dnthgvkv _bknMv F¶pw ]dbp¶p.
sseäv FanänMv UtbmUv (LED)
x sshZypXn {]hln¡pt¼mÄ {]Imiw DÕÀPn¡p¶
UtbmUpIfmWv LED.
sdIvSn^nt¡j³
x AC sshZypXnsb UtbmUv Htc ZnibnepÅ
sshZypXnbm¡namäpw. CXmWv sdIvSn^nt¡j³. CXv
km[yam¡p¶ D]IcWamWv sdIvSn^bÀ.
x C³]p«v thmÄt«Pnsâ t]mknäohv lm^v ssk¡nfpIfn am{Xw
Hu«v]q«v thmÄt«Pv D-mbncn¡pIbpw sKäohv lm^v
ssk¡nfpIfn Hu«v]p«v CÃmXncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶
sdIvSn^bdpIsf lm^v thhv sdIvSn^bdpIÄ F¶p ]dbp¶p.
^pÄthhv sdIvSn^bÀ
x AC sshZypXnsb XpSÀ¨bmbn Htc Znibn HgpI¯¡hn[w
kÖoIcn¨n«pÅ dIvSn^bdmWv ^pÄthhv dIvSn^bÀ.
{Sm³knÌdpIÄ
x AÀ[NmeI§Ä D]tbmKn¨v nÀan¨ncn¡p¶ CeIvt{SmWnIv
LSIamWv {Sm³knÌÀ. {Sm³knÌdpIÄ¡v aq¶v sSÀanepIÄ
D-mbncn¡pw.
Bw¹n^nt¡j³
x sshZypXknáepIfpsS iàn hÀ[n¸n¡p¶ {]{InbbmWv
Bw¹n^nt¡j³.
x Bw¹n^nt¡jp ap¼pw Bw¹n^nt¡jp tijhpw Bhr¯n¡v
hyXymkw CÃ. XcwK¯nsâ BbXn hÀ±n¡p¶p.
Cât{KäUv skÀ¡o«pIÄ
x Hcp sNdnb AÀ[NmeI]mfnbn CeIvt{SmWnIv
skÀ¡o«pIfn D]tbmKn¡p¶ dknÌÀ, I¸mknäÀ, {Sm³knÌÀ,
UtbmUv F¶o e£¡W¡nv LSI§Ä AptbmPyamwhn[w
]ckv]cw _Ôn¸n¨p cq]s¸Sp¯nsb¯ kwhn[mamWv
Cât{KäUv skÀ¡o«v AYhm IC Nn¸v. I¼yq«dnsâ Xet¨mÀ
F¶v ]dbp¶ t{]mkÊÀ Hcp Cât{KäUv skÀ¡o«mWv.
x N{µv `qansb Hcp {]mhiyw Npäm³ GItZiw 27 Znhkw thWw.
x N{µsâ k©mc]Ys¯ 13 UnKn hoXapÅ 27 `mK§fmbn
IW¡m¡mw.
mÄ

19. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page19
x N{µ³ AXnsâ ]Z¯nsâ 27 Â Hcp `mKw
k©cn¡p¶XnsSp¡p¶ kabamWv Hcp mÄ.
x N{µsâ k©mc]Z¯n hcp¶ £{X§sf
ASnØmam¡nbmWv mfpIÄ cq]s¸«Xv.
x `pan¡v kqcys Hcp {]mhiyw {]Z£nWw sN¿m³ 365¼ Znhkw
thWw.
