Kerala Laws for Citizens- Niyama Padam

3
LEGAL LITERACY PROGRAMME
For
College Students
KELSA
(Kerala State Legal Services Authority)
n-ba]m-Tw
tIm-tfPv- hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v-
AS A PART OF
The National Legal Literacy Mission
A PROJECT OF

4
Title : Niyamapadam College Vidyardhikalkku
Copyright : ©Reserved
Ninth Edition : November, 2011
Copies : 1,01,250
Layout &
Printed at : Ayodhya Printers Ltd., Elamakkara, Cochin-26
Ph: 0484-2408797
Published by : KERALASTATE LEGALSERVICES
AUTHORITY (KELSA),
Niyama Sahaya Bhavan, High Court Compound,
Kochi - 682 017.
For circulation in the Legal Literacy
Classes conducted by KELSA

5
BapJw
tIcf kwÿm eoK¬ k¿Δo-kkv AtXm-dn‰n bph-X-e-
ap-d-bv°mbv Cu h¿jhpw nb-a-t_m-[-h¬°-c-W-¢m- p-Iƒ S-
Øm≥ Xocp-am-n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-mbn nb-a-]m-T-]p-kvXIw
hfsc efn-X-am-bn-Xs∂ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. nb-a-ß-sf-°-p-dn®pw
oXn-ym-b-kw-hn-[m--ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ASn-ÿm--⁄m--ap≈
hnZym¿∞n-k-aqlw oXn-t_m-[-ap≈ `mhn-X-e-ap-d-bmbn ]cn-
h¿Øw sNø-s∏Spw F∂Xv X¿°-a‰ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Cu
hnizm-k-amWv bph-X-e-ap-dbv°v nb-a-]T¢m- p-Iƒ°v XpS-°-
an-Sm≥ t{]c-W-bm-b-Xpw. ap≥h¿j-ß-fn¬ Cu kwcw`w ssIh-
cn® hnP-bhpw kzoIm-cy-Xbpw Imew ImØn-cn-°p∂ Hcp henb
am‰-Øn-te-°mWv sΩ bn-°p-∂-Xv. Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬
A¿∏-W-t_m-[-tØmsS tIc-f kw-ÿm eoK¬ k¿Δo-kkv
AtXm-dn-‰n-tbm-sSm∏w tN¿∂v {]b-Xvn® kpa-- p-Isf μn-
tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p.
Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ap≥]-Xn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ kl-
I-cn® {ioa-Xn. jo jp°q¿, AUz. ]mem tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
mb¿, AUz. Pn. APnXv Ipam¿, AUz. Un.-_n. _np, AUz.
sI.-]n. {]Zo-]v, AUz. sFk-Iv. Sn.- t]mƒ, AUz.-An tPmk-^v
sI.-F., AUz. tPm¿Pv kJ-dnb F∂n-h-tcmSv {]tXyIw μn
]d-bp-∂p. Ign™ ]Xn-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb nb-a-ß-sf-°q-
SmsX ASn-a-Ø-sØm-gn¬ k{º-Zmb n¿Ø-em-°¬ nb-aw,
alm-ﬂm-Km‘n tZiob {KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v nb-aw, Akw-
L-SnX sXmgn-emfn kmaqly kpc£m nb-aw, tZiob kmaq-
ly-kp-c£m kanXn F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v IqSn Cu ]cn-jvI-cn®
]Xn-∏n¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.
Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw IS-a-I-sfbpw Ipdn®v kzbw-t_m-[y-ap≈
PX kº-∂-amb kmaqly hyh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS {]I-S-amb e£-
W-am-Wv. Imew hmgvØp∂ t{ijvT-amb hyh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS n¿Ωn-
Xn-°mbn Cu kwcw`w ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. Cu sNdp-m-f-
ßƒ mSns‚ bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ sImfpØn
hbv°s´; Ccpƒ nd-bp∂ ImgvN-I-fn¬ shfn®w hnX-dp∂ oXn-
bpsS hgn-I-fn¬ AkvX-abw C√mØ ]I-ep-Iƒ Xo¿°p∂
{]Im-i-t{km-X- p-I-fmbn kzbw amdp-hm≥.
Gh¿°pw ∑-Iƒ Biw-kn-®p-sIm≠v,
P-kv-‰n-kv- kn.-F≥. cma-N-{μ≥ mb¿
FIvknIyq´ohv sNb¿am≥
tI-c-f-m tÃ‰v eo-K¬- k¿-ho-k-kv- A-tXmdn-‰n

6
cm-jv-{Sw-
Pßƒ-°p-th≠n-
Pßƒ-
cm-jv-{SØn-p-th≠n-

7
Pkv-‰n-kv- A_v-Zpƒ- K^q¿-
FIv-kn-Iyq-ó-hv- sNb¿-am≥
tIcf kwÿm eoK¬ k¿Δo-kkv AtXm-dn-‰n
Ieq-¿, sIm®n˛17
07.04.2005
H∂mw ]Xn-∏ns‚
Bap-Jw-
n-bakm-£cXm-cw-KØv- tIcf kw-kv-Ym- eo-K¬- k¿-ho-kkv-
AtXm-dn-‰n- (sI¬-k)- as‰m-cp- Im¬-shbv-∏p-Iq-Sn- SØp-∂p.- tIm-tfPp-
hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈ n-bakm-£cXm-]≤Xn- Ign-™h¿-jw-Xs∂,-
kv-{Xo-im-Iv-Xo-IcWw- e£y-am-°n,- tIm-tfPp-hn-Zym¿-∞n-n-Iƒ-°m-bn-
n-bakm-£cXm-¢m-kp-Iƒ- SØn-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬- B¨-Ip-ń-
Itf°q-Sn- Dt±in-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ Cu- ]≤Xn- AXn¬-n-∂pw- Gsd hy-
Xy-kv-Xam-Wv,- D≈S°Øn-epw,- e£y-Øn-epw.-
s]¨-Ip-ń-Iƒ-°p- am-{Xam-bn- SØs∏´ ¢m-kp-Iƒ- h≥-hn-Pbam-
bn-cp-∂p.- n-bakm-£cXm-¢m-kp-Ifn¬- Xßsf°q-Sn- Dƒ-s∏Sp-
ØWsa∂,- B¨-Ip-ń-Ifp-sS Bhiyw- ]cn-KWn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Cu-
]≤Xn-°v- cq-]w-¬-In-bn-´p-≈Xv.- kw-kv-Ym-sØ F√m- tIm-tfPp-
Ifnsebpw- c≠mw-h¿-j Un-{Kn- hn-Zym¿-∞n-˛hn-Zym¿-∞n-n-Iƒ-°m-bm-
Wv- CXp- kw-LSn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂Xv.-
2005 am¿-®v- 6˛v- yq-Z¬-ln-bn¬- S∂ Hcp- NSßn¬- Ωp-sS {][m-
a{¥n-bpw- C¥y-bp-sS No-^v-Pkv-‰n-kpw-tN¿-∂v- n-bakm-£cXm-cw-
KØv- Hcp- ]p-Xp-{]kv-Ym-Øn-v- Xp-S°w-Ip-dn-®p-˛tZio-bn-bakm-
£cXm-an-j≥.- APv-RXbn¬-n-∂pw- n-baØn-eq-∂n-bp-≈ im-Iv-Xo-
IcWw-˛AXm-Wv- Cu- q-X {]kv-Ym-Øn-s‚ ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw.-
`m-cXØn-sem-cn-SØpw- AXn-s‚ {]h¿-Øw- Bcw-`n-®n-ń-√.- km-
£cXm-{]kv-Ym-Øn¬- ap-ºcm-bn-n-∂ tIcfo-b¿,- n-bakm-£cXm-
cw-KØpw- B kv-Ym-w- ssIhn-ń-cp-∂n-√.- kv-Iqƒ-hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-
bn Ign-™ aq-∂p-h¿-jam-bn- hn-PbIcam-bn- SØn-t∏m-cp-∂ n-ba
]m-Tw- ¢m-kp-Iƒ- tIcfØn-s‚am-{Xw- {]tXy-IXbm-Wv.- Ab¬-°q-´w-
{]h¿-ØI¿-°m-bn- Ip-Spw-_{io-bp-am-bn- klIcn-®p- SØn-t∏m-cp-∂
n-bakm-£cXm- ]≤Xn-bpw- Ωp-tSXp-am-{Xam-b tám-Wv.-
tZio-bn-bakm-£cXm-an-js‚ {]h¿-Øm-cw-`hpw,- aebm-
faÆn¬-n-∂p-Xs∂bm-Is´.- tIm-tfPp-hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈ n-
bakm-£cXm-]≤Xn- Rßƒ- AXn-m-bn- ka¿-∏n-°p-∂p.-

8
hn-Ikn-X C¥y-˛C∂pw- m-tam-tcm-cp-Øcpw- a n-eq-´p-∂ Hcp-
kz-]v-am-WXv.- B kz-]v-km-£m-Xv-Im-cØn¬- n-bakm-£cXbv-°pw-
km-cam-sbm-cp- ]¶p≠v.- Kn-cn-h¿-§°m¿,- yq-]£hn-`m-K°m¿,- a‰p-
A[x-kv-Yn-Xcm-bh¿- F∂n-hsc cmPy-Øn-s‚ ap-Jy-[m-cbn-te°p- ssI]n-
Sn-®p-b¿-ØWsa¶n¬- Ahcp-sS AhIm-im-[n-Im-cßsf°p-dn-®p-≈
Aht_m-[w- Ah¿-°p-≠m-IWw.- Ah¿-°p-≈ n-ba]chpw km-aq-ly-
]chpw- `cW]chp-am-b kw-c£Isf°p-dn-®v- Ah¿- t_m-[hm-∑m-cm-
bn-°Ww.- km-aq-ly-o-Xn- F∂ ]m-he£y-Øn-te°p-≈ Nhn-´p-]Sn-
Iq-Sn-bm-WXv.- n-bakm-£cXm-{]h¿-Øßfn-eq-sS am-{Xta CXv- km-
[y-am-Iq.- Chn-sSbm-Wv- Cu- tZio-bkm-£cXm-an-jp- Hcp- henb ]¶p-
hln-°m-p-≈Xv.-
Pßƒ-°p-≈ kzm-X{¥yw- Ap-`htbm-Ky-am-°p-I,- AXp-hgn-
Ahcp-sS Po-hn-XØn-p- ]p-Xn-b A¿-∞w-¬-Ip-I.- Hm-tcm-cp-Øcpw- Ap-
`hn-°p-∂ Ao-Xn- a n-em-°m≥- km-[n-°m-Ø Ahkv-Ysbbm-Wv-
APv-RX F∂p- ]dtb≠Xv.- Cu- APv-RXbm-Wv- ]p-tcm-Ka{]h¿-
Øßƒ,- Kp-Wt`m-Iv-Xm-°fn¬- FØnt®cmØXn-p-≈ {][m- {]Xn-
_v-[w.- Cu- {]Xn-_v-[w- X´n-am-‰m-p-≈ Icp-Øp-‰ Bbp-[am-bn- n-
bakm-£cXm-{]h¿-ØsØ hm¿-sØSp-°Ww.- AXm-Wv- sI¬-kbp-
sS DZy-aw.- Hm-tcm- {Km-aØn-epw- n-bat_m-[ap-≈ GXm-pw- sNdp-∏°m-
cp-≠m-IWw.- AXn-te°p-≈ Hcp- sNdp-Im¬-shbv-∏p-am-{Xam-Wv- tIm-
tfPp-hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°m-bp-≈ Cu- n-bakm-£cXm-]≤Xn.- CXn-s‚
hn-PbØn-m-bn- F√m-hcp-sSbpw- klm-bw- A`y¿-∞n-°p-∂p.-
kkv-tlw-
P-kv-‰n-kv- sI.-F.- A-_v-Zp¬- K-^q¿
FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv sNb¿am≥
tIcf kwÿm eoK¬ k¿ho-kkv AtXm-dn‰n

9
D≈S°w
`mKw H∂v ˛ hnhml nb-a-ßƒ
1. hn-hm-lw- .................................................................... 12
2. ap-…owhn-hm-lw- ..................................................... 16
3. {In-kvXy≥ hnhml nb-aw.............................. 20
4. {]tXyI hnhml nb-aw.................................. 23
5. Poh-mwi nb-a-ßƒ ........................................ 26
6.- hn-hm-l kw-_‘am-b Ip-‰Ir-Xy-ßƒ-........ 31
`mKw c≠v ˛ {In-an-¬- n-baßƒ-
1. Hcp- {In-an-¬-tIkv- cPn-kv-‰¿- sNøp-∂Xpw-
Nm¿-÷p- sNøp-∂Xpw- Fßn-s .................... 38
2.- Adkv-‰v,- Pm-ayw- ...................................................... 41
3.- {In-an-¬- tIkp-Ifp-sS hn-Nm-cW ................ 48
4. dmKnwKv ntcm[ nbaw ................................. 50
5.- {`q-W]cn-tim-[ n-b{¥Wn-baw- ............ 52
6.- `£Wkm-[ßfn¬- am-bw- tN¿-°¬- ...... 54
`mKw aq∂v ˛ a‰p-n-baßƒ-
1. D]t`m-Iv-Xr-kw-c£Wn-baw- ........................ 60
2.- A¥co-£,- Pe,- ]cn-ÿn-Xn-
aen-o-IcWw- ......................................................... 63
3.- Btcm-Ky-kw-c£Ww- ......................................... 68
4.- sN°v-kw-_‘am-b n-baßƒ- ...................... 71
5.- _m-eo-Xn- n-baw- ................................................ 71
6.- tZio-b hn-Xm-IΩo-j≥-.................................. 72
7.- ap-jym-hIm-i IΩo-j≥- ................................ 74
8. hnhcmhImi nbaw.......................................... 76
9. s]mXpapX¬ in∏n°p∂Xv
XSbp∂ nbaw .................................................... 79
10. amXm]nXm°fpsSbpw apXn¿∂
]uc∑mcpsSbpw PohmwiØnpw
t£aØnpambp≈ nbaw 2007................... 81
11. ASn-aØ sXmgn¬ k{º-Zm-b
(-n¿Ø-em-°¬) nb-aw, 1976 ......................... 84
12. alm-ﬂm-Km‘n {KmaoW
sXmgn-ep-d∏v nbaw 2005 ................................... 85
13. Akw-L-SnX sXmgn-emfn kmaqly
kpc£m nbaw 2008 ......................................... 87

10
14. tZio-b- km-aqlykpc-£m-n-baw ................. 89
15. s]mXpÿeßfnse ]pIhen
in£m¿lamWv .................................................... 90
16. hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-n-baw..................................... 93
17.- n-ba tkh AtXm-dn-‰n- n-baw- ................ 100
18.- n-ba ]cn-lm-c am¿-§ßƒ- .............................. 104

11
`m-Kw- ˛ H∂v-
hn-hm-ln-baßƒ-

12
1.----- hnhmlw
hnhmlw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ nb-a-hym]vXn hyXykvX hy‡n nb-
a-ß-fn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-bn-´m-sW-¶nepw Dt±iyw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Hcp
kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--amb IpSpw_w cq]o-I-cn-°¬, Hcp kv{Xobpw
]pcp-jpw at‰-sXm-cm-sfbpw ]pd-¥-f-fn-s°m≠v Ah¿°v Pn-°p∂
a°ƒ°v nb-a]-c-amb AwKo-Imcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-mbn kwtbm-Pn-°p-
I AXmWv hnhm-lw-sIm≠v Dt±--in-°p-∂-Xv.
lnμp- hn-hmlw
hnhmlw lnμp-°ƒ°v Hcp hnip≤ I¿Ω-am-Wv. lnμphnhml
nbaw {]tXy-I-ambn BNm-c-ap-d-Itfm S-]Sn{Ia-ßtfm njv°¿jn-
°p-∂n-√, F∂m¬ h¿j-ß-fmbn ]men-®p-t]m-cp∂ Iogvh-g°ßƒ°v
aXn-bmb ]cn-K-W ¬Ip-∂p-ap-≠v. lnμpaXw AtIw PmXn-
aXßƒsIm≠v nd-™-Xm-Wv. Ah-cp-sS-sbms° PohnXcoXn-I-fn-ep-
ff hyXym-k-ß-ƒt]mseXs∂ Ah-chcpsS hnhml Ap-jvTm--
ßfpw hnhm-l-co-Xn-Ifpw hyXy-kvX-amWv. lnμp°fpsS hnhmlw
kw_-‘n-°p∂ nbaw 1955˛se lnμphnhmlnb-a-amWv. Cu nba
{]Im-chpw hnhmlw km[q-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Iogvhg°ßƒ°pw BNm-
c-ß-ƒ°pw {]k-‡n-bp-≠v.
1. hnhmlkabØv hcv 21 hb pw h[p-hn-v 18 hb pw ]q¿Øn-
bm-bn-cn-°Ww˛ta¬]d™ {]mbsaØm-Ø-h¿ XΩn¬
hnhml_‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv in£m¿l-amb Ip‰-ambn IW-
°m-°s∏Sp-∂p.
2. hnhmlka-bØv ]pcp-jv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `mcytbm,
kv{Xo°v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `¿Ømthm D≠m-bn-cn-°-cpXv.
`mcytbm `¿Ømthm Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-Iƒ°v nb-a-{]-Imcw
{]kvXpX_‘w th¿s∏-Sp-Ø-mØnStØmfw as‰mcp hnhml_‘-
Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ Ah-Im-i-an-√. c≠mw hnhmlw Ip‰-ambpw lnμp-
hnhmlnb-a-Øn¬ {]tXyIw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v.
3. hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip∂ hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-t{]-cWIqSmsX kza-
msebmbn-cn-°Ww hnhm-l-Ønv kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-sX∂Xn-m¬
Ah¿°v NnØ-{àtam atm-tcm-K-tam XpS¿®-bmbn hcp∂ D∑m-Z-
tcm-K-ßtfm D≠m-bn-cn-°-cpXv. am-knIXI-cm-dp-Iƒaqew sshhm-
lnI IS-a-Iƒ n¿h-ln-°p-hmtm, Ipń-Iƒ°v P≥awsImSp-°p-
hmtm Ipń-Isf kwc£n°p-hmtm Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h¿°pw
hnhmlwsNøp-hm≥ nb-a-]-c-ambn XS- -ap-≠v.

13
4. BNm-ctam Iogvhg-°ß-tfm{]Imcw Ap-h-Z-o-b-a-s√-¶n¬
ASpØ k]nWvU_‘-Øn¬s∏Sp∂-h¿°pw ]c-kv]cw
hnhmlwIgn-°p-∂-Xnv Atbm-Ky-X-bp≠v. k]nWvU_‘-w
c‡_‘wXs∂-bm-Wv. AΩ-hgn apI-fn-te°v aq∂v Xe-ap-d-h-scbpw
A—≥hgn A©p Xe-ap-d-h-scbpw k]nWvU_‘-Øn¬s∏Sp∂p.
tPyjvTm-p-P≥am-cpsS a°-fp-sStbm, tPyjvTØn˛Ap-PØn a°-
fp-sStbm A—≥`mKØpn∂pw AΩ`mKØpn∂pap-≈ a°fpw
k]n-WvU-cm-Wv.
5. Hcp ]pcp-j≥ ktlm-Z-cn-sbtbm, ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS aI-sftbm, ktlm-
Z-cs‚ aI-sf-tbm, ]nXm-hns‚tbm amXm-hn-s‚tbm ktlm-Z-cs‚
a°-sf-tbm, hnhmlwsNøp-∂-Xn¬n∂pw lnμp hnhmlnbaw
ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hfsc ASpØ c‡-_-‘-Øn¬s]´-h¿ XΩn-
ep-ff CØcw hnhmlw ]t£ BNm-c-tam, Iogvhg°tam Ap-k-
cn-®m-sW-¶n¬ ntcm-[w _m[-I-a-√.
6. `¿Ømhv acn® kv{XoI-fp-sS-bpw `mcy acn® ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-sSbpw
]p¿hn-hmlw nb-a-km-[p-X-bp-f-f-Xm-Wv.
7. k_vc-Pn-kv{Sm-dnpapºn¬ hnhmlw cPn-Ã¿sNbvXXp
sIm≠pam{Xw hnhm-l-Ønv nb-a-km-[pX e`n-°n-√. n_-‘--
Iƒ Ap-k-cn®v hnhmlw S-Ø-Ww.
8. Kh¨sa‚ v hn⁄m-]--a-p-k-cn®v Ct∏mƒ Xt±ikzbw`c-W-ÿm-
]--ß-fn¬ P/acW dPn-kv{Sm¿am¿°v ({Kma-]-©m-bØv/apn-
kn-∏m-en‰n) hnhmlw cPn-Ã¿sNømw. CXp-{]-Imcw cPn-Ã¿sNbvXn-
s√-¶n-epw, nb-a-]-c-ambn S∂ Hcp hnhm-l-Øns‚ nb-a-km-[pX
jvS-s∏-Sn-√.
9. lnμp-hn-hmlnb-a-{]-Imcw lnμpa-X-Øn--I-Øp-ff an{i hnhmlw
nb-a-km-[p-X-bp-f-f-Xm-Wv.
10. sslμ-hm-Nm-c-{]-Im-cw- b-Ym-hn[n k]vX-]Znt]mep-ff NS-ßp-I-
tfmsS S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ hnhm-l-ßƒt° nb-a-]-c-amb AwKo-Imcw
e`n-°p-I-bp-f-fp. (]-hn-{X-amb A·n°pNp‰pw h[q-h-c-∑m¿ Ggp-
]mZwhbv°p-∂-tXmsS hnhmlw ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p.)
Akm-[p-hm-Ip∂ hnhmlw
hfsc Kpcp-X-c-amb yq-X-I-fpff hnhm-l-ß-fmWv XpS-°-Ønte
Akm-[p-hmbn IW-°m-°p-∂Xv. `mcytbm, `¿Ømthm Pohn-®ncns°
S-°p∂ c≠mwhnhmlw, ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ _‘-Øn¬s∏-´-h-tcm-
k-]nWvUItfm XΩn-epff hnhmlw F∂nh Akm-[p-hm-bn-cn-°p-
∂Xpw ]¶m-fn-Iƒ°v `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-cpsS ]Zhn nb-a-{]-Imcw C√m-
Ø-Xp-am-Ip-∂p.
hnhm-l-Ønv h[q-h-c-∑m-cpsS kzX-{¥-amb a-x-kΩXw n¿_-‘-am-
sW∂n-cns° XnI™ am-kn-Im-tcmKyw C√m-Ø-htcm hnhm-l-Po-hn-

14
XsØ°pdn®v Nn¥n-®-tijw a-k-ΩXw ¬Ip-hm-p-ff am-kn-Im-
tcmKyw C√m-Ø-htcm, hnhml_‘-Øn¬ Pn-°p∂ Ip´n-Isf icn-
bmbcoXnbn¬ kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w am-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-an-
√m-Ø-htcm, NnØ-{`-aw, A]-kvamcw XpS-ßnb Akp-J-ßƒ°v hnt[-
b-cm-bn-´p-f-f-htcm ]¶m-fn-Ifmbn S-°p∂ hnhmlw Akm-[p-hm-Wv.
jWvUXzwsIm≠v ssewKn-I-_‘w k^-eo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ Zº-
Xn-Iƒ Akm-[p-hmb hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-ep-f-f-h-cmWv F∂v tImS-Xn°v
Xocp-am-n-°mw. `¿Øm-h-√mØ as‰m-cm-fn¬n∂pw `mcy hnhml ka-
bØv K¿`n-Wn-bm-sW∂v, `¿Ømhp-Xs∂ tImS-Xnsb t_m[y-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bm¬ B hnhmlw tImS-Xn- Akm-[p-hmbn {]Jym-]n-°pw.
_ew{]tbm-Kn-t®m, NXn-bn-eq-sS-tbm, `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øntbm Hcmsf
kΩ-Xn-∏n®v hnhmlwS-Øn-bm¬ Abm-fpsS kΩXw kzX-{¥-amb
a-t m-sS-b√ D≠m-bn´p-f-f-sX∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ B hnhmlw Akm-
[p-hm-°p-∂-Xm-W.v
hnhml]¶mfn Xs∂ h©n-®n-´p-≠∂v Bt£-]-ap-f-f-h¿ h©
I≠p-]nSn® XobXnapX¬ Hcp h¿j-Øn-p-f-fn¬ ]cn-lmcwtXSn tImS-
Xnsb kao-]n-°-Ww. ta¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´ GsXmcp kml-N-cy-Ønepw
Akm-[p-hm-°m-hp∂ hnhm-l-ßƒ tImS-Xn-bn¬n∂pw Akm-[p-
hm°ns°m≠p-ff hn[n-bp-≠m-Im-Øn-S-tØmfwImew km[p-hm-bn-cn-°p-
∂Xpw nb-a-]-c-ambn AwKo-Im-c-ap-≈Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.
Zmº-Xy-_‘w ]px-ÿm-]n-°m-p≈ Ah-Imiw
kv{Xo˛]pcpj kl-I-c-Whpw Hcp-an®p- Xma-kn-°epw ssewKn--I-
_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sepw hnhml_‘-Ønse auen--I-amb Bh-iy-am-
Wv. CXn-¿∞w hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-´-h¿ Hcmƒ as‰mcm-fpsS
kl-hm-k-Øn¬n∂pw AIm-c-W-ambn amdnn¬°-cp-sX-∂m-Wv.
lnμphnhmlnbaw hnhml]¶m-fn-I-fn¬ Hcmƒ as‰-bm-fpsS kl-
hm-k-Øn-p-ff Ah-Imiw ntj-[n-°-cp-sX∂v Ap-im-kn-°p∂p.
ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-fn-√msX kl-hmkw ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-bmƒ°v
hnhm-l-_‘w ]px-ÿm-]n®pIn´p-∂-Xnv tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-°p-hm-
p-ff Ah-Imiap-≠v. F∂m¬ ymb-amb Imc-W-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-am-
sW∂v kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ tImS-Xn°v ]cn-tim-[n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Zmº-Xy-_‘w ]px-ÿm-]n-°m≥ tImSXn DØ-c-hm-bn´pw Zº-Xn-am¿
XΩn-¬ ASp°pItbm DØ-chv Ap-k-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-s√-¶n¬ AXpw
hnhm-l-tam-N--Ønv Imc-W-am-Wv. Hcp- sIm√w Ign-bp-tºmƒam{Xsa
l¿-PnsImSp-°m≥ km[n-°q.

15
hnhmltam-Nw- tSm-p-≈ Im-cWßƒ-----
hnhm-l-_‘w ne-n¿Øn-s°m≠pt]mIm≥ F√m {ia-ßfpw S-
Ø-W-sa∂mWv lnμphnhmlnbaw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw aXn-
bmb Imc-W-ßƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ B Imc-W-ßƒsIm≠pXs∂
tImSXnapºmsI hnhmltamNw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah
Xmsg]dbp-∂-h-bm-Wv.
1) hnhml]¶m-fn-b-√mØ as‰mcm-fp-ambn ssewKn--I_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-
Sp-∂Xv hy`n-Nmcw F∂ sshhm-lnI Ip‰-Ir-Xyambn hyhÿ
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv `mcytbm `¿Ømthm kza--kmse
as‰m cm-fp-ambn ssewKnI_‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´m¬ as‰-bmƒ°v
hnhm-l-tam-N--Øn-mbn tImS-Xnsb kao-]n°mw
2) hnhml]¶m-fn-bpsS {Iqc-amb s]cp-am‰w : Hcm-fpsS Pohv A]-
I-S-I-c-am-bn-´p-f-f-tXm, a- n-tm, ico-c-Øntm lmn-I-c-am-bn-
´p-≈tXm Bb F√m-Øcw s]cp-am-‰-ßfpw {Iqc-X-bmbn IW-
°m-°p-∂p.
3) XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p h¿j-Øn¬ Ipd-bm-Ø-Im-e-tØ°v ]¶m-fnsb
Dt]-£n-®n-´p-≠m-hp-I.
4) `mcytbm `¿Ømthm lnμp-a-X-hn-izmkw Dt]-£n-°p-I.
5) NnIn-’n®p t`Z-am-°m-m-hmØ Xc-Øn-ep-ff NnØ-{`-ahpw XpS¿®-
bmbnhcp-∂tXm CS-bv°nsS hcp-∂tXm Bb am-knIm-tcm-Ky-
{]iv-ß-fpw D≠m-hp-I.
6) NnIn-’n®p t`Z-am-°m≥]‰m-ØXpw kv]¿in-®m¬ ]I-cp-∂-Xp-amb
IpjvT-tcm-Kw, ]I-cp∂Xc-Øn-ep-ff ssewKnI-tcm-K-_m-[ XpS-ßn
-b-h D≠m-bn-cn-°pI
7) euInIPohnXw Dt]-£n®v hn[n-{]-Imcw kymkw kzoI-cn-°p-I.
8) Ggp-h¿j-°mew XpS¿®-bmbn Hcp hy‡n-sb-Ip-dn®v Abmƒ Pohn-
®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ km[m-cWKXn-bn¬ Adn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ Bfp-Iƒ°v
bmsXmcp hnh-chpw C√m-Xn-cn-°p-I.
XpS¿®-bmbn Hcp sIm√-°mew th¿]n-cn™v Xma-kn-®-tijw
XpS¿∂pw Hcp-an®p-Pohn-°m≥ km[y-a-s√∂v c≠p-t]cpw Xocp-am-n-®m¬
D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Imcw tImSXnapºmsI hnhm-l-tam-Nw tXSmw. l¿Pn-
ka¿∏n®v 6 amk-Øn-p-ti-jw-am-{Xta hnhml-_‘w th¿s∏-Sp-Øn-
sIm≠v tImSXn Xo¿∏p-I¬∏n-°p.
th¿s∏´v Xma-kn-∏n-°¬
hnhm-l-tam-Nw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-sa-¶nepw ]¶m-fn-Iƒ°v Hcp-an®v Xma-kn-
°m≥ Ign-bmsXh∂m¬ Nne {]tXyI kml-N-cy-ßfn¬ tImS-Xn-bpsS
Ap-hm-Z-tØmsS th¿s∏´v Xma-kn-°mw. hnhm-l-tam-N--Øn-mbn

16
n¿t±-in-°-s∏´ Imc-W-ßƒXs∂-bm-Wv (-Pp-Uo--jy¬ sk∏tdj≥)
th¿]m-Snpw n¿t±-in-®n-´p-f-fXv. hnhml]¶m-fn-I-fpsS sshhm-lnI
IS-a-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw n›n-X-Im-e-tØ°v Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn
d±m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßfpw s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Ifpw ]cn-
l-cn®v tbmPn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.- AXn-mbn Hcp h¿jsØ
kabw I£n-Iƒ°v tImSXn DØ-c-hneqsS e`n-°p-∂p. Cu Ime-b-
f-hn¬ am-km-¥-cap-≠mbn ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ I£n-
Iƒ°v hnhm-ltam-N--Øn-mbn ho≠pw tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-°mw.
tImSXn
lnμphnhmlwkw_-‘n® tIkp-Iƒ tIƒ°mpw Xo¿∏pI¬∏n
°m-p-apff A[n-Imcw `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-sc∂ne-bn¬ Ah-kmambn
H∂n-®p-Xm-a-kn® ÿesØ Ip-Spw-_tIm-SXn-Iƒ°mWv.
-1. hnhm-lw- --S-Øn-b- ÿeapƒ-s∏´ A[nIm-c-]-cn-[n-bn-ep≈ IpSpw_-
tIm-S-Xn-bnepw FXn¿I£n GXp- IpSpw_tIm-S-Xn-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn-
emtWm Xmakw B tIm-S-Xn-bnepw l¿Pn ka¿∏n°mw.
2.- ap…ow hnhmlw
n°mlv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ap…owhnhmlw hnip-≤-amb Hcp DS-
ºSn-bm-Wv. Hcp knhn¬Icm-dns‚ coXn-bmWv ap…owhnhm-l-Øn-p-f-
fXv. kv{Xo˛]pcp-j-_-‘-Ønv nb-a-km-[pX ¬Ip-∂-Xnpw Ip´n-
Iƒ°v nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap-ff A[n-Imcw¬Ip-∂-Xnpw Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠p-
ff H∂mWv ap…owhnhm-lw. ap…ownbaw Ap-im-kn-°p∂ tbmKy-
Xbpw kzX-{¥-amb kΩ-Xhpw a‰v Ap-jvTm--ßfpw CXnv D≠m-bn-
cn-°-Ww.
n_-‘--Iƒ
hnhmlwIgn-°p-hm-p-ff {]m]vXn, hmKvZm-hpw˛kzoI-cn-°-epw,-
al¿ F∂n-hbmWv nbakm[p-X-bp-ff ap…owhnhm-l-Ønv n¿_-
‘-amb LS-I-ßƒ.
hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ kzX-{¥-amb kΩXw¬I¬ n¿_-
‘am-Wv. AXp ¬Im≥Ign-bmØhn[w NnØ-{`-a-tam, am-kn--Im-kzm-
ÿytam Df-f-h¿°v hnhm-l-I-cm-dn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bn-√. {]mb-
]q¿ØnsbØn-b-h¿°v (15 hb- v) hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Smw.
F∂m¬ 1978˛se ssii-h-hn-hmlntcm-[--n-baw Ap-k-cn®v Ct∏mƒ

17
C¥y-bn¬ ]pcp-js‚ hnhm-l-{]mbw 21 hb pw, kv{Xobp-tSXv 18
hb pw BWv. AX-√m-sX-bp-ff hnhmlw in£m¿l-am-Wv.
km£n-I-fpsS ap∂n¬h®v hnhm-l-Øn-p-ff n¿t±iw (AYhm-
hmKvZm-w)S-Øp-I-bpw B n¿t±iw adp-`mKw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw. Hcp-an-®ncp∂v, HtcÿeØv, HtctbmK-Øn¬sh®v hnfn®v
]d™v n°mlv Ap-jvTmw S-tØ-≠Xv n¿_-‘-am-Wv. hnhm-
l-Ønv F{Xbpw Bh-iy-amb LS-I-amWv al¿. ]pcp-j≥ kv{Xo°v
¬tI-≠-Xmbn n›-bn-°p∂ XpI-bmWv al¿. hnhm-l-k-abw AXp
apgp-h≥ ¬Ip-I-tbm, `mKn-I-ambn ¬Ip-Itbm BImw. `mKn-I-ambn
¬Ip-tºmƒ _m°n XpI kv{Xo-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ambn F∂pw ne-
n¬°pw. n°m-lnv {]mb-]q¿Ønbpw kvYnc-_p-≤n-bpap≈
]pcpj≥amcmb c≠v km£n-Iƒ n¿_-‘-amWv.
Ay-aXhn-`m-KØn¬-s∏´hsc Hcp- ap-k¬-am-v- hn-hm-lw- Ign-°m≥-
n-bakm-[p-Xbn-√.- ASp-Ø c‡_‘ap-≈h¿- XΩn-ep-≈ hn-hm-lhpw-
(Prohibited degrees of relationship) Htc AΩbp-sS ap-eIp-Sn-®v- hf¿-
∂ Ip-´n-Iƒ- XΩn-ep-≈ n-°m-lpw- (Fosterage) n-tcm-[n-®n-´p-≠v.- hn-
hm-l_‘w- sIm-≠p≠m-hp-∂ _‘p-°fp-am-bp-≈ (affinity eg: `m-cy-
bp-sS _‘p-°ƒ)- hn-hm-lhpw- n-jn-≤am-Wv.-
hn-hm-ltam-Nw-
C…m-an¬- hn-hm-ltam-Nw- aq-∂p-hn-[Øn-em-Wv.- `¿-Øm-hv- ap≥-
IsøSp-Øv- th¿-s]Sp-Øp-∂ hn-hm-ltam-Nam-Wv- Xem-Jv.- ]ckv-]cw-
kΩXtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- SØp-∂ hn-hm-ltam-NØn-v- Jp-em- AYhm- ap-
_m-dXv- F∂v- ]dbpw.- Cu- c≠v- hn-hm-ltam-Nhpw- tIm-SXn-bp-sS
CSs]S¬- Iq-Sm-sXbm-Wv- S°p-∂Xv.- F∂m¬- `m-cy- ap≥-IsøSp-Øv-
hn-hm-ltam-Nw- tXSp-tºmƒ- Jm-kn-bp-sS AYhm- tIm-SXn-bp-sS
CSs]S¬- thWsa∂v- n-_‘bp-≠v.-
Xem-Jv- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-hm-ltam-Nw- hm-sam-gn-bm-bpw- tcJm-aq-ehpw-
SØm-hp-∂Xm-Wv.- Xem-Jv- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-hm-ltam-Nw- SØp-tºmƒ-
AXv- c≠v- km-£n-Iƒ- ap-ºm-sI thWsa∂pw- Xm≥- Xs‚ `m-cy-bp-am-
bn- D≈ hn-hm-l_‘w- th¿-s]Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F∂v- kv-]jv-Sam-Ip-
∂ co-Xn-bn¬- hy-‡am-°n- D®cn-°p-Itbm- tcJm-aq-ew- Adn-bn-°p-Itbm-
sNtø≠Xm-Wv.-
Xem-Jv- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-hm-l_‘w- th¿-s∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv- aq-∂v- co-Xn-
bn¬- BImw.- `m-cy-bp-am-bp-≈ Xs‚ hn-hm-l_‘w- th¿-s]Sp-Øn-sb∂v-
km-£n- ap-ºm-sI D®cn-bv-°p-Ibpw- BbXn-v- tijw- Ahcp-am-bn- aq-
∂v- B¿-ØhL´w- hsc ssew-Kn-Iam-bn- _‘s∏Sm-sX am-dn-n¬-°p-
Ibpw- sNøp-∂tXm-sS Xem-Jv- ]q¿-Øn-bm-hp-∂p.- CXn-v- Xem-Jv- Blv-
k≥- F∂v- ]dbpw.-