{Im´nhr¯w
x `qanbpsS hmÀjnINew sIm-v kqcysâ ]Ým¯e¯nÂ
hcp¶ £{X§Ä¡nSbnepsS kqcy³ o§p¶Xmbn
tXm¶p¶p. kqcy³ £{X§Ä¡nSbneqsS t]mIp¶Xmbn
tXm¶p¶ kqcy]Ys¯ {Im´nhr¯w F¶v ]dbp¶p.
kuccminIÄ
x {Im´nhy¯s¯ 12 `mK§fmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. ChbmWv 12
kuccminIÄ. Hmtcm cminbnepapÅ £{XKW¯sâ
t]cnembncn¡pw B cmin Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv.
x kqcy³ FXv cminbn nev¡p¶Xmbn ap¡v tXm¶p¶pthm
B cminbpsS t]cmWv aebmf amkambn hcnI.
x kqcy³ 12 cminIfnepsS IS¶pt]mIp¶XnnSbn 27
mfpIfnepsSbpw IS¶pt]mIp¶p.
x FItZiw 365 Znhkw sIm-mWv Cu 27 mfpIfnepsS kqcy³
Hcp {]mhiqw IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv
Rmäpthe
x Hcp mfntmsSm¸w kqcy³ ImWs¸Sp¶Xmbn tXm¶p¶
ImebfhmWv Rmäpthe.
x Hcp RmäpthebpsS Imebfhv FItZiw 13-14 Znhk§fmWv
kqcy³
x kucbqZ¯nsâ tI{µamb kqcy³ Hcp £{XamWv.
x kqcy³ Np«p]gp¯ Hcp hmXItKmfamWv.
{]`maÞew
x ½Ä ImWp¶ kqcysâ ]pds¯ ]mfnbmbmWv {]`maÞew
(t^mt«mkv^nbÀ).
x kqcysâ AI¡m¼n S¡p¶ ssl{UP³ ^ypj³ F¶
{]Xn`mkamWv kpcysâ DuÀPt{kmXÌv.
hÀWaWUew
x {]`maÞe¯nv ]pd¯pÅ IwIpdª taLebmWv
hÀWaWUew (t{Imtamkv^nbÀ)
sImtdmW
x hÀWaWUe¯nv ]pd¯pÅ hnimetaLebmWv sImtdmW.
x hÀWaWUehpw sImtdmWbpw tNÀ¶XmWv kpcysâ
A´co£w.

20. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page20
(km[mcW ZriyamhmdnÃ. ]qÀW kqcy{KlWkab¯v
Zriyamhp¶p.)
kucIf¦§Ä
x {]`maÞe¯nsâ icmicn Xm]ne 6000 sIÂhntmfw
hcpsa¦nepw Xm]ne AXnepw Ipdª Nne taLeIÄ Idp¯
s]m«pt]mse ImWs¸Smdp-v. ChbmWv kucIf¦§Ä.
kuchmXw
x kuc{]Xe¯n n¶v ]pdt¯¡v ssl{UPsâbpw
loenb¯nsâbpw AWptI{µ§fpsS ({]mt«mWpIfpw
BÂ^mIW§fpw) h³{]hmlw kw`hn¨psIm-ncn¡p¶p.
CXmWv kuchmXw.
kuct{]man³kpIÄ
x kuc{]Xe¯n Nnet¸mÄ h³ PzmeIÄ DbÀ¶p s]m§n BÀ¨v
cp]¯n Xncn¨v ]Xn¡mdp-vv. ChbmWv
kuct{]man³kpIÄ.
x £{X§fpsS Xm]nebpw AhbpsS ndhpw X½nÂ
_Ôap-v
s_yqe
x £{Xm´c kvt]knse hmXI taL§bfmbmWv
£{X§fpsS P·Krlw. Ch s_yqe F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.
x s_yqeIfnse hmXItaLw KpcpXzmIÀjW¯mÂ
Npcp§p¶XmWv £{XP¯nsâ XpS¡w.
x ^yqj³ Bcw`n¨v DuÀPw ]pd¯v hcp¶ L«amWv Hcp £{Xw
Pn¨p F¶v ]dbmhp¶ L«w.
x kqcysâ, Pw apXepÅ ]cnWma]mX: s_pe →
{]mKv£{Xw → apJy[mcm£{Xw → Nqh¶ `oa³ →
shÅ¡pų → Idp¯Ipų.