18
Xs‚ `m-cy-sb hn-hm-l tam-Nw- SØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v- Hm-tcm-
B¿-ØhL´Øn-v- tijhpw- ]dbp-Ibpw- hn-hm-l_‘w- Xp-Scp-hm≥-
Xøm-d√ F∂v- L´w- L´am-bn- hy-‡am-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂ co-Xn-°m-
Wv- Xem-Jv- lk≥- F∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv.-
Jp¿- Bs‚- Aw-Ko-Im-cw- C√m-Ø as‰m-cp- co-Xn-bm-Wv- Xem-Jp¬-
_n-±Øv.- Xs‚ `m-cy-sb hn-hm-l_‘w- th¿-s∏Sp-Øp-tºmƒ- n-baw-
Ap-hZn-®p-X∂n-´p-≈ aq-∂v- B¿-ØhL´w- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ Im-ebfhv-
X∂n-jv-S{]Im-cw- Dt]£n-®p-sIm-≠v- bm-sXm-cp- hn-[Øn-epw- Cn- Xn-
cn-s®Sp-°n-√ F∂v- hy-‡am-°n-s°m-≠v- H‰bSn-°v- SØp-∂ Xem-Jm-
Wv- ap-Øem-Jv- F∂v- ]dbp-∂ Xem-Jp¬-_n-±Øv.-
hn-hm-l tam-NØn-v- aXn-bm-b Im-cWw- thWsa∂v- hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-
B≥- Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p.- hn-hm-ltam-Nw- SØp-∂Xn-v- ap-ºv- Ccp-`m-
KØp-n-∂pw- AXm-bXv- `¿-Øm-hn-s‚bpw- `m-cy-bp-sSbpw- ]£Øp-n-∂v-
Ap-cRv-PØn-v- {ian-°Ww.- F∂ hy-hÿ ]m-en-t°≠Xp-≠v.-
hn-hm-l tam-Nn-Xbm-b kv-{Xo- aq-∂v- B¿-ØhL´w- hsc hn-hm-lw-
Ign-°p-Itbm- a‰v- ]p-cp-jp-am-bn- ssew-Kn-I _‘Øn-te¿-s∏Sp-Itbm-
sNøcp-sX∂v- C…mw- Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p.- Cu- Im-eL´sØbm-Wv- C±m-
(Iddat) F∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv.- hn-hm-l tam-Nn-Xbm-b kv-{Xo- K¿-`n-Wn-bm-
sW¶n¬- Ahcp-sS C±m- Im-ebfhv- {]khw- htcbm-Wv.- C{]Im-cw-
n-iv-Nbn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv- hn-hm-l tam-Nn-Xbm-b kv-{Xo- K¿-`n-Wn-bm-tWm-
F∂v- Xn-´s∏Sp-Øp-∂Xn-pw- BsW¶n¬- {]khw- hsc Ahsc kw-
c£n-°p-∂Xn-pw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.-
ap-…owkv-{Xo-°v- hn-hm-ltam-Nw- e`n-°m≥- th≠ Im-cWßƒ-
˛ `¿-Øm-hn-s {Inan-¬tImSXn Gtgm- AXn-e[n-Iw- h¿-jtØt°m-
- Pbn¬hmk-Ønv in£n-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
˛ ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-fn-√msX `¿Ømhv aq∂v h¿j-tam -A-Xn¬
IqSp-Xtem Imew `mcy-bp-ambn ZmºXy_‘w]pe¿Øp-hm≥ hnk-
Ω-Xn-°p-Itbm Zmº-Xy-Po-hn-X-Ønse Xs‚ IS-a-Iƒ nd-th-‰p-∂-
Xn¬ ]cmPb-s∏-SpItbm sNøp-I.
˛ m-ep- h¿-jßfm-bn- `¿-Øm-hn-s∏‰n- bm-sXm-cp- hn-hchpw- C√m-
Xn-cn-°p-I.-
˛ hnhm-lka-bØpw AXnptijhpw XpS¿®-bmbpw `¿Øm-hnv
jWvU-Xz-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
˛ c≠p- h¿-j°m-eam-bn- `¿-Øm-hn¬-n-∂pw- sNehn-p- e`n-°m-Xn-cn-
°p-I.-
˛ c≠p h¿j-°m-e-ambn `¿Ømhv NnØ-{`-a-ap≈-hm-hp-I.- As√-
¶n¬ `¿Øm-hnv IpjvT-tcm-K-ap-≠m-hp-I-tbm, Xo{h-amb ssewKn-
I-tcmKw D≠m-hp-Itbm sNbvXm¬

19
˛ s]Ïp-ń°v 15 hb v XnI-bp-∂-Xnp-apºv c-£n-Xm-°ƒ Ah-
fpsS hnhmlw S-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ 18 hb v XnI-bp-∂-Xnp
apºmbn B hnhmlw Xnc-kv°-cn-°m-p-ff Ah-fpsS Ah-Imiw
( Option of puberty) D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.-
˛ IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ `¿Ømhv {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dpI.- Xmsg kq-Nn-∏n-
°p-∂ `¿Øm-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ {Ipc-X-bmbn hyhÿ sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
a) `¿Ømhv nXyhpw tZtlm-]-{Zhw sNøp-∂XpsIm≠v kl-hmkw
Zpcn-X-]q¿Æ-am-hpI
b) `¿Ømhv A]-b-i pff kv{XoI-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-∂Xp aqew
ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-°p∂ PohnXw bn-°p-I.
c) Akm-∑m¿-§n-I PohnXw bn-°p-hm-mbn `mcysb t{]cn-∏n-°pI
d) `mcy-bpsS kzØp-°ƒ nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn Aym-[o--s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xpw kzØp-°-fn¬ Ah¿°p-ff Ah-Im-ißƒ ssIIm-cyw-sNøp-
∂Xv- XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw.
e) `mcy-bpsS aX-hn-izm-k-Ønpw BNm-cm-p-jvTm--ßƒ°pw `¿Ømhv
XS wn¬°p-∂Xv
f) H∂n-e-[nIw `mcy-am-cp-ff ap…ow]pcp-j≥ GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mcysb
]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn¬ hnth-NwImWn-°pIbpw Xpey-]-cn-K-W
ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw [m¿ΩnIoXn-°-p-k-cn®v ]cn-]m-en-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
I-bpw sNøp-∂-Xv.
ta¬]d™ Imcy-ßƒ t_m[-n-∏n®v Hcp ap…owkv{Xo°v tImSXn
aptJ hnhm-l-tam-Nw tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ap…ow hnhmltamNn-X-bpsS Ah-Imi kwc-£W nbaw
1986˛se hnhmlap‡-I-fmb ap…owhn-X-I-fpsS Ah-Imi
kwc£WØnp-ff nb-a-{]-Imcw C± BN-cn-°p∂ImeØv ymb-
bp-‡-ambcoXn-bn¬ sNehve`n-°p-∂-Xnv hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-cmb
kv{XoIƒ°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv Xem°vsNm√n-b-sX-
¶n¬ Ipń-bpsS PwapX¬ 2 h¿j-°mew kwc-£-W-s®-ehv ¬I-
Ww. al-dns‚ Hmlcn ¬Im-p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah ¬I-Ww. hnhm-l-
k-a-bØpw AXnptijhpw Ah¿°v e`n-®n-´p-ff a‰v kzØp-°ƒ°pw,
kΩm--ßƒ°pw A¿l-X-bp-≠v. Ch IqSmsX as‰mcp hn-hmlwhsc-
tbm, acWwhscsbm Pohn-t°-≠-Xn-te°v Poh-mwiw IW-°m°n
¬I-Ww.
thsd hn-hmlwsNømsX Ign-bp∂ hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-bmb ap…ow
kv{Xo°v kz¥-ambn sNe-hp-I-gn-bp-∂-Xnv am¿§-an-s√-¶n¬ kwc-£-

20
W-Øn-mbn _‘p-°sf kao-]n-°mpw AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ hJ^v
t_m¿Uns kao-]n-°p-hmpw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.
tImSXn
ap…owkv{XoIƒ hnhm-l-tam-N--Øn-mbn AXXv Pn√-I-fn-ep≈
Ip-Spw-_tIm-SXn-IsfbmWv kao-]n-t°-≠-Xv. -ap…owhy‡nnb-a-{]-
Imcw ]n¬-Ime kwc-£WNn-ehn-mbn knhn¬tImSXnsbbpw- kao-
]n°mw.
hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-bpsS Ah-Im-i-kw-c-£-W-nbaa-p-k-cn®v Int´-
≠p∂ Bp-Iq-ey-ßƒ°v H∂mw-¢m v aPn-kvt{S‰v tImS-Xnsb BWv
kao-]n-t°-≠-Xv. C…m-an-I n-ba{]Im-cw- Zm-ºXy-_v-[w- ]p-x-kv-
Ym-]n-°m≥- Ip-Spw-_tIm-SXn-sbbpw- kao-]n-°mw.-
3.- {InkvXy≥ hnhml nbaw
{InkvXy≥ kap-Zm-bsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hnhmlw Hcp
Bbp-jv°me_‘-ambmWv hn`m-hwsNø-s∏-Sp∂Xv. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-
cpsS tXr-Xz-Øn¬ S-Øp∂ hnhmlw kv{Xo˛]pcp-j-∑msc Ah-
cpsS PohnX]¶m-fn-I-fmbn Atymyw Iq´n-tN¿°p-I-bm-Wv. ssZhm-
p-{K-l-tØm-sS-bp≈ NS-ßm-bn-´mWv AXns‚ k¶-ev]w.
C¥y-bn-ep≈ {InkvXym-n-Iƒ°v s]mXpsh _m[-I-amb nb-a-
amWv 1872˛se C¥y≥ {InkvXobhnhmlnb-aw. F∂m¬ CXv Xncp-
hn-Xmw-Iq¿`mKØv _m[-I-a-√. sIm®n-bn¬ {]tXyI nbaw Ct∏m-
gpw ne-hn-en-cn-°p-∂p. (Cochin Christian Civil Marriage Act,1920)
Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿˛sIm®n≥ `mK-ß-fn¬ {]tXyI nb-a-{]-Im-c-a√, adn-
®v, BNm-c-ßfpw Ap-jvTm--ß-fp-a-p-k-cn-®mWv, {][m--ambpw
hnhmlNS-ßp-Iƒ S-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ {InkvXy≥ hnhm-l-n-b-a-a-
p-k-cn-®mWv {InkvXym-n-I-fpsS hnhmlwS-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw, {]tXyI
hnhmlnba{]Imctam (Special Marriage Act) at‰m hnhmlw cPn-
Ã¿sNøp-∂-Xnv Cu nbawsIm≠v XS- -an-√. hnhm-l-_‘w nb-
a-]-c-ambn km[q-I-cn-°p-I, B hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ip´n-
Iƒ°v nb-a-]-c-amb AwKo-Im-c-ßƒ ¬IpI F∂-XmWv Dt±iyw.
Cu nb-a-Øn¬, hnhmlw S-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-
h¿ ]mXncn (Clergyman) aX-ip-{iq-j-I¿ (Minister of Religion)
As√-¶n¬ hnhmldPn-kv{Sm¿ F∂n-h-cm-Wv.

21
nb-a-Øn≥ Iogn¬ ssek≥kv ¬I-s∏´ aX-ip-{iq-j-I-∑m¿
S-Øp∂ hnhm-l-ßƒ
aXip{iq-j-I≥ hnhmlip{iqj S-ØW-sa∂v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw
Dt±-in-®m¬ AØcw aX-ip-{iq-j-Iv tcJm-aqew hnh-c-Ønv tmńkv
¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. tmó-kn¬ hnhm-l-Ønv Dt±-in-°p∂ hy‡n-I-fpsS
t]cv, ]q¿Æ-amb hnemkw, c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw Xma-k-ÿew, hnhmlw
S-tØ≠ ka-bhpw, ÿehpw a‰p hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßfpw Fgp-tX-≠-Xm-
Wv.
hnhmlw ]≈n-bn¬h®mWv S-Øm-p-t±-in-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, ]≈n-
bpsS {it≤-b-amb `mK-ß-fn-tem, As√-¶n¬ kzImcy Xmakÿe-
ØmWv S-Øm-p-t±-in-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ hnhmldPn-kv{Sm-dpsS Hmô-
kntem tmókv ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv. ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-gn-
™m¬, tmókpw {]Xn⁄m]{Xhpw Inń-b-Xnv kz¥w ssI∏-S-
bn¬ Hcp km£y-]{Xw ¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu k¿ń-^n-t°‰v ¬In
c≠p-amk-Øn-Iw hnhmlwS-Øn-bn-cn-°Ww
dPn-Ã¿ S-]-Sn-Iƒ
{InkvXym-n-IƒXΩn-tem, GsX-¶nepw Hcmƒ {InkvXym-n-bm-
bns°mt≠m S-°p∂ F√mhnhm-l-ßfpw cPn-Ã¿sNøWw.
hnhmlwSØns°mSp-°p∂ aX-ip-{iq-j-I≥, Cw•ojv]f-fn-bn-te-tbm,
tdma≥]f-fn-bnte-tbm, kvtImń-jv-]f-fn-bn-tetbm ]mXn-cn-amcn¬- Bcm-
bn-cp-∂mepw Ah¿ hnhm-l-c-Pn-Ã¿ kq£n-°p-Ibpw Ah-bn¬ nb-a-
Ønse ]ńI Ap-im-kn°pw{]Imcw hnhmlwS-∂Xv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw thWw.
hnhm-l-c-Pn-kv{Sm¿
Hcp hnhm-l-c-Pn-kv{Sm-dpsS km∂n-≤y-Øntem hnhm-l-c-Pn-Ãm-dpsS
ip{iq-j-bn-tem hnhmlwS-Ø-W-sa∂v Dt±-in-°p-∂-h-cn-sem-cmƒ
hnhmlwIgn-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-h¿ Xma-kn-®n-´p-ff Pn√-bnse GsX-
¶nepw Hcp hnhmlcPn-kv{Sm¿°v tcJm-aqew tmókv-sImSp-°p-I-bmWv
XpS-°-Øn¬ sNtø-≠-Xv. hnhm-ln-X-cm-tI≠ c≠p-t]cpw Xma-kn-
°p∂Xv hyXykvX Pn√-I-fn-em-sW-¶n¬ AØcw tmókv Hmtcm
Pn√-bn-sebpw hnhm-l-c-Pn-kv{Sm¿°v ¬I-Ww. tmó-kn¬ hnhm-lw-
sNøm-p-t±-in-°p∂ c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-t∏-cpw, {]hr-Ønbpw Xma-
k-ÿ-e-ßfpw hnhmlwS-Øm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ ÿehpw a‰pw hy‡-
am-°-Ww. Cßs-sbmcp tmókv e`n-®m-ep-Ss hnhm-l-c-Pn-kv{Sm¿
AXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-Ww. tmó-knse hnh-c-ßƒ hnhm-l-tm-ókv
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw hnhm-ln-X-cm-Im-pt±in-°p-∂-h¿

22
{]mb-]q¿Øn-bmIm-Ø-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ Pn-√bn-se a‰p hnhm-l-c-Pn-
kv{Sm¿am¿°v- tm-´o-kv- ]I¿-∏p-Iƒ- {]kn-≤o-IcWØn-m-bn- FØn-
t°-≠-Xm-Wv. n-ba]cam-b a‰p- XS ßƒ- C√m-sb ¶n¬- cPn-kv-{Sm¿-
¬-Ip-∂ k¿-´n-^n-°‰v- e`n-®v- c≠p-am-kØn-p-≈n¬- hn-hm-lw- cPn-
kv-{Sm-dp-sS ap-ºn¬-sh®v- c≠p- km-£n-Ifp-sS km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬- SØm-
hp-∂Xm-Wv.-
hnhm-l-tam-Nw
{InkvXy≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ nc-¥-c-amb Bhiyw ]cn-K-Wn®v hnhm-l-
tam-N--Ønv I¿i--amb hyh-ÿ-Ifp-≈ 1869˛se C¥y≥hnhm-l-tam-
Nnbaw 2001˛¬ t`Z-KXnsNbvXp. {InkvXym-n-I-fpsS hnhmltamN--
Ønv DZm-c-amb hyh-ÿ-IƒtN¿Øv ]cn-jvI-cn-®mWv hnhm-l-tam-
Nnbaw D≠m-°n-b-Xv. Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw Xmsg]d-bp-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ
Ds≠-¶n¬ hnhm-l-tam-N--Øn-mbn tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-°mw.
˛ hy`n-NmcwsNøp-I.
˛ aX-]-cn-h¿Øw S-Øp-I.
˛ hnhm-l-tam-N l¿Pn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xnv sXm´p-apºv Ipd-™Xv
c≠p-sIm√w XpS¿®-bmbn FXn¿I£n°v NnIn-’n-®m¬ amdmØ
am-knItcmKtam ssewKnItcmKtam NnIn-’n-®m¬ t`Z-am-ImØ
IpjvT-tcm-Ktam D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
˛ GgpsIm√-ambn FXn¿I-£nsb∏‰n- bm-sXmcp hnh-c-hp-an-√m-Xn-cn-
°p-I.
˛ Zmº-Xy-_‘w ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI
˛ ct≠m AXn¬Iq-Sp-Xtem h¿j-ß-fmbn hnhm-l-_‘w ]px--
ÿm-]n-°p-hm-p≈ tImSXn DØ-chv ]men-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.
˛ aXn-bmb Imc-W-an-√msX c≠ph¿jw XpS¿®-bmbn FXn¿I£n
th¿]n-cn™v Pohn-°p-I.
˛ Hcp-an®p-Pohn-°m≥ BhmØhÆw FXn¿I£n {Iqc-ambn s]cp-
am-dp-I. Iq-Sm-sX _em¬kw-Kw, {]IrXnhncp≤ ssewKnIIp‰ IrXy-
ßƒ F∂nhbv°p- Xs∂ hnt[-b-bm°n F∂m-tcm-]n®v `mcybv°v
`¿Øm-hn-s-Xnsc l¿Pn ka¿∏n°mw
D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Im-c-ap-ff hnhm-l-tam-Nw
c≠p h¿j-Ønp-ta¬ Pohn-X-]-¶m-fn-Iƒ th¿]n-cn™p Xma-kn-
°p-Ibpw hnhm-l-_‘w th¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥ c≠p-t]cpw Xocp-am--sa-Sp-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ D`-b-k-ΩX{]-Im-c-ap-ff hnhm-l-tam-N--Øn-mbn
Ah¿°v tImS-Xn-bn¬ l¿Pn ka¿∏n-°mw.
Akm-[p-hm-Ip∂ hnhmlw
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imc-W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ hnhm-l-_‘w
Akm-[p-hm°ns°m≠v tImS-Xn°v hn[n{]kvXm-hn-°mw.

23
1) hnhm-l-k-a-bØpw Akm-[p-hm-°m-p-ff l¿-Pn t_m[n-∏n-°p-
tºmgpw FXn¿I£n°v ssewKn-I-tijn C√m-Xncn-°p-I. (ssew-
Kn--I-_‘w ]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ ]‰m-Xn-cn-°p-I, a-x-]q¿Δw Zmº-Xy-_-
‘-Ønv Xøm-dm-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I, am-kn-Ihn{`m-¥n-bp-≠m-hp-I, XpS-
ßn-bh h‘y-Xz-ambn tImSXn n¿h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v.)
2) c‡-_-‘-ap-≈-h¿ XΩn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip-∂Xv-.-
3) hnhm-l-k-a-bØv aμ-_p-≤ntbm NnØ-{`-a-ap≈ Btfm Bbn-cn-°p-I.
4) `¿Øm-thm `mcytbm Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcmƒ as‰mcp hnhmlw
S-Øp-I.
5) hnhm-l-Øn-p-ff kΩXw Ccp-I-£n-I-fn-em-tcm-sS-¶nepw hmßn-bXv
_ew {]tbm-Knt®m I]-S-amtbm (hn-hm-l-k-a-b-Øp-ff K¿`w
Hfn®phbv°p-I, AYhm hnhmlwS∂ Imeb-f-hn¬ B¿Øhw
D≠mbn-s√∂ Imcyw ad®phbv°p-I) Bbn-cn-°p-I.
tImSXn
Cu nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap-ff ]cm-Xn-I-fpw, tIkp-Ifpw S-tØ-≠Xv
AXXv Pn√m IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bnem-Wv. hy‡n-Iƒ Fhn-sS-bmWv Ah-
km--ambn Xma-kn-®-Xv,- B {]tZ-isØ IpSpw_ tImS-Xn-bnepw l¿Pn
ka¿∏n-°mw.
4.- {]tXyI hnhml nbaw
(kv-s]jy¬- am-tcy-Pv- BIv-‰v-)-
PmXn-aX hyXym-k-ß-fn-√msX F√m C¥y≥ ]uc≥am¿°pw Hcp-
t]mse _m[-I-amb {]tXy-I -hn-hm-l-n-baw 1954˛¬ ne-hn¬ h∂p.
Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw k∫vdPnkv{Sm-¿Hmô-knse nb-an-Xm-b k∫vdPn-
kv{Sm-dmWv hnhmlHmô-k¿. C¥y≥ ]uc-Xz-ap-ff GsX-¶nepw Hcp
]pcp-jpw kv{Xo°pw XΩn¬ Cu nba{]Imcw hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip-∂-
Xnv XS- -an-√.
{]tXyI hnhmlnba{]Imcw hnhmlwsNøp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂
h[qhc∑m¿ Pn√-bnse hnhmlHmô-k¿°v n¿±njvS t^md-Øn¬
tmókv ¬I-Ww. c≠p-t]cn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcmƒ tmókv Xob-
XnsXm´v 30 Znhkwapºp-hsc Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Pn√-bnse Hmô-k¿
apºmsIbmWv tmókv ¬tI-≠-Xv.
tmókv ssI∏-‰nb DSs hnhmlBô-k¿ tmó-knse hnh-c-
ßƒ hnhmldPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw {]kvXpX tmó-kp-
IƒXs∂ Bôkv sd°m¿Up-I-fpsS `mK-ambn kq£n-°p-Ibpw
thWw. CXv- dPn-Ã¿ôkv -evImsX ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ GsXm-
cmƒ°pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

24
hnhmltmó-kns‚ Hcp ]I¿∏v Hmô-k¿ Imcym-e-b-Øns‚
GsX¶nepw`mKØv s]mXp-P--ßƒ°v ImW-Ø-°-co-Xn-bn¬ ]c-ky-
ambn {]Z¿in-∏n-°Ww. h[q-h-c-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ thsd Pn√-bn¬ ÿnc-
Xm-a-k-ap-ff Bfm-sW-¶n¬ tmókv kzoI-cn® Bô-k¿ {]kvXpX
Pn√-bnse Bô-k¿°v tmó-kns‚ Hcp tIm∏n Ab®psImSp-°p-
Ibpw, B Hmôk¿ AXv Xs‚ Imcym-e-b-Øn¬ s]mXpP-ßƒ
ImW-Ø°coXn-bn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n°pIbpw thWw.
tmó-kn¬ ]d-™n-´p-ff hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-ff hnhm-l-Ønv
Bt£]ap-≈ GsXm-cmƒ°pw tmókv ]ckywsNbvXv 30 Znh-k-
Øn-p-f-fn¬ Hmô-k¿apºmsI Bt£]w t_m[n-∏n-°m-hp∂XmWv.
{]tXyI hnhm-l-n-b-a-Øns‚ n_-‘--Iƒ°p- hncp-≤-am-bmWv
hnhmlwS-°p-∂sX∂v Nq≠n-Im-Wn®psIm≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww
Bt£]w¬tI-≠-Xv. nbaZr-jvSym Cu hnhmlw SØp-∂-Xn¬
Fs¥-¶nepw XS aps≠-¶n¬ A°mcyw t_m[n-∏n-°mw. CXn-s-Ip-
dn-®v hnhmlHmô-k¿ Atz-jWwS-Ø-Ww. Bt£]w
icnbs√∂pI≠m¬ nb-a-{]-Imcw hnhmlwSØn-sIm-Sp-°m-w.
n_-‘--Iƒ
1. -hn-hmlka-bØv ]pcp-jv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `mcytbm,
kv{Xo°v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `¿Ømthm D≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.
2.- hn-hm-l-Ønv kzX-{¥-amb a- -ΩXw n¿_-‘-am-sW-∂n-cn-s°,
AXnv Atbm-Ky-X-bp-ff atm-tcm-Kn-Iƒ°v hnhmlwsNøp-∂-Xnv
XS- -ap-≠v.
3. -a-- -ΩXw ¬Ip-hm-p-ff Ign-hp-f-f-h-cm-sW-¶nepw sshhm-lnI
IS-a-Iƒ nd-th-‰p-hmpw Ipń-Isf {]k-hn-°p-hmpw kwc-£n-°p-
hmpw Ign-hn-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn¬ atm-tcm-Kn-bm-sW-¶nepw hnhm-l-Ønv
Atbm-Ky-X-bp-≠v.
4.- Xp-S¿®-bmbp≈ NnØ{àw Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv.
5. -hn-hmlka-bØv hcv 21 hbpw h[p-hnv 18 hb pw ]q¿-Øn-
bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]¶m-fn-Iƒ nbaw ntcm[n-®n-´p-ff ASpØ c‡-_-
‘-Øn¬s∏´-h¿ Bh-cp-Xv.
tmókv ¬Inb{]Imcw, Hmô-k¿apºmsI, aq∂v km£n-I-fpsS
km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Hmô-kntem, at‰-sX-¶nepw ÿe-tØm-h®v
hnhmlwS-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXnptijw hnhmlHmô-k¿
hnhmlw dPn-kv‰¿sNbvXv k¿ń-^n-°‰v ¬Ip-∂-Xp-am-Wv.
a‰p hnhm-l-ßƒ dPn-kv-‰¿-sNøp-∂Xn-v-
{]tXyI hnhmlnba{]Imcw {]tXyIw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ff n_-
‘--Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn at‰sX-¶nepwXc-Øn¬ S-∂n-´p-ff hnhm-

25
lhpw dPn-kv‰¿sNbv-Xp- In-´m≥- Ah-Imiap≠v. AXn-m-bn-:
1.- I-£n-Iƒ c≠p-t]cpw dPn-kvt{S-jv At]-£n-°p-∂-Xnp ap≥]p-
Xs∂ hnhm-ln-X-cm-b-hcpw `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-cmbn Hcp-an®v Pohn-°p-
∂-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.
2. -c-≠p-t]-cn¬ GsXm-cmƒ°pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp `mcytbm,
Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ as‰m-cp `¿Ømthm D≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.
3. c≠p-t]-cn¬ BcpwXs∂ dPn-kvt{S-j≥ ka-bØv aμ-_p-≤ntbm,
atm-tcm-Kntbm Bbn-cn-°-cp-Xv.
4. cPn-kvt{S-j≥ ka-bØv c≠p-t]¿°pw 21 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-
°-Ww.
5. c≠p-t]cpw ]c-kv]cw ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ ASpØ c‡_‘-Øn¬
s∏´-h--cm-bn-cn-°-cpXv.-
6. hnhmlw cPn-kv‰¿sNøm-p-ff At]£ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Xob-Xn-°v
sXm´papºv 30 Znh-k-Øn¬ Ipd-bmØImew c≠p-t]cpw `mcym-`¿Øm-
°-∑m-cmbn hnhmlHm^o-k-dpsS A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bn¬s∏´ Pn√-bn¬
Xma-kn°p∂h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
Zm-º-Xy-_‘w ]px-ÿm]n-°m≥
{]tXy-I hn-hm-ln-ba{]Im-cw- hn-hm-ln-Xcm-bh¿-°v- hnhml]¶m-
fn-bp-ambn Hcp-an®p-Xma-kn-°p-hmpw ssewKn-I_‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-
hmpw nb-aw AhIm-iw- ¬-Ip-∂p.- hnhml]¶m-fn-I-fn¬
BcpwXs∂ as‰-bm-fpsS kl-hm-k-Øn-p-ff Ah-Imiw ntj[n°-
cp-Xv.- ymb-bp‡-amb bmsXmcp Imc-W-hp-an-√msX `mcym-`¿Øm-
°≥am¿ th¿]n-cn™p Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zmº-Xy-_‘w ]px-
ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂p-ImWn®v I£n-Iƒ°v tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-°mw.
hnhml tamNw :
nbaw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ff {]tXyI Imc-W-ß-fm¬ `mcyt°m
`¿Øm-hntm hnhmltamNw Ap-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏´v
IpSpw_tImS-Xn-bn¬ l¿Pn¬Ip-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.
Imc-W-ßƒ :
`mcytbm, `¿Ømthm kza-- mse hnhmltijw as‰m-cm-fp-ambn
ssewKn-I_‘-Øn-te¿s∏-SpI, hy`n-NmcwS-Øp-I, `mcym`¿Øm-°-
∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ as‰-bmfpsS kΩ-X-an-√m-sXbpw B{K-l-Ønp hncp-≤-
ambpw ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p h¿j-
°mew Dt]-£n®pt]mhp-I. C¥y≥ in£mnb-a-{]-Im-c-ap-ff GsX-
¶nepw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Ønv Ggp h¿j-tam, AXn¬IqSp-Xtem Imew
XShpin£-°p hn[n-°-s∏-´-bm-fmWv FXn¿I£n F¶nepw hnhm-l-

26
tam-Nw tXSmw.- FXn¿I-£n-bpsS {Iqc-amb s]cp-am‰w, NnIn¬kn®p
t`Z-am-°m-m-Im-ØXpw IpSpw_PohnXw Akm-≤y-am-°p∂Xc-Øn-ep-
≈-Xp-amb am-knIXI-cm-dp-Iƒ,- ]I-cp∂Xc-Øn-ep≈ ssewKnI
tcmK-ßƒ, NnIn¬kn®pt`Z-am-°m≥]‰m-ØXpw ]I-cp-∂-Xp-amb
IpjvT-tcmKw XpSßnb ]¶m-fn-bpsS AkpJw F∂n-hbpw hnhm-l-
tam-N--Øn-p≈ nb-a-]-c-amb Imc-Wßfm-Wv. Ggp-h¿jtam AXn¬
IqSp-Xtem Ime-ambn Bsf-°p-dn®v hnh-c-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw as‰mcp
Imc-W-am-Wv.
kv{XoIƒ°v {]tXyI Imc-W-ßƒ.
ta¬]d™ Imc-W-ßƒIqSmsX, `mcy°v Xm-sg]dbp-∂ Imc-W-
ß-fmepw- `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v hnhmltamNw tSmw.
˛ hnhmltijw `¿Øm-hv- _em¬kwKw, {]IrXnhncp≤
ssewKnI_‘w XpS-ßnb Ip‰IrXy-ßfn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn
t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬,
˛ `mcy°v Poh-mwiw Ap-h-Zn®psIm≠p≈ tImSXnn¿t±iw e`n®v
Hcp h¿j-Øn-p-≈n¬ ZmºXyw ]px-ÿm]n-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬,-
˛ ZmºXyw XI¿∂psh∂v c≠pt]¿°pw t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬, hnhml
tijw Hcph¿j-tam AXn¬IqSp-Xtem Imew thdn´pXma-kn®p
hcp∂ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Im-c-ap≈ hnhm-l-tam-N l¿Pn
tImS-Xn-bn¬ ka¿∏n°mw.
5.- Poh-mwi nb-a-ßƒ
Poh-mwiw (Maintenance) F∂ ]ZwsIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv
kwc-£Ww F∂m-Wv. kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xz-Ønv An-hm-cy-amb
Cu Bibw hfsc ]pcm-X--am-Wv. C¥y-bn¬ {Inan-¬S-]Sn{Iaw
125-˛mwhIp∏v F√maX-hn-`m-K-ßƒ°pw s]mXp-hm-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.
hnhml_‘wsIm≠p-≠m-hp-∂-XmWv ]pcp-js kw_-‘n®v `mcy-
sbbpw a°sfbpw kwc-£n-°m-p-ff Cu _m[yX. hnhm-l-tam-Nw
sNø-s∏´ `mcybpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-sa-¶nepw aXn-bmb Imc-W-ß-fn-√msX
`¿Øm-hns ]ncn™v Pohn-°p-∂-h-tfm hy`nNmc-hp-ambn S-°p-∂-htfm
Bb `mcybv°v `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v kwc-£-W-sN-e-hns‚ Ah-Im-i-an-√.
nbamp-krXa√msXbpff a°ƒ°pw sNe-hn--h-Im-i-ap-≠v. kzbw Hcp
hcp-am--an-√msX IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ hr≤-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw hcp-am--
ap-ff B¨a-°-fn¬nt∂m, s]¨a-°-fn¬ nt∂m Ah¿ hnhm-ln-X-cm-
sW-¶nepw As√¶nepw Poh-mwiw Bh-iys∏Smw.
Poh-mwiw F∂-Xn¬ `£-Ww, hkv{Xw, ]m¿∏n-Sw, hnZym-`ym-k-
s®-eh,v sshZy]-cn-tim-[-, acp∂v, Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e- -sN-e-hp-Iƒ,
Ch Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Pohn-°m-p-ff ASn-ÿm-m-h-iy-ß-fmWv CXn-

27
epƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Imewapgp-hpw `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v Poh-mw-i-
Ønv `mcy°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smw.- F∂m¬- `¿Øm-hns‚IqsS Xma-kn-
°p-hmpw Zmº-Xy-Po-hn-X-Ønse Npa-X-e-Iƒ n¿Δ-ln-°p-hmpw Xøm-
dm-I-Ww. am-kn-I-tam, imco-cnItam Bb -]oUw, sh∏m-ńsb h®n-
cn-°p-I, as‰mcp hnhmlwIgn-°pI XpS-ßnb aXn-bmbImc-W-ß-fp-
s≠-¶n¬ Poh-mwiw Bhiy-s∏Sp-∂Xn-v- `¿Øm-hns‚IqsS Xma-
kn-°-W-sa-∂n-√.
lnμp nbaw
lnμp ZsØ-Sp-°¬ kwc-£Wnbaw (HinduAdoption and Main-
tenance Act, 1956) {]Imcw kv{Xo°v `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v Poh-mwiw
Ah-Im-i-s∏Smw. kzbw sNehp-S-Øm≥ kztØm hcp-am-tam
C√mØ GsXmcp lnμpkv{Xo°pw `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v Poh-mwiw Bh-
iys∏Smw
Pohn-X-Imewapgp-h≥ lnμp`mcy°v `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v Poh-mwiw e`n-
°m-p-ff A¿lX nbaw Ak-μn-KvZ-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. Xmsg]d-
bp∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ `mcy `¿Øm-hn¬n∂v th¿]n-cn™v Xma-kn-
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬t]mepw Poh-mwiw e`n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bp-≠v.
˛ AIm-c-W-am-bpw `mcy-bpsS kΩ-X-an-√m-sXbpw Dt]-£n-°p-I, ax-
-]q¿Δw Ah-K-Wn-°p-I.
˛ `¿Øm-hns‚ {Iqc-amb s]cp-am‰waqew `¿Øm-hn-tm-sSm-Øp-ff
PohnXw km[y-am-ImsX hcn-I. (am--kn-I-hpw, imco-cn-I-hp-amb
]oU-w, `mcy-bpsS Btcm-KysØ _m[n-°p∂ S-]-Sn-Iƒ, `¿Øm-
hn-s‚bpw _‘p-°-fp-tSbpw ax-]q¿Δ-ap-ff nμn-°p∂ s]cp-am-‰-
ßƒ, `¿Ømhv ax-]q¿Δw kwt`m-K-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°¬ XpS-
ßnbh.
˛ `¿Øm-hnv as‰mcp `mcy D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-tbm, ITn--amb IpjvT-
tcm-Kw_m[n-°p-ItbmsN-bvXm¬ `mcy°v {]tXyI ]m¿∏nSwXs∂
Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.
˛ Htc hoń¬ sh∏mń D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-tbm sh∏m-ń-bp-ambn ÿnc-
ambn as‰-hn-sS-sb-¶nepw Xma-kn-°p-I-tbm- sN-øp-I.
˛ `¿Ømhv lnμp-aXw Dt]-£n-°p-I.
˛ `¿Xr-Kr-l-Øn-e-√m-sX-bp-ff Xma-ksØ ymboI-cn-°m≥ km[n-
°p∂ Imc-W-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.
aIs‚ `mcy°v Poh-mwiw
Cu nba{]Imcw acn®pt]mb aIs‚ `mcysb A—≥ Poh-
mwiw¬In kwc-£n-°-Wsa∂v n_-‘--bp-≠v. `¿Ømhv acn-
®m¬ `¿Øm-hns‚ A—v hcp-am--ap-s≠-∂pw hn[-hbv°v kzbw
kwc-£-W-Ønv hI-sbm∂pan-s√∂pw- hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `¿Øm-
hns‚ A—-n¬n∂v (aIs‚ hn-[-h-bv°v) Poh-mwiw Ah-Im-i-
s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
lnμphnhmlnba{]Imcw ZmºXy_‘-ß-fn-ep-≠m-hp∂ Fs¥-

28
¶nepw {]iv-ß-fn¬ tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ nen¬°p∂ tIkp-Iƒ S-
Øp∂Xn-mbpwa‰pw, oXn Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-mbn tImS-Xn-bn-ep-≠m-hp∂
sNe-hp-Iƒ¬Im≥ FXn¿I-£ns°Xnsc hn[n ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥
tImS-Xn°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw kwc-£Ws®ehv e`n-
°p-∂-Xnv knhn¬tImS-Xn-sb-bmWv kao-]n-t°-≠-Xv.
Ip´n-Iƒ°pff Poh-mwiw
nb-a-]-c-amtbm A√m-sX-tbm- D-≈ F√ma°-sfbpw ( Legitimate
and illegitimate children) Xs‚ PohnXImeb-f-hn¬ sNe-hnv
sImSpØv kwc-£n-t°≠ _m[yX Hcp lnμp-hn-p-≠v. AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ nb-a-]-c-am-tbm A√m-sX-bp-fftXm
Bb a°ƒ°pw Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬n∂v Poh-mwiw Ah-
Im-i-s∏-Smw.
hnhmlwIgn-™n-´n-√mØ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb aIƒ°pw amXm-]n-
Xm-°-tfmSv Poh-mw-i-w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smw.
acn-®p-t]mb Hcp lnμp-hns‚ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°v- acn-®-bm-fpsS
`mcysb kwc-£n-t°≠ _m[y-X-bp-≠v.
lnμp ZsØSp-°¬ Poh-mw-i nb-a-{]-Imcw hr≤cpw ncm-ew-_-cp-
amb amXm-]n-Xm-°-sf-bpw c≠m--Ω-tbbpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
ap…ow nbaw
ap…ow hy‡nnb-a-a-p-k-cn®v `mcysb kwc-£n-t°≠ _m[yX
`¿Ø-m-hn-m-Wv. `¿Øm-hn¬n∂pw Poh-mwiw Ah-Im-i-s∏Smw.
F{XXs∂ [n-I-bpw hcp-am--ap-f-f-h-fp-amWv `mcy F∂mepw Ign-hn-
√m-Ø, Btcm-Ky-an-√mØ, ]W-an-√mØ `¿Øm-hns kwc-£n-t°≠
_m[yX Ahƒ°n√. F∂m¬ F{Xam{Xw [n-I-bm-sW-¶nepw `mcy°v
PohnXsNehv ¬Im≥ `¿Øm-hnv _m[y-X-bp-≠v. {]mb-]q¿Øn-
sb-Ønb Zmº-Xy-_-‘-Ønse n_-‘--Iƒ ]men-°p-∂ Ap-k-c-
W-t°tSm- Im]-Sytam- C√mØ Hcp ap…ow`mcy°v,- `¿Ømhv
F{XXs∂ ncm-ew-_-m-sW-¶nepw kwc-£-Whpw sNehpw ¬tI-
≠Xv nb-a-]-c-amb IS-a-bm-Wv.
Zmº-Xy-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-Im-Ø-h-tfm,
`¿Øm-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm≥ AIm-c-W-ambn Xm¬]-cy-°pdhv ImWn-
°p-∂-htfm, Ap-k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn-°p-∂-htfm, AIm-c-W-ambn `¿Xr-
hoSv Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h-tfm, ]c-]p-cp-j-_-‘-ap-f-f-htfm BsW-¶n¬
`¿Øm-hn¬n∂pw Poh-mw-iwe`n-°m≥ `mcy°v A¿l-X-bn-√.
`¿Øm-hns‚ `mKØpn∂pw ncp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]-c-amb S-]-Sn-Iƒ
(tam-i-amb s]cp-am-‰w, c≠mwhnhm-lw) h√Xpw D≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
B ka-bØv `mcy°v {]tXyI Poh-mwiw ¬Ip-sa∂v `¿Øm-hpw,
`mcybpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°fpw- XΩn¬ Hcp Icm-dn-se-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv. F∂m¬ Icm-dn¬ `mcybv°v Poh-mw-i-Øn--h-Im-i-an√ F∂v
n_-‘hbv°p-∂Xv nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv.
`¿Ømhv c≠mw`mcysb BZy-`m-cy-bpsS ASp-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-