KmeIvkn
x KpcpXzmIÀjW_ew sIm-v ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«p InS¡p¶
tImSn¡W¡nv £{X§fpw £{Xm´c {Zhy§fpw
tNÀ¶XmWv KmeIvkn. tImSn¡W¡nv KmeIvknIÄ
{]]©¯nep-v.
x át{X§isIm-v ImWp¶ £{X£sfÃmw ½psS
KmeIvknbmb BImiKwKbn DÄs¸Sp¶XmWv.
x kpcyn n¶v ]pds¸Sp¶ {]Imiw `qanbnse¯m³ 8½ annäv
kabsaSp¡pw.
Akvt{SmWan¡v bpWnäv (AU)
x kpcyn n¶v ]pds¸Sp¶ {]Imiw `qanbnse¯p¶ kabw
sIm-v k©cn¡p¶ ZqcamWv Hcp Akvt{SmWan¡v bpWnäv.
{]ImihÀjw

21. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page21
x {]Imiw Hcp hÀjw sIm-v k©cn¡p¶ ZqcamWv Hcp
{]ImihÀjw
x C´y³ _lncmImi KthjW¯nsâ ]nXmhmWv tUm.hn{Iw
kmcm`mbn (1919-1971).
x nch[n Ir{Xntam]{Kl§fpw, `qØnc D]{Kl§Ä
hnt£]n¡mmhiyamb GSLV, t]mfmÀ D]{Kl§Ä
hnt£]n¡mmhiyamb PSLV, XpS§nb hnt£]W
hml§fpw hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¡m³ C´y³ imkv{XÚ·mÀ¡v
Ignªp.
CIztämdnb D]{Kl§Ä
x CIztämdnb D]{Kl§Ä `qa[ytcJbv¡v apIfnembn Hcp
HmÀ_nän `qansb ]cn{IaWw sN¿p¶p. ChbpsS
]cn{IaWImew `qanbpsS {`aWIme¯nv XqeyambmÂ
A¯cw D]{Kl§sf `qØnc D]{Kl§Ä F¶v ]dbp¶p.
t]mfmÀ D]{Kl§Ä
x `qanbpsS D¯c Z£nW {[ph§Ä¡v apIfneqsS 200 IntemaoäÀ
apX 1000 IntemaoäÀ hsc Dbc¯nepÅ {`aW]Y¯nÂ
`qansb Npäp¶hbmWv t]mfmÀ D]{Kl§Ä.
Pzew
x ]ZmÀY§Ä HmIvkn-P-p-ambn XoIvjvW-ambn {]Xn- {]hÀ¯n¨v
Xm]hpw {]Im-ihpw D-m-Ip-¶-XmWv Pzew.
C豈
x Xmt]mÀPw nÀ½n¡m³ D]ÄtbmKn¡p¶ hkvXp¡fmWv
C豈.
CÔ--§Ä Pzen-¡p-t¼mÄ D-m-Ip-¶h -
x ImÀ_¬ssU HmIvsskUv; ImÀ_¬ tamtWmIvsskUv; Icn;
Pe_mjv]w
CÔ--§-fpsS ]qÀW-Pz-e--¯n-pÅ kml-N-cy-§Ä
x DW-§n-bXv, Bhiy¯nv HmIvknP³,
x Pze^eambp-mhp¶ hmXI§Ä¡v ]pd¯v t]mImpff
kuIcyw.
`mKnI Pze-w
x HmIvkn-Psâ Af-hv -Ip-dhm-bm IqSp-X ImÀ_¬ tamtWm-
IvsskUpw Ipdª Af-hn ImÀ_¬ssU HmIvsskUpw
Icnbpw ]pIbpw D-m-Ipw. C¯cw Pze--amWv `mKnI Pze-w.
`mKnI Pzew sIm-pÅ tZmj-§Ä
x CÔ--jvSw

22. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page22
x kab jvSw
x h³tXmXn A´co£ aenoIcWw krjvSn¡p¶p
x ]pI IqSp¶p.