29
cp-∂Xpw am-kn-I]oU--ßƒ°v hgn-sh-°p-sa-¶n¬ `mcy°v {]tXyI
]m¿∏nSw Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. `¿Ømhv Ahsf {]tXyI hk-Xn-bn¬
]m¿∏n®v kwc-£n-°m≥ nb-a-]-c-ambn _m[y-ÿ-m-Wv.
ap…ow kv{Xo (hn-hml tamN kwc-£-Wm-h-Im-iw) nbaw
]m¿-esa‚ v- ]m m-°nb Cu nbaw Xem°psIm≠v hnj-a-ß-f-
p-`-hn-°p∂ ap…owkv{Xo°v hen-sbm-c-p-{K-l-am-Wv. hnhml ka-
btØm AXn-tm-S-p-_-‘n-t®m AXnptij-tam e`n-® hkv-Xp-
hlIƒ- C±m-Øv- Ime-b-f-hn-te-°p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ, `mhn-kwc-£-W-
Øn-te-°mbn samØ-amb XpI, _m-°n- In-´m-p-≈ al¿ F∂nh bmWv
{]kvXpX nb-a-Ønse 3˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw hnhmltamNn-X-bmb
ap…owkv{Xo°v ap≥`¿Øm-hn¬ n∂pw e`n°phm-p≈ Bp-Iq-ey-
ßƒ.
samgn-sNm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `mcy K¿`n-Wn-tbm, AX-s√-¶n¬ c≠p
hb- n¬Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ipń-bpsS AΩtbm BsW-¶n¬ Ipń°v
2 hb vhsc ape-bq-´p-∂-Xn-∂mbn {]tXyI Bp-Iqeyw samgn-sNm-√-
s∏´ `mcy°v ¬Ip-hm≥ ap≥`¿Øm-hnv _m[y-X-bp-s≠∂v Cu
nbaw Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p.-
]c-kv]c[mc-W-bn-tem, `¿Øm-hns‚ CjvS-Øn-tm, ap…ow hnhm-
ltamN nba{]Im-ctam,- samgn-sNm-√-s∏´ `mcy°pw Cu nb-a-{]-
Im-c-a-p≈ Bp-Iq-ey-ßƒ e`n-°p-hm≥ A¿l-X-bp-s≠∂v hnhn[
tImS-XnIƒ hn[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. `¿Øm-hns‚ kmº-ØnIÿnXn,
Ccphcpw Hcp-an®v Pohn-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-bn-cp∂ PohnXne-hm-cw,
IpSpw_alna F∂nh ASn-ÿm--am-°n-bmWv hIp∏v 3˛se Bp-Iq-
ey-ßƒ tImSXn n›bn-°p-∂Xv. BZy hnhmltamN--Øn-p-tijw
c≠mwhnhmlwIgn® kv{Xo°v Cu nba{]Imcw Bp-Iq-ey-ßƒ
e`n-°p-sa-¶nepw `mhnkwc-£W sNe-hnv Ah¿°v A¿l-X-bp-≠m-
bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.
hnhmltamNnX-bmb kv{Xo H∂mw¢m v aPn-kvt{S‰vtImSXn
apºmsI Cu nb-a-a-p-k-cn®v l¿Pn¬In-bm¬ FXn¿I-£n°v
tmó-k-b-°p-Ibpw Ccp-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw hmZ-ßƒ tI´tijw sXfn-
hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ XpI n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. XpI
¬Ip-hm≥ `¿Ømhv Xøm-dm-ImØ]£w Pbn¬in£ Ap-`-hn-t°-
≠-Xpam-Wv. Aßs `¿Øm-hn¬n∂pw Poh-mwiw e`n-°mØ Hcp
kv{Xo°v, Ah-cpsS G‰hpwASpØ _‘p-°-fn¬n∂v sNe-
hnp¬Ip-hm≥ tImS-Xn-tbmSv At]-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. IpSpw-_mw-
K-ßfpw ncm-ew-_-cm-sW-¶n¬ kwÿm hJ^v t_m¿Uv B
kv{XobpsS kwc-£Ww Gs‰-Sp-°-W-sa-∂mWv nbaw Ap-im-kn-
°p-∂-Xv. HcpXc-Ønepw Hcp kv{Xobpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-SmsXt]mh-cp-
sX-∂XmWv Cu nb-a-Øns‚ Xmev]cyw-.
Xem°vvsNm√-s∏´ kv{Xo°v GXpka-bØpw Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw
Bp-Iq-ey-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂-Xn-mbn H∂mw¢m v aPn-kvt{S‰v tImS-Xn-
tb-tbm As√-¶n¬ AXnv A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb tImS-Xn-tbtbm

30
kao-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI Ime-]-cn[n njv°¿jn-®n-ń-√.
a°-fpsS Poh-mwiw
inip-°sf sNe-hp-sNbvXpsIm≠v kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv ]nXm-hm-
Wv. hnhmlwIgn-bp∂Xphsc s]ä-°-sfbpw, {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-
Ip∂Xphsc Bä°-sfbpw kwc-£n-t°≠ _m[yX ]nXm-hn-p-X-
s∂bmWv. IqSmsX hn[-h-tbm hnhm-l-tam-Nn-Xtbm Bb aI-sfbpw
Ip™n-sbpw kwc-£n-t°-≠Xpw ]nXm-hns‚ IS-a-bm-Wv. F∂m¬
Xs‚IqsS Poho-°m≥ {]tXyI Imc-W-sam∂pwIqSmsX hnk-Ω-Xn-
°p∂ {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ aI-sbpw Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb aI-sfbpw
kwc-£n-°m≥ ]nXm-hnv _m[y-X-bn-√.
amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kwc-£-Ww
kmº-Øn-I, enwKt`Zs-a-ty n¿≤--cpw ncm-ew-_-cpamb amXm-
]n-Xm-°sf kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv a°-fpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v
Ipd-s®m-s° -k-ºm-Zn-°m≥ km[n°pw F∂XpsIm≠p-am{Xw a°-fpsS
_m[yX C√-Xm-hp-∂n-√.
{InkvXy≥ nbaw
{InkvXymnIƒ°v {]tXy-I-ambn Poh-m-wi-n-b-a-an√. ]s£,
A-h¿°pw Inan-¬S-]Sn{IaØnse 125˛mw hIp∏v _m[IamsW∂v
ap≥]v kqNn-∏n-®p-h-t√m.
S-]-Sn-{Ia-ßƒ
{Inan-¬S-]Sn{Iaw hIp∏v 125 {]Imcw Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-t°-
≠Xv IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-Ifp-≈ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xnbnepw
A√mØ]£w PpUo-jy¬ H∂mw¢mkv aPn-kvt{S‰vtImS-Xn-bnepw
BWv. hy‡nnb-a-ßfp-k-cn-®p-ff l¿--Pn-IfpsS S-]-Sn-{Iahpw
CXpXs∂. F-∂m¬ ap…owkv{Xo (hn-hmltamN kwc-£-W-n-
baw)1986 {]Imcw H∂mw¢mkv- aPn-kvt{S‰vtImS-Xn-bnemWv l¿Pn
ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xv.
IpSpw_ tImSXn
Hcp {]tXyI {]tZ-itØ°p-th≠n, IpSpw-_-tIm-SXn nbaap-
k-cn®v ÿm]n-°s∏´-XmWv IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn. Pn√mPUvPn-bpsS dm¶p-
≈ -PpUo-jy¬ Hmô-k¿ Bbn-cn°pw IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS A≤y-
£≥. sshhm-lnIX¿°-ß-fn-ep-ff F√mtIkp-Ifpw Cu tImS-Xn-
bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬hcpw (ap…ow hnhmltamNnX kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-
ißƒ HgnsI) Hcp hy-Iv-Xn°v tcn´v IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ l¿-Pn
evImw. tImS-Xn-bpsS n¿t±i{]Imcwam{Xta IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬
h°o-e-∑m¿ lmP-cm-hm≥]mSp-f-fq. H∂mw¢mkv PpUo-jy¬ aPo-kvt{S-
‰ns‚ AtXA[n-Im-c-tØmsSbmWv CØcw tIkn¬ IpSpw_tImS-
Xn-bpsS DØ-c-hp-I-ƒ.

31
Hcp {]mhiyw DØ-c-hmb sNe-hns‚ XpI Imem-p-kr-X-ambn At]-
£-bpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬, ]cn-ÿnXn-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v am‰w hcp-Øm≥
tImS-Xn°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.- Hcp {]mhiyw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® DØ-chv as‰mcp
DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. thdn´p-
Xma-kn-°p∂ sNehv e`n-°p-hm-mbn l¿Pn ¬Inb `mcy°v Ap-Iq-
e-amb hn[n e`n-®m¬, `¿Øm-hn-tm-sSm∏w ho≠pw Xmakw Bcw-`n-®m¬
tcsØ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ hn[n kzbw Zp¿_-eam-hp-I-bn-√.
125˛mw hIp∏p-{]Imcw H∂mw-¢mkv aPn-kvt{S‰v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂
Hcp DØ-c-hnp-ta¬ A∏o-en-√. F∂m¬ B DØ-c-hn¬ AXr-]vXn-
bp-ff I£n°v skj≥kvtImS-Xn-bntem, sslt°m-S-Xn-bntem dnhn-
j≥ l¿-Pn sImSp°mw AXp-t]mseØs∂ IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬
n∂p-ff DØ-c-hnp-tasebpw dnhn-j≥l¿-Pn- sIm-Sp°mw,-- A∏o-en-√.
]nW-ßn-∏ncn™ Zº-Xn-Isf cay-X-bn-em-°m≥ Iu¨kn-e-nßv kwhn-
[m-hpw IpSpw_tImS-Xn-bn¬ D≠v. Iu¨knenßnptijta tIkp-
I-fn¬ sXfn-sh-Sp-°m≥ tImS-Xn-°p-I-gn-bq.
S-∏n-em-°¬
hn[n-bpsS ]I¿∏v l¿-Pn-°m-cv tImS-Xn-bn¬n∂v kuP-y-ambn
e`n°pw. 125˛mwhIp∏v {]Imcw Hcmƒ°v Ap-Iq-e-ambn hn[n Bbm¬
AXv S-∏n-em°n-°n-´p-∂-Xn-mbn tImS-Xnsb kao-]n°mw.-
FXn¿I£n hnkΩ-Xn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abm-fpsS kzØv I≠p sI´p-
∂-Xnpw, FXn¿I£nsb Pbn-e-n-eS-bv-°p-hmpw AXnv hmd≠v ]pd-
s∏Sp-hn-°mpw A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. 125˛mw hIp∏v {]Imcw Ap-h-
Zn®pIn´p∂ XpI Hcp h¿j-Øn-IwXs∂ tImSXnapJm-¥ncw Bh-
iy-s∏-´n-√m-sb-¶n¬ {]kvXpX Ime-b-f-hn-te-°p-≈ XpI l¿-Pn-°m-
cn°v jvSwhcm-n-S-bm-Ipw.
Cßs 125˛mwhIp∏v {]Imcw At]£ ka¿∏n®v DØ-chv ]pd-
s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥ sshIp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, tIkvS-°p-∂-Xn-n-S-bn¬
Xmev°m-en-I-ambn l¿-Pn-°m-cn°v sNe-hnp-¬Ip-∂-Xn-mbn tImS-
Xn°v DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. Xm≥ ]m-∏-cm-sW∂v FXn¿
I£n-bpsS hmZwsIm≠v Poh-mwiwsImSp-t°≠ _m[yXbn¬ n∂v
tImSXn Abmƒ°v Cfhp¬-In-√. 500 cq]-bn¬Ihn-bm-Ø XpI ¬I-
W-sa∂ n_-‘ t`Z-KXnsNbvX-tXmsS Poh-mw-i-XpI F{X-sb∂v
hn[n-°m≥ tImS-Xn°v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v. I£n-bpsS [-ÿn-Xnbpw Pohn-
X-n-e-hm-chpwa‰pw ]cn-K-Wn®v Hcp XpI Nne-hnv¬I-m≥ tImS-Xn°v-
DØ-c-hn-Smw.
6.- hnhmlkw_-‘-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ
nb-a-]-c-ambn hnhmlwIgn-°msX Hcp kv{Xosb `mcybmsW∂p-
]d™v hniz-kn-∏n®v IqsSXma-kn-∏n®v ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-
Sp∂Xv- ]pcp-j≥am¿°v ]Øph¿jwhsc XShpw ]ngbpw in£ e`n-

32
°m-hp-∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
`¿Øm-thm, `mcytbm Pohn-®n-cnt° as‰mcp hnhmlwIgn-°p-∂Xv
7 h¿jwhsc XShv e`n-°m-hp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv. -]t£ CXp ap…ow
]pcp-j≥am¿°v _m[-I-a-√. BZyhnhmlw ad-®p-sh-®p-sIm-≠v,
c≠mwhnhmlw Ign-°p-∂Xp ]Øp-h¿jwhsc XShpw ]ngbpw e`n-
°m-hp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
nb-a-km-[pX Cs√-∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠p- Xs∂ h©n-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-
iy-tØmsS kXy-hn-cp-≤-ambn hnhmlwsNøp-∂Xv 7 h¿jw XShpw
]ngbpw e`n-°p∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
Hcp kv{Xobp-ambn Ah¿ as‰m-cm-fpsS `mcy-bm-sW∂dn™p-
sIm≠pXs∂ ssewKnI_‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv 5 h¿jw XS-thm,-
]n-gtbm c≠pwIqSntbm e`n-°m-hp-∂- Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
hnhm-ln-X-cmb kv{Xosb Ah-cpsS `¿Øm-hn-¬n∂v AI-‰n-n¿Øn
Ahn-ln-X-thgvNS-Ø-W-sa∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS XS-™p-sh-°p-∂Xpw
C¥y≥ in£m-n-baw 498 {]Imcw c≠p-h¿jw-hsc XSthm ]ngtbm
c≠pwIqSntbm e`n-°m-hp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
Hcp kv{XotbmSv `¿Ømthm `¿Øm-hns‚ _‘p-°sfm {Iqc-X-
tbmsS s]cp-am-dp-∂Xv in£m¿l-am-Wv. Bﬂ-l-Xy-bn-te°v bn-°m-
hp∂Xc-Øn¬ S-Øp∂ ]oUhpw,- nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn ]Wtam
kzØp-h-Itbm Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v S-Øp∂ D]-{Zhhpw {Iqc-X-
bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Spw. C¥y≥ in£mnba{]Imcw CØcw Ip‰-
Ir-Xy-Ønv tIsk-Sp-°mw.
kv{Xo[ ac-Ww.
hnhm-lnX-bmbn Ggp h¿jØn-Iw kv{Xo[hp-am-bn- _v-
[s∏t´m- kv-{Xo-[w- Bhiy-s∏´p-sIm-t≠m- `¿Øm-hn-s‚sbm `¿Øm-
hns‚ _‘p-°-fp-sStbm ]oU-tam, {Iqc-amb s]cp-am-‰tamaqetam
Hcp kv{Xo Xos]m-≈-tet‰m at‰-sX-¶nepwXc-Øn¬ ico-c-Øn¬ apdn-
tht‰m AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ Akm-[m-cW kml-N-cy-Øntem ac-W-s∏-´m¬
`¿Øm-hnpw Sn-bm-s‚ _‘p°ƒ°p-sa-Xnsc kv{Xo[ac-W-sa∂ Ip-
‰Øn-v- tIsk-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXv- C¥y≥ in£m-nbaw 304 _n
hIp-∏p-{]Imcw Ggp h¿j-Øn¬ Ipd-bm-sXbpw, Poh-]-cy¥w hsctbm
XShp-in£ e`n-°m-hp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv.
C¥y≥ in£mnbaw 306-˛mwhIp∏p{]Imcw Hcp hy‡nsb Bﬂ-
l-Xy°v bn-°p-∂-Xv ]Øp h¿jwhsc XShpw ]ngbpw e`n-°m-hp-∂-
Ip‰-am-Wv.
K¿`w Ae-kn-∏n-°¬ XpS-ßnb Ip‰-ßƒ
DØ-a-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn K¿`n-Wn-bmb kv{XobpsS Poh≥ c£n-
°p-hm≥th≠n-b-√msX tkz—bm K¿`w Ae-kn-∏n-°p∂ H-cmƒ°pw aq∂p
h¿j-tØmfw BIm-hp∂ shdpwXS-hntm ITn-X-S-hntm in£n-°-
s∏-Sm-hp-∂Xpw AXnp]pdsa Abmƒ°p ]ng-in-£bpw ¬I-s∏-Sm-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. B kv{Xo Po-hp-≈ K¿`-ÿ-in-ip-hn-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-fm-sW-¶n¬