CÔ--¯nsâ t{kmX-Êp-IÄ
x UokÂ, FÂ-]n-Pn, s]t{SmÄ, m^vX, as®®→ s]t{Sm-fnbw
x knF³Pn → {]IrXn hmXIw
x Iev¡cn→Iev¡cn
x ssl{UP³ → Pew
x hndIv → ac§Ä
x sshZypXn → sshZypX neb§Ä, Pew, t^mkn CÔ§Ä
t^mkn CÔ§Ä
x ]Xn-m-bn-c-¡-W-¡nv hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼v a®n-Sn-bnÂs¸«p-
t]mb kky-§fpw Pohn-Ifpw hmbp-hnsâ Akm-¶n-[y-¯nepw
D¶X Xm]-n-e-bnepw aÀZ-¯nepw cq]m-´cw {]m]n-¨p--m-bXmWv
t^mkn-en-Ô--§Ä.
x Iev¡-cn, s]t{Sm-fn-bw, {]Ir-Xn-hm-X-I-§Ä Ch t^mkn-en-Ô--§-
fm-Wv.
x t^mkn C豈 ]p-Øm-]n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ DuÀP-t{km-X-
Êp-IÄ BWv.
I¡cn
x AS-§n-bn«pÅ ImÀ_-Wnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n CXn-s, ]oäv,
enKvssäv, B{´-sskäv, _näp-an-kv tImÄ F¶n§s membn
Xcw-Xn-cn-¡mw.
I¡cn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ kµÀ`-§Ä
x KmÀlnI CÔambn D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
x hymhkmbnI CÔambn D]tbmKn¡p¶p
x sXÀa ]hÀ tÌjn CÔambn D]tbmKn¡p¶p;
x tImÄSmÀ, tImÄKymkv, tIm¡v, AtamWnb F¶nh
nÀ½n¡m³ D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
CNG, LNG, LPG:
CNG LNG LPG
km[mcW
aÀZ¯nÂ
{ZhoIcn¡m³ ]änÃ
km[mcW
aÀZ¯nÂ
{ZhoIcn¡mw
km[mcW
aÀZ¯nÂ
{ZhoIcn¡mw
Zqc kvYe§fnte¡v
tIm-pt]mIm³
{]bmkw
Zqc kvYe§fnte¡v
tIm-pt]mIm³
Ffp¸w
Zqc kvYe§fnte¡v
tIm-pt]mIm³
Ffp¸w
aosYbvmWv
{][m LSIw
aosYbvmWv
{][m LSIw
s{]ms¸bvpw
_yqs«bvpw
{][m LSIw

23. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page23
Item-dn-^nIv aqeyw
x Hcp Intem{Kmw CÔw ]qÀW-ambn I¯pt¼mÄ ]pd-¯p-hn-
Sp¶ Xmt]mÀP-¯nsâ Af-hmWv B CÔ--¯nsâ Item-dn-^nIv
aqeyw.
x Item-dn^nIv aqey¯nsâ bqWnäv PqÄ/Intem{Kmw BWv.
x Gähpw Item-dn^nIv aqey-apÅ CÔ--amWv ssl{U-P³
x tdm¡äpIfn ssl{UP³ CÔambn D]tbmKn¡p¶p.
_tbm-amkv
x ssPhm-h-in-jvS-§Ä _tbm-amkv F¶mW-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
Hcp ]ZmÀYw à CÔ--ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-Wsa-¦n AXnv
D-mbn-cn-t¡- KpW-§Ä
x IqSnb e`yX.
x sNehpIpd-hm-bn-cn-¡Ww.
x A´-co£aen-o-I-cWw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-¡Ww.
x {Zmh-Im-h-Ø-bn-epÅh km[m-cW Xm]-n-e-bn Ffp¸w _mjv]o-
I-cn-¡-cp-Xv.
x Pze Xm]ne Ipdhmbncn¡Ww.
x sIm-pS¡mpw kq£n¡mpw Ignbp¶Xmbncn¡Ww.
ssPhm-h-in-jvS-§fpsS Pze-w aqew D-m-Ip¶ {]iv-§Ä
x ]pI D-m-Ip-¶p; ZpÀKÔw D-mIp¶p.
x ImÀ_¬ tamtWmIvsskUv D-mIp¶p.
x kÄ^À UtbmIvsskUv t]mepÅ hmXI§Ä D-mIp¶p.
kutcmÀP---------------------------------- D]-I-c-W-§Ä
x tkmfmÀ ]mÂ; tkmfmÀ hm«ÀloäÀ; tkmfmÀ Ip¡À; tkmfmÀ
sXÀa ]hÀ ¹mâv.
x tkmfmÀ ]m-en {]ImtimÀPw sshZyptXmÀPambn amdp¶p.