33
XShpin£ Ggp h¿j-tØmfw BIm-hp-∂Xpw AXnp]pdta ]ng-in-
£-IqSn D≠m-Im-hp-∂-Xpam-Wv. Xs‚ K¿`w kzbw Ae-kn-∏n-°p∂
kv{Xobpw C{]-Im-c-ap≈ in£bv°v A¿l-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. C°m-
cy-ßƒ hyh-ÿ-sN-bvXn-´p-≈Xv 312-˛mw hIp-∏n-em-Wv.
ta¬∏-d™{]Imcw K¿`w Ae-kn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kv{XobpsS kΩXw
IqSm-sX-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp- sN-øp∂ GsXm-cmfpw Poh-]-cy¥w XS-
hp-in-£bvt°m ]Øp-h¿jwhsc- shdpwXS-hntm ITnXS-hntm
in£n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂Xpw AXnp-]pdsa ]ng-in-£-bpw D≠mIpw F∂v
313-˛mwhIp-∏n¬ ]d-bp-∂p.
K¿`w Ae-kn-∏n-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-iyØm-Sp-IqSn kv{XobpsS acWw kw`-
hn-°p∂ GsX-¶nepw {]hrØnsNøp∂ GsXm-cmfpw ]Øp-h¿jwhsc-
bm-Im-hp∂ shdpwXS-hntm ITnXS-hntm in£n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-h-bm-
Wv. {]kvXpX {]hrØn kv{XobpsS kΩXwIqSm-sX-bm-sW-¶nepw ta¬∏-
d™ in£ e`n°mw. Xm≥sNøp∂ {]hrØn ac-W-Øn-n-S-bm-°n-
tb°msa∂v {]hr-Øn-sN-øp∂ Bfnv Adn-bn-s√-¶n¬t]mepw B
{]hrØn Ip‰-I-chpw in£m¿l-hp-am-bn-cn°pw 314-˛mwhIp-∏n-emWv ta¬∏-
d™ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv.
GsX-¶nepw inip-hns‚ P--Øn-p-apºv, GsX-¶nepw {]hrØn
sNøp∂Xp-hgn AXp Poh-tmsS ]nd-°p-∂Xp XS-b-W-sat∂m Pn-
®-tijw acn-°m-n-S-bm-I-W-sat∂m D≈ Dt±-iy--tØm-Sp-IqSn B
{]hrØnsNøp-Ibpw AXns‚ ê-ambn inip Poh-tmsS ]nd-°p-
∂Xp XS-bp-Itbm Pn®tijw acn-°m-n-S-bm-°p-Itbm sNøp∂
GsXm-cm-fpw, B {]hrØnsNbvXXv DØahnizmk]q¿hw amXm-hns‚
Poh≥ c£n-°p-hm≥th≠n A√m-Ø-]-£w, ]Øp-h¿jwhsc-bm-Im-
hp∂ shdpwXS-hntm ITnXS-hntm ]ng-in-£bvt°m As√-¶n¬
c≠pwIqSnb in£bv°v hn[n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv F∂v 315˛mw h-Ip-
∏n¬ hyhÿsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
Ip‰-I-c-amb c-lXybmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[y-X-bp≈
]cnXx-ÿnXn-bn¬ sNbvX GsX-¶nepw {]hrØnaqew Ne--ap≈
K¿`ÿinip-hnv acWwkw`-hn-∏n-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw ]Øp-h¿j-
tØm-f-am-Im-hp∂ shdpwXS-hntm ITnXS-hntm in£n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-
∂-Xp-amWv F∂v 316-˛mwhIp-∏n¬ ]d-bp-∂p.
Hcp inip-hns‚ tZlw, B inip acn-®Xv ]nd-°p-∂-Xn-p-aptºm
]nd-°p-∂-Xn-p-ti-jtam ]nd-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmtgm Bbmepw cl-
ky-ambn ssIsbm-gn-bp-Ihgn, B inip-hns‚ Pw ax-]q¿Δw Hfn-
®p-h-bv°p-Itbm Hfn-®p-h-bv°m≥ {ian-°p-ItbmsNøp∂ GsXm-cmfpw
c≠p-h¿jwhsc-bm-Im-hp∂ shdpwXS-hntm ITnXS-hntm
]ngbvt°m XS-hp-w ]n-gbpwtN¿∂ in£bvt°m A¿l-m-bn-cn°pw-
F∂v 318-˛mw hIp-∏n¬ hyhÿsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
]{¥-≠p-h-b- n¬Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ipńsb AXns‚ ]nXmthm
kwc-£W®pa-X-e-bp≈ Btfm AXns ]q¿Æ-am-bpw Dt]-£n-°-
W-sa∂ Dt±-i-y-tØm-Sp-IqSn Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ssIhn-ń´vt]mIp∂

34
]£w Ahƒ°v/Abmƒ°v Ggp-h¿jwhsc-bm-Im-hp∂ shdpw XSthm
ITnXSthm ]ng-in-£tbm e`n°mw. XShpw ]ngbpw IqSn-t®¿∂
in£bpw e`n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw Ac-£n-X-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬
hnń´vt]mIp-∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn Ipń -a-cn®pt]mbm¬ sIme-]m-X-I-
°p-‰-Øntm Ip‰-I-c-amb c-l-Xyt°m hnNm-cWsNø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-
Xm-Wv. 317-˛mw hIp-∏n-emWv Cu hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-°-s∏-´-Xv.
1984˛¬ Cu n-b-aØnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ I¿i--am-°n-s°m≠v
t`Z-K-Xn-sN-bvXp.
kv{Xo[ ntcm-[ nbaw
kv{Xo[k{º-Zm-bsa∂ kmaqlyhn]-Ønv AdpXnhcp-Øp-hm≥
1961˛¬ kv{Xo[ntcm-[nbaw (The Dowry ProhibitionAct 1961)
ne-hn¬h-∂p. BXy-¥n-I-ambn kv{Xo[w sImSp-°p-∂Xpw
hmßp∂Xpw XS-bp-I F∂ Dt±-iy-ap≈ Cu nb-a-Ønse hIp-∏p-
Iƒ°v {]mtbm-KnI cq]w¬Inb tI{μk¿°m¿ 1985˛¬ kv{Xo[
ntcm-[nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ N´-ßfpw n¿Ωn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
(The Dowry Prohibition (Maintenance of lists of presents to the bride
and bride groom Rules, 1985.)
kv{Xo[w˛n¿h-Nw
hnhm-l-_-‘-Ønse Hcp]£w adp-]-£-Øntm hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip∂
hy‡n-I-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm a‰p-hy-‡n-Itfm hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip-∂-
h¿t°m a‰p-hy‡n-Iƒt°m hnhmlka-btØm AXnp ap≥t]m
]n≥t]m hnhm-lm-p-_-‘n-bmbn ¬I-s∏-Sp∂ kztØm (Property)
hne-a-Xn-°p∂ ]{X-ß-tfm, (valuable security) tcnt´m ]tcm-£-
amtbm evIp-∂Xns-bmWv kv{Xo[w F∂ ]ZwsIm≠v hnh-£n-
°p∂Xv.
ap…ow hy‡nnb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬hcp∂ al¿ AYhm Uh¿
Cu n¿h-N--Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂n√
hnhmlw Imc-W-ambn ka-b-]-cn-[n-bn-√msX ssIam‰wsNø-s∏-Sp∂
]Wtam kztØm aqey-h-Ømb hkvXp-°tfm Cu n¿hN--Øns‚ ]cn-
[n-bn¬hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, Cu n¿Δ-Nw XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ hIp-∏nse
n›-b-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øv hmbn-s®-¶nte ]q¿Wam-Iq.
nb-a-Ønse in£-Iƒ
kv{Xo[w hmßp∂Xpw evIp-∂-Xpw, hmßp-hmpw evIp-hmpw
t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw kv{Xo[w Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw nb-a-Øn¬ Ip‰-
I-c-am-Wv.
Hcp n›nX XpItbm B`-c-W-ßtfm `qkztØm sImSp-°m-sa-
∂p≈ hmKvZm--amWv Hcmsf hnhm-l-Ønv kΩ-Xn-∏n-°p-∂sX-¶n¬
AXv-- kv{Xo-[--am-Wv.

35
kv{Xo[w
kv{Xo[-w- sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv nba-hn-cp-≤-am-sW-¶nepw Xn-°p≈
Ah-Imiw kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kv{Xo[-am-bn- hm-ßn-b- kz-Øp-°ƒ
3 amk-Øn-Iw h[p-hnv ¬In-bn-s√-¶n¬ in£m¿l-amb Ip‰-amWv
hnhm-ln-X-m-Ip∂ k¿°m¿ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ kv{Xo[w hmßn-bn-®n-
s√∂ kXy-hm-Mvaqew Xs‚ ]nXmhv, `mcy, `mcym-]n-Xmhv F∂n-h-
cpsS km£y-]-{X-ßƒ-s°m∏w taep-tZym-K-ÿv ka¿∏n-°Ww F∂-
p-im-kn-°p∂ ]pXnb N´-ßƒ cq]-s∏-SpØns°m≠v kwÿm--
k¿°m¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.-
1. kv{Xo[wsImSp-°p-∂Xpw hmßp-∂Xpw AXnv t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw
Ip‰-I-camWv A©p-h¿j-Øn¬ Ipd-bmØ XS-hpw ]Xn--øm-
bncwcq]-bn¬ Ipd-bm-ØtXm kv{Xo[--Øns‚ aqeytam GXmtWm
IqSp-X¬ A{Xbpw XpI ]ng-bn--Ønepw in£ hn[n°mw.-
2. tcnt´m ]tcm-£-am-tbm, h[p-hn-s‚tbm hc-s‚tbm amXm-]n-Xm-
°-tfmtSm _‘p-°-tfmtSm c£m-I¿Øm-hn-tmtSm kv{Xo[w
Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv in£m¿l-am-Wv. Cu Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Ønv 6 amk-
Øn¬ Ipd-bm-ØXpw c≠vh¿jwhsc ofm-hp-∂Xpamb XS-hpw,
]Xn-m-bncw cq]hsc ]ngbpw hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Cu c≠-h-k-c-Ønepw G‰hpwIpd™ in£ F{X-bm-sW∂v nP-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬t]mepw aXnbmb Imc-W-ßƒ hn[n-ym-b-
Øn¬ tN¿Øv XShpin£ CfhpsNøm≥ AXmXv tImS-Xn-Iƒ°v
A[n-Im-c-ap≠vv. a‰v kml-N-cy-ß-sf√mwIqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-
tºmƒ Cu nb-a-Øns‚ Bp-Iqeyw D]-tbm-Kn®v n›-bn-®n-´p≈
G‰hpw Ipdhv XShp-in£mka-b-tØ-°mƒ Ipd™ in£ hn[n-
°m≥ tImS-Xn°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠mbn-cn-°pw.
hnhm-l-k-a-bØv h[p-hntm hctm evIs∏-Sp∂ kΩm--ßsf
kv{Xo[--Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v F∂m¬ Cn-
]-d-bp∂ n›-b-ßƒ ]men-°-s∏-´m¬am{Xta Cu Hgn-hp-e-`n-°q.
1. kΩm--ßƒ Ah-Im-i-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xm-I-cpXv (Demand)
2. kv{Xo[ntcm-[nb-a-Øn≥Iogn¬ D≠m-°-s∏-´n´p≈ N´-ßƒ
{]Imcw kΩm--ßƒ tN¿°p-∂-Xn-mbn n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´n-´p≈
enÃv kq£n-®n-cn-°-Ww.
3. h[p-hnp-th≠ntbm, h[p-hn-tmSp- _‘-ap≈ Bsc-¶n-eptam
Iogv-S-∏-p-k-cn-®p≈ (customary) evI-s∏-tS≠ kΩm--ß-fpsS
t{iWn-bn¬s∏tS-≠-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
4. CØcw kΩm--Øns‚ aqeyw, sImSp-°p∂ BfptStbm B¿°p-
th-≠n-bmtWm sImSp-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv Ah-cp-sStbm, kmº-Øn-I
kml-N-cy-Ønv Bp-]m-Xn-I-a-√mØ Xc-Øn-em-I-cp-Xv.

37
`m-Kw- ˛ c≠v-
{In-an-¬- n-baßƒ-

38
1.- Hcp {Inan-¬tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂Xpw
Nm¿÷p sNøp-∂Xpw Fßns
t]meokv Hcp tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXm¬ AXv Atz-jn®v Nm¿÷v
tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm°n hnNm-c-Wbv°v k÷-am-°p-∂-Xn-p≈ S-]-Sn-
{I-a-ßƒ {Inan-¬ S-]Sn nb-a-Øn¬ ]{¥≠mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-
]m-Zn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂p. kzImcy Aym-b-ßƒ°pw t]meokv Nm¿÷v sNøp∂
tIkp-Iƒ°pw shtΔsd S-]Sn {Ia-ß-fmWv n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp
tIkv Nm¿÷p-sNbvXv hnNm-c-W-s°-Øp-∂-Xp-hsc hfsc k¶o¿Æhpw
n›n-X-hp-amb Nne --S-]-Sn-{I-a-ßƒ ]men-bvt°-≠-Xp-≠v.
F^v.-sF.-B¿
CXv Hcp tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn-p≈ BZy--S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. F^v.-
sF.-B¿ F∂p-≈Xv BZy-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ As√-¶n¬ BZy-am-
bn- e`n-bv°p∂ hnh-c-Øns‚ dnt∏m¿´v F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ Npcp-°-
t∏-cm-Wv.
t]meo-knv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv Atz-jn-°m-hp-∂Xpw (Cognizable)
A{]-Imcw cPn-Ã¿ sNøm≥ nhr-Øn-bn-√m-ØXpw (Non-
Cognizable)F∂p c≠phn[-ambn tIkp-Isf Xcw Xncn-®n-cn-bv°p-∂p.
tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv Atz-jn-°m-hp∂ tIkp-Ifpw A√mØhbpw
GsXm-s°-sb∂v {Inan--¬ S-]Sn nb-a-Øns‚ Ap-_-‘-ambn
tN¿Øn-´p≈ ]´nI bn¬ {]tXyIw hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v.
t]meoknp cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp∂ Hcp Ip‰IrXyw S-∂-Xmbn tcJm-
aq-e-amtbm A√m-sXtbm Hcp t]meokv tÃj-n¬ hnhcw e`n-bv°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B k-abw tÃj≥ Nm¿÷n-en-cn-bv°p∂ Npa-X-e-s∏´
DtZym-K-ÿ≥ AX-t∏mƒXs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, Aßs tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Ønb hnh-c-ßƒ Abm-sf hmbn®p tIƒ∏n®v t_m≤y-s∏-SpØn
H∏p-Sp-hn®p hmßn-°p-Ibpw thWw. AXn-s‚ ]I¿-∏v- hn-hcw- ev-In-
b Bƒ-°v- ku-Py-am-bn- sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw- thWw.- CXmWv B tI-
kns‚ F^v.-sF.-B¿ F∂ tcJ. Cßns tcJs∏SpØp∂Xns‚
hnhcw cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-bv°Ww F∂pw AtX-Xp-S¿∂v tIkv
cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXn-cn-°Ww F∂p-≈Xpw t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿs‚ IS-
a-bm-∂v.- Hcp sSe-t^m¨ sat -Pv, Iºn-hm¿Ø Chbpw km-lNcy-
ßfp-kcn-®v- F.I.R Bbn ]cn-K-Wn®v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂pw nbaw

39
Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p. Ip‰-IrXyw sNbvX-h-cpsS t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw
Cs√-¶n¬t]mepw tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. km-lNcy-ßfp-
kcn-®v- F.I.R tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnv hn-hcw ¬Ip-∂-bm-fnv kw-`-h-sØ-
∏‰n tcn-´p≈ Adnhv D≠m-bn-cn-bv°-W-sa-∂n-√.
Hcp tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp Ign-™m¬ DS≥Xs∂ tIkns‚ Atz-
jWw XpS-tß-≠-Xm-Wv. kw`-h-ÿew kμ¿in®v th≠ Atz-j-W-
ßƒ S-Øp-Ibpw XpS¿∂v Ip‰-hm-fnsb AdÃp sNøp-∂-Xnp≈
S-]-Sn kzoI-cn-bv°pbpw thWw.
F∂m¬ t]meo-knv tIkv FSpØv Atz-jWw S-Øp-∂-Xnv
A[n-Im-c-an-√mØ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-amWv tÃj-n¬ dnt∏m¿´p sNø-s∏-Sp-
∂-sX-¶n¬ B hn-hcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw aPn-kvt{S-ńs‚ tcJm-
aq-e-ap≈ Ap-hmZw hmßn°gn™v tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv Atz-
jWw S-Øm-w-.- A{]-Imcw Atz-jWw Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬
B hn-hcw DS≥Xs∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-sØ-∏‰n tÃj-n¬ hnhcw ¬Ip-
∂-bm-fns tcJm-aqew Adn-bn-®n-cn-°-Ww. F∂p-am-{X-a√, tae-[n-Im-
cnsb B hn-hcw Adn-bn-°p-I-bpw thWw. Aßns tIsk-Sp-°m-sX-
bn-cp-∂m¬ taep-tZym-K-ÿpw B hn-hcw tImS-Xnsb [cn-∏n-®n-cn-°-
Ww. tImS-Xn°v B hn-h-csØ∏‰n kzbw Atz-jn-°pItbm Xs‚
Iogn-ep≈ as‰mcp PpUo-jy¬ aPn-kvt{S-ńs sIm-≠v Atz-jn-∏n-
°p-Itbm sNømw.
Hcp t]meokv tÃj-n¬ e`n-bv°p∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy -hnh-csØ-∏‰n
S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-bv°p-∂-Xnv t]meo-k-[n-Imcn Xøm-dm-bn-s√-¶n¬
Ip-‰-Ir-XysØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ hnh-c-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-SpØn tIkv Atz-
jWw XpS-cp-∂-Xnv t]meo-kp-tZym-K-ÿt-mSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xnv.-
aPn-kvt{S-ńv A[n-Imcw D≠v.
tIk-tz-jWw
tIkv tcJm-aqew cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w tIkns‚ Atz-
jWw Gs‰-SpØv S-Øp-∂-Xnpw a‰pw t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿv A[n-
Im-c-ap≠v. Cu tIknse kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bm-sa∂pw Adn-bm≥
km≤y-X-bp-s≠∂pw ImWp-∂ -B-tcbpw tIk-tz-j-W-Øn-p-th≠n
tmó-k-b®p hcpØn tNmZyw sNbvXv sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xnv
Atz-j-tWm-tZym-K-ÿv A[n-Imcw D≠v-. Aßns t]meokv Bh-
iy-s∏-´m¬ tÃj-n¬ lmP-cmbn sXfn-hp-¬Im≥ Xøm-dm-Im-Ø-h-
cpsS t]cn¬ t{]mkn-Iyq-j≥ S-]-Sn- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnpw Atz-j-tWm-
tZym-K-ÿv A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ kv{XoIsfbpw, ]Xn-©p hb-
n¬ Xmsg am{Xw {]mb-ap≈ Ip-ń-Itfbpw A{]-Imcw tmó-k-b®p
hcp-Øm≥ ]mSn√.- Aßns sNbvXm¬ AXv nb-a-ew-L--am-bn -I-W-
°m-°W-sa∂v μnn kXv]-Xn-bpsS tIkn¬ kp{]ow tImSXn hn[n-
®n-´p-≠v.

40
C{]-Imcw lmP-cm-Ip∂ Bfn-tmSp tIknse kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n
tNmZn®v tÃ‰vsa‚ v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xnv Atz-j-W D-tZym-K-ÿv A[n-
Im-c-ap-≠v.
161-˛mw hIp∏v Ap-k-cn®v t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂
tÃ‰p-sa‚n¬ km£n-sb-s°m≠v H∏n-Sp-hn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. B km-
£nsb hnkvX-cn-°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ B tÃ-‰p-sa‚np hncp-≤-ambn
tImS-Xn-bn¬ samgn-¬Ip-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B samgn`mKw Abm-fpsS
{i≤-bn¬s∏-SpØn Abmsf FXn¿°p-∂-Xnv am{Xta AXp-]-tbm-
Kn-°mhq. t]meo-kn-p -sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ samgn-bn¬ F¥p-]-d-™n-
cp-∂mepw AXp tImSXn kzoIm-cy-amb sXfn-hmbn AwKo-I-cn-bv°p-
I-bn-s√∂p am{X-a√ B Im-c-Ww-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Abmƒ ]c-kv]-c-hn-
cp-≤-ambn tÃ‰p-sa‚p ¬Ip∂p F∂v hcp-Øn-Xo¿°p-∂-Xnpw Abm-
fpsS tÃ‰vsa‚ v ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnpw km[n-°pw.
C{]-Imcw t]meo-kp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ samgn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnv
bmsXm-cp -{]-tem-`--ßfpw kzm[o-hpw {]tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√.
tIk-tz-j-W-Øn-nsS Hcp {]Xn- Ip‰kΩ-X-samgn ¬Ip-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ AXp tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnv 164˛mw hIp-∏-p-k-cn®p aPn-kvt{S-
´ns kao-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp tUmIvSdpsS ASptØm DØ-c-h-mZ--
s∏´ Hcm-fpsS ASptØm sImSp-°p∂ Ip‰-k-Ω-X-sam-gnbpw {]kv‡-
amb sXfn-hmbn IW-°m-°pw. aPnkvt{S-´mWv A{]-Imcw samgn tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-¶n¬ samgn ¬Ip-∂-Xnpapºv ho≠p-hn-Nm-c-Ønv
Abmƒ°v Ah-kcw ¬Ip-Ibpw, B tÃ-‰p-sa‚ns‚ nb-a-km-[pX
Abmsf _m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, A{]-Imcw Hcp tÃ‰p-sa‚ v kzta-[bm
¬Ip-∂-XmtWm F∂v t_m≤yw hcp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.
tIk-tz-jWthf-bn¬ tÃ‰p-sa‚ v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xnpw sXfnhv
Is≠-Sp-°p--∂-Xnpw th≠n tim[-sNbvXv (Search) sXfnhv Is≠-
Sp-°p-∂-Xnpw Atz-j-W DtZym-K-ÿv A[n-Im-c-ap≠v. AXn-p-
th≠n sk¿®v hmd≠v tImS-Xn-bn¬ n∂pw hmßp-∂-Xnpw Atz-
j-tWm-tZym-K-ÿv S-]-Sn- kzo-I-cn-°mw. A{]-Imcw S-]-Sn- kzo-I-
cn-°p-∂Xv Ime-Xm-akw hcp∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ sXfnhp in-∏n-°m-sX-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te-°mbn Hcp satΩm Xø-dm°n tImS-Xn°v Ab®
tijw sXc-®n¬ S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
tIk-tz-j-W-Øn-p-th≠n `mc-X-Ønp shfn-bn¬ t]mIp-∂-Xnpw
tImS-Xn-bpsS Ap-a-Xn- hm-ßm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Atz-j-W-Øn-nsS Hcp- Ip-‰-hm-fnsb Ad-Ãp- sN-bvXm¬ Ccp-]-
Øn-m-ep- a-Wn-°q-dn-Iw Abmsf tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-°n-bn-cn-
°Ww. Ad-Ãns kw_-‘n®v kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS am¿§-n¿t±-i-
ßƒ ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww. Pmayw sImSp-°m-hp∂ tIk-s√-¶n¬ {]Xn°v
14 Znh-k-tØ°v tImSXn dnam‚ v Ap-h-Zn-°pw. AXn-nsS tIk-tz-
j-W-Ønmbn Abmsf tImSXn Ap-hm-Z-tØmsS t]meo-kv I-Ã-
Un-bn¬ hmßm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

41
A{]-Imcw dnam‚p sNøp-∂-bm-fns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Ip‰w ]Øp-sIm-
√-Øn¬ IqSp-Xtem Poh-]-cy-¥tam in£ e`n-°m-hp∂ H∂m-sW-¶n¬
sXmÆq-dp- Zn-h-k-Øn-Iw Nm¿÷p lmP-cm-°n-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬ tImS-Xn-
bn¬ n∂pw Abm-sf kz¥w Pmay-Øn¬ hn´-b-°-Ww.
C{]-Imcw S-Øp∂ AtzjW-Øn¬ HcmfpsS ta¬ Nm¿÷p- sIm-
Sp-°-Ø° Ip‰w shfn-hm-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ tImS-Xn-bn¬
lmP-cm-Im-sa-∂p≈ hyh-ÿ-bn¬ Abmsf hn´-bbvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-°p∂ Nm¿÷n¬ {]Xn-bpsS ta¬hnemkw,
Ip‰-Øns‚ kz`mhw, km£n-I-fpsS ta¬hn-em-khpw hnh-c-ßfpw
F∂nh AS-ßn-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXp-Iq-SmsX F√m dn°m¿Up-I-fp-sSbpw
]I¿∏p-Ifpw {]Xn°v ¬Ip-∂-Xnv th≠n lmP-cm-°p-Ibpw thWw.
174-˛mw hIp-∏-p-k-cn®v Hcp acWw Bfl-l-Xy-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-
p≈ S-]-Sn-Iƒ t]meokv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßƒ tcJ-
s∏-SpØn t{]X-hn-Nm-cWbpw sXfn-sh-Sp∏pw S-ØpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-
°Ww. Bfl-l-Xytbm Zpcq-l-a-c-Wsam B-sW-¶n¬ AtX-∏‰n sXfn-
sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-p≈ A[n-Imcw Unkv{Sn-Iv‰v (F-Ivkn-Iyp-óhv) aPn-kvt{S-
ń-m-Wv.
kzImcy Aymbw ^b-en¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xnpw hnNm-cW sNøp-
∂-Xnpw D≈ S-]-Sn-Iƒ hyXy-ÿ-am-Wv.
2.- AdÃv, Pmayw
ssZw-Znw tI´pw I≠pw ]cn-N-bn® Hcp ]Z-amWv Ad-Ãv. t]meo-
kn-p-t]m-epw ]e-t∏mgpw nb-a-hn-t[-b-amb Ad-Ãn-p-ti-j-ap≈ S-]-
Sn-Iƒ icn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ Adn-bn√ F∂p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. Adkv-‰v- F∂m¬- ssIhn-eßWn-bn-°¬- F∂√ A¿-∞w.- Adkv-
‰p- sNøs∏tS≠bm-fn-s‚ tZlØv- kv-]¿-in-®v- ""Xm-¶ƒ- Adkv-‰p-
sNøs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p''- F∂v- Adkv-‰p- sNøp-∂ t]m-eo-kp-tZym-Kÿ≥-
]d™m¬- AXv n-bam-p-kr-Xam-b Adkv-‰m-Wv.- Adkv-‰p-
sNøs∏´bmƒ- Hm-Sn- c£s∏Sp-hm≥- km-[y-Xbp-s≠¶n-tem- a‰p- kp-
c£m- Im-cWßfm-tem- am-{Xta ssIhn-eßv- AWn-bn-°m≥- ]m-Sp-≈q.-
AdÃpw IÃ-Unbpw sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°m-hp∂ kam--X-I-fp≈ ]Z-ß-fmWv.
CXv ]e-t∏mgpw amdnbpw adn®pw D]-tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcmsf
IÃ-Un-bn-se-Sp-Øm¬ am{Xw Abmƒ Ad-Ãn-em-hp-I-bn-√. IÃ-Un-bn-
se-SpØ Bfns ]e-t∏mgpw Znh-k-ß-tfmfw Aßs Xs∂ kq£n-
®-Xn-p-ti-j-amhpw t]meokv Ad-Ãn-epƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I. CXv nb-a-hn-t[-
b-a√ CØ-c-Øn¬ nb-a-hn-t[-b-a-√mØ IÃUn kq£n-∏p-Iƒ IqSp-
X¬ hym]-I-am-Ip-∂-Xmbn t_m[y-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ΩpsS ]c-tam-
∂X oXn-]oTw 1997-˛¬ Ad-Ãns kw_-‘n® Nne I¿i n¿t±-i-
ßƒ Hcp hn[n-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ ¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. B am¿§-n¿t±-i-

42
ßƒ Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.
Ad-Ãn-p≈ A[n-Imcw ¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv {Inan-¬ S-]Sn
nb-a-Øn-emW.v {Inan-¬ S-]Sn nbaw A©mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ 41
apX¬ Adp-]-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ hIp-∏p-Iƒ Ad-Ãn-s-∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-
∂p. t]meo-knv tIkv cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ Ip‰w
sNbvX (Cognizable offence) Hcm-sftbm A{]-Im-c-ap≈ Ip‰w sNbvXn-
cn-°m-n-S-bp-s≠∂v ymb-ambn kwi-bn-°m-hp∂ Hcm-sftbm
t]meokptZymK-ÿv AdÃp sNøm-hp-∂Xm-sW∂pw AXnv tImS-
Xn-bpsS hmd‚ns‚ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw {In.-.n 41-˛mw hIp-∏n¬ ]d-bp-
∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ `h--t`-Z--Ønv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ Bbp-[-
km-a-{Kn-Iƒ ssIh-i-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcm-sfbpw ÿncw Ip‰-hm-
fn-bmb Hcm-sfbpw tImS-Xn-bpsS hmd-≠p -Iq-SmsXXs∂ t]meo-knv
Ad-Ãp-sN-øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kmbp-[-tk--bn¬n∂v Hfn®v t]m∂ Hcm-
sfbpw, Ih¿®-ap-X¬ ssIhiw kq£n-®n-cn-°p∂ Bsf-bpw, Ad-Ãp-
sN-øp-∂-Xnv hmd-≠ns≥d Bh-iy-an-√. Hcp t]meo-kp-tZym-K-ÿ≥
Uyqń-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ nb-am-p-kr-X-ambn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-
F√m DØ-c-hn-sbpw Ap-k-cn-°msX Ccn-°p∂h-sc-tbm, [n°-cn-
bv°p-∂-h-sctbm Ad-Ãp-sN-øm-hp-∂-XmWv F∂v {Inan-¬ S-]Sn nb-
a-Ønepw t]meokv BIv‰nepw hyh-ÿ-sN-bvXn-´p-≠v.
ÿncw Ip‰-hm-fn-bmb Hcmsf t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿv hmd-≠n-
√msX Ad-Ãp- sN-øp-I-tbm, Abmsf AdÃp sNøp-∂-Xnv km[m-c-
W-°m-c-mb ]uc-tmSv n¿t±-in-°p-Itbm sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Uyqń-
bn-ep≈ Hcp t]meo-kp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp∂
Hcm-tfmSv t]cpw ta¬hnem-khpw Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬, AXv sX‰mbn ]d-
bp-I-tbm, ]dbm≥ hnap-JX Im´p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ Abmsf t]meo-
kptZym-K-ÿv AdÃp sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. icn-bmb hnh-c-ßƒ 24
aWn-°q-dn-Iw In´p-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬IqSn Abmsf 24 aWn-°q-dn-Iw
aPn-kvt{S‰p apºmsI lmP-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
km[m-cW ]ucv Ad-Ãp-sN-ømw!
Ip‰-hm-fn-bmb Hcmsf t]meo-kp-tZym-K-ÿv Ad-Ãp-sNømw F∂-
Xp-t]mse Aß-s-bp≈ Hcmsf Ad-Ãp-sN-øp-∂-Xn-p≈ A[n-Imcw
Hcp km[m-cW ]ucpw nbaw Ap-h-Zn-®p-X-cp-∂p-≠v. Hcp {]Jym-]n-
X- Ip-‰-hm-fn-sbbpw (Proclaimed offender) Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcm-sfbpw GsXmcp km[m-cW ]ucpw nb-a-hn-t[-b-
ambn Ad-Ãp-sN-øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw Ad-Ãp- sN-bvXm¬ DS≥Xs∂
B Ip‰-hm-fnsb G‰hpw ASp-Øp≈ t]meokv tÃj-n¬ lmP-cm-
t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Abmƒ Hcp Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Ønepw Dƒs∏-ń-ń-√m-
sb∂v hy‡-am-hp∂]£w DS≥Xs∂ Abmsf hn´-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.

43
ta¬]-d™ c≠p kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Hcp km[m-c-W-]u-c≥ t]meokv
DtZym-K-ÿv Xpey-m-hp∂p F∂p-≈-XmWv {Inan-¬ S-]-Sn-n-baw
43-˛mw hIp∏psIm-≠p≈ t´w. C{]-Imcw Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏-´-bmsf
t]meokv ho≠pw AdÃv (Re-arrest) sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.
Hcp aPn-kv{S-ńs‚ apºn¬h®v Hcp Ip‰-IXyw sNøp-∂-bmsf At±-
l-Ønp Xs∂ Ad-Ãp -sN-øp-Itbm as‰m-cm-tfmSv B Ip‰-hm-fnsb
Ad-Ãp-sN-øp-∂-Xnv DØ-chp sImSp-°p-Itbm sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
AdÃp sNø-s∏-tS-≠-bmƒ Ad-Ãnp Iogvs∏-Sp-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬
F¥p-sN-ø-W-sa∂pw nbaw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Aß-s-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abm-
fpsS tZlØpsXmt´m _‘-Øn-em-°ntbm Ad-Ãp-sN-tø-≠-Xm-Wv.
Bhiyw th≠p-∂-Xmb _e-{]-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n Chn-sS-bmWv kqN--
bp-≈-Xv. Ad-Ãnp Iogvhg-ßm-Ø-bm-fns c£-s∏-Sp-hm--p-h-Zn-°msX
AdÃp S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xnv Bhiyw th≠-Xmb _e-{]-tbmKw S-
Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
Ad-ÃvsN-øp-tºmƒ ]men-t°≠ n_‘-Iƒ
t]meokv IÃ-Unbn¬sh®p≈ ]oUw XS-bp-∂-Xn-mbn Ap-
h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xmb Nne n¿tZ-i-ßƒ Un.-sI.-_mkp F∂ Bƒ ]›n-
a-_w-Kmƒk¿°m-cn-s-XnscsImSpØ tIkn¬ kp{]owtImSXn
¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah Xmsg∏dbpw{]Im-c-amWv
1. AdtÃm tNmZyw-sN-øtem S-Øp∂ t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m¿
Ahsc Xncn-®-dn-b-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Xncn-®dn-b¬ Nn”-ßfpw t]cpw
DtZym-K-t∏cpap-≈ SmKpw [cn-®n-cn-°-Ww. Ad-Ãp-sNøs∏ń-´p≈
Bfns tNmZywsNøp-∂-Xn¬ Dƒs∏-ń-´p≈ F√m t]meokv DtZym-K-
ÿ≥am-cptSbpw hnh-c-ßƒ Hcp cPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww.
2. AdÃp-S-Øp∂ t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Ad-Ãp--S-Øp∂ ka-
bØv Hcp satΩm Xøm-dm-t°≠Xpw B satΩm A-dÃpsNø-s∏´
Bfns‚ IpSpw-_-Ønse Hcp AwKtam AdÃpS∂ ÿesØ _lp-
am-y-mb Hcp hy‡ntbm km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.
3. Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-Itbm XS-™p-hbv°s∏Sp-Itbm sNøp-Ibpw
t]meokvtÃj-ntem tNmZywsNø¬tI{μ-Øntem tem°-∏ntem IÃ-
Un-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp∂ Bfnv Xm≥ A{]-Imcw Ad-Ãp-sN-
ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw XS-™p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Xs‚
Hcp kplr-Øn-ttbm _‘p-hn-stbm Xm≥ Adn-bp-∂tXm X∂n¬
Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈tXm Bb as‰m-cm-fnstbm Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Ah-Imi-
ap-≠v. (F-∂m¬ ta¬∏-d™ satΩm km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv AØcw
Hcp kplrtØm _‘pthm BsW-¶n¬ Cu hyhÿ _m[-I-a-√.)
4. Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ Bfn-s‚ kplrtØm ASpØ_‘pthm B
Pn√bvt°m ]´-W-Øntm shfn-bnem-sW-¶n¬ Ad-Ãp-sNbvX kabw,

44
Xob-Xn, IÃ-Un-bn¬h®n-cn-°p∂ CSw F∂nh AdÃv S∂v 8 aWn-
°q-dn-pw 12 aWn-°q-dnpw CS-bn¬ Pn√-bnse nb-a-k-lmbkwL-S-
-bn-eq-sSbpw _‘-s∏´ {]tZ-isØ t]meokvtÃj≥ aptJ-bpw
hnRvPm-]wsNøn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
5. Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ Bsf Xs‚ Ad-Ãn-stbm XS-™p-h-bv°-en-
ttbm]‰n ta¬]d™{]Imcw Adn-bn-°p-hm-p≈ Ah-Im-i-sØ-
∏‰n t_m[-hm-m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
6. XS-¶-en¬h®n-´p≈ ÿeØv Hcp Ub-dn-bn¬ Ad-Ãns∏‰n-bp≈
Hcp Ipdn∏v tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw AXn¬ ta¬∏-d™{]Imcw hnhcw
Adn-bn-°-s∏´ ASpØ kplr-Øn-s‚tbm _‘p-hn-s‚tbm- t]cpw
Ad-ÃvsN-ø-s∏´ Bsf IÃ-Un-bn¬h®n-´p≈ t]meokv DtZym-K-
ÿ≥am-cpsS t]cpw a‰p-hnh-c-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.
7. Ad-ÃvsN-ø-s∏-Sp∂ Bƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂]£w B ka-bØv
Abm-fp-sStbm Ah-fp-sStbm ico-c-Ønep≈ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb
£X-ßfpw apdn-hp-Ifpwa‰pw ]cn-tim-[n®v tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu
]-cn-tim-[msatΩm-bn¬ AdÃp-sNø-s∏´ Bfpw ]cn-tim-[ S-
Ønb t]meokv-DtZym-K-ÿpw H∏p-sh-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv. CXns‚ ]I¿∏v
AdÃvsNø-s∏´ Bƒ°pw AdÃp-S-Ønb t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿpw
¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
8. Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ Bsf, Abmsf IÃ-Un-bn¬h®n-cn-°p∂ Ime-
b-f-hn¬ Hmtcm 48 aWn-°q-dnepw kwÿmk¿°mcns‚ Btcm-Ky-h-
Ip∏v Ub-d-IvS¿ AwKo-I-cn® tUmIvS¿am-cpsS ]m-en¬s∏´ Hcp
tUmIvS¿ ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
9. ta¬∏-d™ AdÃp kw_-‘n® satΩm Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m
tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw ]I¿∏v X¬{]-tZ-iØv B[n-Im-cnI-X-bp≈ aPn-kvt{S-
‰nv At±-l-Øns‚ tcJ-I-fn¬ Dƒs°m≈n-°p-∂-Xn-mbn Ab-®p-sIm-
Sp-t°≠Xm-Wv.
10. tNmZyw-sN-ø¬ka-bØv Xs‚ A`n-`m-j-Is ImWp-hm≥ Ad-
Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ Bsf Ap-h-Zn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ tNmZyw-sN-øp∂
kabw apgp-h≥ C-{]-Imcw Ap-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂n-√.
11. F√m Pn√mXeÿm--ß-fnepw kwÿm--XeÿmØpw Hmtcm
t]meokv I¨t{Smƒdqap-Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw Hcp AdÃp-S∂p
12 aWn-°p-dn-p-≈n¬ AXns kw_-‘n® hnhcw AdÃpS-Øp∂
DtZym-K-ÿ≥ I¨t{Smƒdqan¬ Adn-bn-t°-≠Xpw AhnsS AXv {]Xy-
£-ambn ImW-Ø-°-hn[w Hcp tm´okvt_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-
≠-Xp-am-Wv. kv-{Xo-Isf Adkv-‰p-sNøp-tºmƒ- km-[m-cWKXn-bn¬- hn-
Xm-t]m-eo-kv- D≠m-bn-cn-°Wsa∂v- t]m-eo-kn-v- n¿-t±iap-s≠¶n-epw-
Ip-‰hm-fn- c£s∏Sm-p-≈ km-[y-X Xp-Sßn-b {]tXy-I km-lNcy-
ßfn¬- ]p-cp-jm-b t]m-eo-kp-tZym-Kkv-Ypw- kv-{Xo-sb Adkv-‰p-