Idp¯ {]X-e-§Ä
x Idp-¯Xpw ]cp-]-cp-¯-Xp-amb {]X-e-§Ä hnIn-cWXm]s¯
¶mbn BKn-cWw sN¿p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse DXvkÀPn¡p-Ibpw
sN¿pw.
tkmfmÀ hm«Àloä-À
x tkmfmÀ hm«Àloädn Idp¯ {]X-e-§Ä D]tbmKn¨v shÅw
NqSm¡p¶p.
tkmfmÀ Ip¡-dn Blmcw ]mIw sN¿p-¶XpsIm--pÅ
ta·-I-Ä
x A´-co-£-a-en-o-I-cWw H«pw D-m-Ip-¶nÃ.
x kpcy{]Imiw e`yamb GXp Øe¯pw Ø]n¡mhp¶XmWv.
x nÀan¨ tijw ZoÀLmÄ D]tbmKn¡mw.
tkmfmÀ Ip¡-dnsâ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ
 cm{Xnbn D]tbmKn¡m³ km[yaÃ.

24. SSLC
Physics Short Notes
BRAINS MOOZHIKKAL, CALICUT Short Notes 9048332443
Prepared By Fassal Peringolam
Page24
 DbÀ¶ Xm]-ne e`n-¡m-¯-Xn-m hdp¡m-tm, s]mcn-¡m-
tm, N¸m¯n NpSmtm km[y-aÃ.
 ]mNI¯nv IqSpXÂ kabw th-n hcp¶p.
x tkmfmÀ sXÀa ]hÀ¹mâp-I-fn kutcmÀPw Xmt]mÀPhpw
sshZyptXmÀPhpambn amdp¶p.
x Imäm-Sn-I-fnÂn¶pw e`n-¡p¶ DuÀPw sshZypXn
DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xnpw Pew ]¼p sN¿p¶Xnpw {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-
¯mw.
x kap-{Z-§-fnse Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS KXn-tImÀPw bm{´n-tImÀP-ambpw
AXp sshZyp-tXmÀPambpw ]cn-hÀ¯w sN¿mw.
x thentbä kab¯qw thenbnd¡ kab¯pw HgpIp¶ Pe¯nÂ
AS§nbncn¡p¶ DuÀPamWv thentbmÀPw.
x tIcf¯n `qan¡Snbn tlm«v kvt]m«pIÄ CÃm¯XnmÂ
PntbmsXÀa ]hÀ ¹mâpIÄ km[yaÃ.
x yq¢n-bÊn n¶v DuÀPw DÂ]mZn¸n¡mpÅ amÀK§fmWv
yq¢nbÀ ^njpw, yq¢nbÀ ^yqjpw
]mc-¼cy DuÀP t{kmX-Êp-IÄ
x t^mkn- CÔ--§Ä; _tbm-amkv; sslt{Um Ce-Iv{SnIv ]hÀ;
hndIv.
]mc-¼tcyXc DuÀPt{kmX-Êp-IÄ
x tkmfmÀ FÀPn; ssäUÂ FÀPn; yq¢n-bÀ FÀPn; Imäv;
_tbmKymkv; PntbmsXÀaÂ.
DuÀP-{]-Xn-k-Ôn ]c-am-h[n eLq-I-cn-¡mpÅ amÀK§Ä
x DuÀP-s¯ bpàn-k-l-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡pI.
x kutcmÀPw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯pI.
x ]pXnb DuÀPt{kmXÊpIÄ Is-¯pI
Q