45
sNømw.- AØcw- kμ¿-`ßfn¬- {]tXy-I km-lNcy-ßƒ- F¥m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂v- B t]m-eo-kp-tZym-Kkv-Y≥- tcJs∏Sp-ØWw.- kv-{Xo-bp-
sS am-y-X ]m-en-®p-sIm-≠p-thWw- B kμ¿-`ßfn¬-t∏m-epw- t]m-eo-
kv- Adkv-‰p-sNtø≠Xv.-
Pmayw
AdÃp sNbvXp Ign™ Hcmsf 24 aWn-°q-dn-Iw tImSXn
apºmsI lmP-c-°m-≠-XmWv F∂v tcsØ ]d-™p-h-t√m. tIkp-
Iƒ km[m-cW Pmayw In´m-hp-∂Xpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb c≠p-hn-[-Øn-
emWv FSp-°m-dp-≈-Xv. (Bailable and non bailable) Pmayw e`n-°m-hp∂
hn[-Øn-ep≈ tIkp-I-fn¬ {]Xnsb AYhm AdÃp sNø-s∏-´-bm-
fns t]meo-knp Xs∂ Pmay-Øn¬ hnSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Pmayw e`n-
°m-hp∂ Ip‰-Ønv Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏-´-bmƒ Pmayw FSp-°p-∂-Xnv Xøm-
sd-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v Pmayw Hcp Ah-Im-i-am-Wv.
Pmayw e`n-°m--h-Im-i-an-√mØ tIkp-I-fn¬ Nne n_-‘--
Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn Nne {]tXy-I -tI-kp-I-fn¬ aPn-kvt{S-´npXs∂
Pmay-a-p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. GXp-Xcw tIkp-Iƒ°pw Pmayw Ap-
h-Zn-°p-∂-Xnv skj≥kv tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ°pw sslt°m-S-Xn-Iƒ°pw
A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Pmay-a-p-h-Zn-°m-m-hmØ tIkp-
I-fn¬ aPn-kvt{S-´v Pmay-a-p-h-Zn-°m-dn-√. Aß-s-h-cp-tºmƒ skj≥kv
tImS-Xn-t°m, skj≥kvtIm-SXn Ap-h-Zn-®n-√m-sb-¶n¬ sslt°m-
SXn apºmsItbm Pmay-t]-£ -sIm-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu tImS-Xn-
Iƒ°v kml-N-cy-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v Pmay-a-p-h-Zn-°p-Itbm ntj-[n-
°p-Itbm sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ap≥Iq¿Pmayw F∂m¬
ap≥Iq¿Pmayw Ad-Ãn¬ n∂p≈ ap‡n-b-√. ap≥Iq¿ Pmayw
tImSXn Ap-h-Zn-®m¬ {]Xnsb AdÃp tcJ-s∏-SpØn Pmay-Øn¬ hnS-
W-sa-∂mWv nb-aw. AXm-bXv tIkn¬ n∂pw Xe-bq-cp-∂-Xn-p≈
Hcp D]m-[n-b√ ap≥Iq¿ Pmayw. F√m kml-N-cy-Ønepw ap≥Iq¿ Pmayw
Ap-h-Z-o-b-hp-a-√. ab-°p-a-cp∂v nb-a-Øn-tm, t]m´ nb-a-Øn-tm,
]´n-I-PmXn/h¿§ -]o-U-nbaØn-tm ap≥-Iq¿-Pm-ay-an-√. Ct∏mƒ
A_vImcn tIkp-I-fnepw ap≥Iq¿ Pmayw Ap-h-Zn-°m-dn-√.
ap≥-Iq¿- Pmayw e`n-°p-∂-Xnv sslt°m-S-Xn-sbtbm skj≥-
kv tIm-S-Xn-sbtbm kao-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ap≥Iq¿ Pmay-Øn-p≈ At]£ tIkns‚ hnNm-c-Wbv°v A[n-
Im-c-ap≈ tImS-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ ^b¬ sNø-W-sa-∂n-√ F∂v kp{]ow-
tIm-SXn hn[n-®n-´p≠v. GXp ÿe-Øp-h®v AdÃp sNøm-n-S-bp-t≠m,
Ahn-SpsØ tImS-Xn-bn¬ At]£ ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Pmayw Ap-h-Zn-®Xv sX‰m-bn-´m-sW-¶n¬ ta¬t°m-S-Xn°v B
DØ-chp ]cn-tim-[n®v d±p-sN-øm≥ A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

46
Pmayw FSp-°p-∂Xv Fßs?
{Inan-¬ tIkp-I-fn¬ Pmayw sImSp-°m-hp∂ tIkp-Ifpw Pmayw
sImSp-°p-h-m-hmØ tIkp-Ifpw Ds≠∂v tcsØ ]d-™-t√m. Ah-
bn¬ Pmayw ¬Im-hp∂ tIkp-I-fn¬ t]meokv tÃj-n¬ n∂p-
Xs∂ Pmayw ¬Im-hp-∂-XmWv F∂pw Adn-™p-I-gn-™p. a‰p≈
tIkp-I-fn¬ Pmayw Ap-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-p≈ A[n-Imcw tImS-Xn-
Iƒ°mWv. aPn-kvt{S-´p-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ n∂pw Pmayw e`n-®n-√m-sb-¶n¬
Pn√m-tIm-S-Xn-bntem AXp-a-√-¶n¬ sslt°m-S-Xn-bntem Pmaym-t]£
¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A_vIm-cn -n-b-a-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Ip‰-Ønv ]pXp-°nb
nb-a-{]-Imcw Pmayw nb-{¥n-X-am-Wv. ab-°p-a-cp∂p kw_-‘n® Ip‰-
ßƒ°pw CtX t]mse-X-s∂-bmWv Pmay-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ. SmU
nbaw ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Pmayw e`n-°p-∂Xv Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-
∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ ne-hn¬h∂ t]m´ (`o-Ic hncp≤ nb-aw) nb-a-a-p-
k-cn®pw Pmayw e`n-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. s]m-Xp-ap-X¬- in-∏n-°p-∂Xp-
kw-_‘n-® Ip-‰Ir-Xy-ßfn¬- ]ªn-Iv- s{]m-kn-Iyq-´dp-sS hm-Zw-Iq-Sn-
tI´tijta tIm-SXn- Pm-ayw- Ap-hZn-°p-Ibp-≈q.-
1977˛se kp{]ow tImS-Xn- hn-[n-{]-Imcw Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ hy‡n
nb-a-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬n∂pw IpXdn c£-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-√m-sb-
¶n¬ Pmayw Ap-hn-Zn-°-sW-sa∂v n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Pmayw ¬Im-
hp∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ tIkp-I-fn¬ Pmay-Øn-p≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Xøm-dm-
sW-¶n¬ Pmayw B hy-‡n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-amWv F∂v tImS-Xn-Iƒ
]e-X-hW A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
Pmayw ¬Im-hp∂ Ip‰-ß-fn¬ {Inan-¬ S-]Sn nbaw 436-˛mw
hIp-∏p-{]-Im-chpw Pmaym-l¿X-bn-√mØ tIkp-I-fn¬ 437-˛mw hIp-∏p-
p-k-cn-®p-amWv Pmay-a-p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Poh-]-cy¥w XS-hp-in-
£tbm h[-in-£tbm hn[n-°m-hp∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ Ip‰-ßƒ°v Cu
hIp-∏p-{]-Imcw Pmayw Ap-h-Zn-®p-Iq-Sm. AXnv {Inan-¬ S-]Sn
nbaw 439-˛mw hIp-∏mWv D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv. Pmayw ¬Ip-∂-Xnv
Nne hyh-ÿ-Iƒ tImS-Xn°v n¿t±-in-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ad-Ãp-sN-ø-s∏´ Bƒ°v Pmayw ¬Ip-∂Xv kz¥-Pm-ay-Ønepw
a‰p c≠p-t]-cpsS Pmay-Ønepw Bbn-cn-°pw. Pmayw Ap-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv
Pmayan√mØ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬s∏´ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-m-sW-¶n¬, {]Xn tImS-
Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-Xn¬ hogvN-h-cp-ØmsX Ccn-°p-∂-Xn-p-th-≠n-
bmWv n_-‘--Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Pmay-hy-hÿ ewLn-®m¬
Pmayw Aÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw Pmay-ØpI apgp-h-m-tbm, `mKn-I-
amtbm I≠p-sI-´p-∂-Xm-Wv.
tImSXn {Iaw
aPn-kvt{S-´p -tIm-S-Xn-I-fmWv {Inan-¬ nb-a-Ønse ASn-ÿm
tImS-Xn-Iƒ. k_vUn-hn-j-W¬ aPn-kvt{S´v (RDO), Pn√m aPn-kvt{S´v

47
(I-fvIvS¿) XpS-ßn-b-h-scms° Ds≠-¶nepw PpUo-jy¬ ^Ãv¢mkv aPn-
kvt{S-´mWv ASn-ÿm-Xe-Øn-ep≈ {Inan-¬ tImS-Xn-bmbn Icp-X-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F√m t]meokv tIkp-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw BZyw ^b¬
sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv aPn-kvt{S-´p-tIm-S-Xn-bn-em-Wv. aPn-kvt{S-ńp hnNm-cW
sNøp-hm-m-hmØ {Inan-¬ tIkp-Iƒ aPn-kvt{S´p tImS-Xn-bn¬ n∂v
skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn-te°v Abv°p-I-bmWv sNtø-≠-Xv. C{]-Imcw
skj≥kv hnNm-c-W-bv°p-th≠n tIkp-Iƒ Abv°p-∂-Xnv IΩn-‰¬
s{]mko-UnwKvkv (Committal Proceedings) F∂mWp ]d-bp-I. Cßs
IΩn‰v sNøs∏Sp-∂ e`n-°p∂ tIkn¬ XpS¿ S-]-Sn-Iƒ skj≥-kv-
tIm-SXn-Ifm-Wv- SØp-∂Xv.
H∂mw-¢mkv aPn-kvt{S-´p- tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ°p sXm´p-ap-I-fn-emWv No^v
PpUo-jy¬ aPn-kvt{S-ńs‚ ÿmw. a‰p- Pp-Uo-jy¬- aPn-kvt{S-´p -tIm-
S-Xn-Ifp-sS ta¬-tm-´w- No^v PpUo-jy¬ aPn-kvt{S-ńs‚ A[n-Im-c-
Øn¬ hcp-∂p.
Ch-Iq-SmsX skj≥kv tImS-Xn-I-fmWv D≈-Xv. Pn√m Xe-Øn¬
Hcp skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bp-≠m-hpw. knhn¬ tIkp-I-fnse Pn√m tImS-
Xn-bpsS ÿmw Xs∂-bmWv {In-an-¬- tIkp-Ifn¬- skj≥kv tImS-
Xn-°p-≈-Xv. skj≥kv tImS-Xn°v AUo-j-W¬ skj≥kv tImS-Xn-
Ifpw AUo-j-W¬ Akn-Ã‚ v skj≥kv tImS-Xn-Ifpw D≠m-hpw.
Cu tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ aPn-kvt{S-ńv hnNm-cW sNøm-m-Im--ØXpw in£
hn[n-°p-hm-m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb tIkp-Iƒ hnNm-c-Wbv°p hcp-∂p.
skj≥kv tImS-Xn-Iƒ°p apI-fn-ep≈ A∏o¬ tImSXn
sslt°m-S-Xn-bm-Wv. sslt°m-S-Xnbv°p apI-fn¬ kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-
bpap≠v.
k_vUn-hn-j-W¬ aP-kvt{S´v (RDO), Pn√m aPn-kvt{S´v (I-f-IvS¿)
XpS-ßnb FIv-kn-Iyq-ó-hv- aPn-kv-t{S´p-am-cp-sS tImS-Xn-Iƒ {]tXyIw
njvI¿jn-®n-´p≈ {Inan-¬ nb-am-[n-Im-c-ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-
Xv. apJy[mcm {Inan-¬ tImS-Xn-I-fp-ambn Aev]w thdn´p n¬°p∂
ań-emWv Ch-bpsS {]h¿Ø--sa-¶nepw F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw Hcp Pp-
Uo-jy¬- aPn-kvt{S-ń-s‚tbm AXnepw Aev]w Xmsgtbm Bb A[n-
Im-c-ßƒ Cu tImS-Xn-Iƒ°p≠v.
Ip‰-hn-Nm-cW GXp-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ BWp S-t°-≠Xv F∂v {Inan-
¬ S-]Sn nbaw Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hmtcm tImS-Xn-Iƒ°pw hn[n-
°m-hp∂ in£-Ifpw a‰pw ASn-ÿm--s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv Ip‰-IrXyw GXp-
tIm-SXnbn¬ hnNm-cW SØpw F∂p n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Nm¿÷p
sNbvXn-´p≈ Ip‰-ßƒ°v hn[n-°m-hp∂ ]c-am-h[n in£-bmWv CXns‚
am-Z-WvUw. aPn-kvt{S´p tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ aq∂p-h¿jw-hsc XShpw a‰p
tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ AXnp apI-fn-ep≈ in£-I-fp-amWv hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xmbn
n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp tIkv GXp tImS-Xn-bnemWv hnkvX-cn-t°-
≠Xv F∂v {Inan-¬ S-]Sn nb-a-Øns‚ H∂mw sjUyq-fn¬
{]tXyIw njvI¿jn-®n-´p-≠v.

48
3.- {Inan-¬ tIkp-IfpsS hnNm-cW
{Inan-¬ tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ tIkp -^-b¬ sNøp-∂Xpw ^b¬ sNbvX
tI p-Iƒ hnNm-c-W-s°-Sp-°p-∂Xpw a‰pw Fß-s-bm-sW-∂p-≈Xv
kmamy P-ßƒ°v C∂pw A⁄m-X-amW.v aPn-kvt{S-´p-tIm-S-Xn-bnepw
skj≥kp-tIm-S-Xn-bn-ep-sams° lmP-cm-Ip∂ I£n-Ifpw km£n-I-
fpw, tImSXn S-]-Sn-Iƒ Xßƒ°v A{]m-]y-am-sW-∂p≈ [mc-W-bm-
tem Ft¥m, Zqsc-n∂v tm°n-Im-WpI am{Xsa sNøm-dp-≈q.
aPn-kvt{S‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬ tI p- ^-b¬ sNøp-∂Xv c≠p-hn-[-Øn-
em-Wv. Hcp Ip‰-IrXyw S-∂-Xm-bp≈ ]cm-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm--Ønepw
Hcp-t]m-eokv dnt∏m¿´v (Nm¿Pv) e`n-°p-tºmgpw aPn-kvt{S-´p-tIm-S-Xn°v
tI v^-b-en¬ kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂v {Ian-¬ S-]Sn nbaw
190-˛mw hIp∏v hnh£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
kzIm-cy-hy-‡n-Iƒ ^b¬sN-øp∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ (A-ym-bw), Bh-
em-Xn-°m-cs‚ samgn -tIm-S-Xn- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw, ^b-en¬ kzoI-
cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv hyh-ÿ. F∂m¬ samgn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ah-k-c-
Øn¬ aPn-kvt{S-ńv Bh-emXn kwK-Xn-sb-∏‰n ]q¿Æ-t_m≤yw h∂n-
ń-s√-¶n¬ km£n-Isf lmP-cm°n samgn-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xnp
tijsam l¿Pn -t]m-eo- n-te-°-b®v AXn-e-S-ßnb hnh-c-ß-sf-∏‰n
t]meokv dnt∏m¿´v hcp-Øn-b-Xn-p- ti-jsam ^b-en¬ kzoI-cn-®m¬
aXn. Cu ]cn-K-W--Iƒ°ptijw tI p- ^-b-en¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xnv
aXn-bmb Imc-W-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xnv aPn-kvt{S-ń-[n-Im-
c-ap-≠v.
Hcp- kw-ÿm-- K-h¨sa‚ v DtZym-K-ÿs‚ t]cn¬, As√-¶n¬
tI{μ- K-h¨sa‚-ptZym-K-ÿs‚ t]cn¬ Abm-fpsS HutZym-KnI IrXy-
n¿Δ-l-WsØ kw_-‘nt®m AXn-n-S-bv°p≈ sNbvXn-I-sf- kw-
_-‘nt®m BWv kzImcy hy‡n-bpsS Aymbw F-¶n¬, Abmsf
nb-an-°p-∂-Xnpw Abm-fpsS t]cn¬ in£-W--S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-∂-
Xnpw A[n-Im-c-ap≈ taep-tZym-K-ÿ-s‚tbm, Kh¨sa‚n-s‚tbm
ap≥Iq-ń-bp≈ Ap-hmZw (Sanction) Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta ^b-en¬
kzoI-cn-bv°p-∂-Xnv tImS-Xn-°-[n-Im-c-ap≈q.-
tI v ^-b-en¬ kzoI-cn-®-Xn-p-tijw {]Xn -lm-P-cm-Ip-∂-Xnv tImS-
Xn-bn¬ n∂pw ka≥kv Ab-°-Ww. ka≥kp- In-ń-b-tijw {]Xn -
tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-tXm-sS-bmWv tI ns‚ hnNm-c-W -Xp-S-ßp-
∂-Xv. tI-kp- hn-Nm-c-W-sN-øp-∂-Xnv {]tXy-I- n-_-‘--I-fp-≠v.
F√m {Inan¬ tIkp-Ifpw hmd‚ v tI p-Iƒ, ka≥kp-tI- p-Iƒ
F∂v th¿Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. c≠p-sI-m√-Øn-p- ap-I-fn¬ in£- h-cp-∂-
Xmb, Poh-]-cy-¥-X-Sthm h[-in-£tbm hsc hn[n-°m-hp∂ tI p-I-
sf√mw hmd‚ v tI p-Iƒ F∂ hn`m-K-Ønepw, a‰p-≈-hsb ka≥kp-

49
tI-kp-Iƒ F∂ -hn-`m-K-Ønepw s]Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hmd‚p- tI- p-I-
fn¬Xs∂ t]meokv Nm¿÷p-sN-bvX -tI- p-Iƒ°pw kzmImcy Aym-
b-{]-Im-c-ap≈ tI p-Iƒ°pw hn`n-∂- -S-]-Sn-{I-a-ß-fmWv kzoI-cn-bvt°-
≠-Xv.
kzIm-cy- A-ymbw ^b-en¬ kzo-I-cn-®-tijw {]Xn- lm-P-cm-Ip-
tºmƒ ka≥kp-tI- p-I-fpsS hn`m-K-Øn¬s]-Sp-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ {]Xn-
Ip‰w kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bmtWm ntj-[n-°p-I-bmtWm sNøp-∂-sX∂v aPn-
kvt{S´v tNmZn-°Ww. {]Xn- Ip‰w kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At∏mƒ-
Xs∂ in£n-°mw. ntj-[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ sXfn-hp- lm-P-cm-°p-∂-
Xnv Aym-b-°m-c-tmSv Bh-iy-s∏´v, hnNm-cW S-]Sn kzoI-cn®,v
hmZn-`m-Kw -lm-P-cm-°p∂ km£n-Isf hnkvX-cn®,v Ccp-`m-K-sØbpw
hmZw- tI-´-Xn-p-tijw {]Xn -Ip-‰-°m-c-m-sW∂p I≠m¬ in£n-°p-
Ibpw Ip‰w-sX-fn-™n-ń-s√-¶n¬ {]Xn-sb -sh-dp-sX-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNø-
Ww. CØcw ka≥kp-tI-kp-I-fn¬ tcn-´p- lm-P-cm-Im-sX-Xs∂ A`n-
`m-j-I≥ apJm-¥ncw lmP-cm-bn -hnNmcWsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnv
{]Xn-°-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.
Ip‰-]{Xw sImSp-°p-∂-Xnv aXn-bmb sXfn-hn-s√-¶n¬ {]Xnsb hn´-
b-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ip‰-]{Xw sImSp-°p-tºmƒ Ip‰wsNbvX- co-Xn, ÿew,
XobXn Ch hni-Z-ambn {]Xn-bpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°-W-sa-
∂mWp nb-aw.
Ip‰]{Xw -¬Ip-tºmƒ {]Xn -Ip‰w ntj-[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ {]Xn-
s°-Xnsc sXfn-hp -lm-P-cm-°p-∂-Xnv t{]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mK-Øn-v A-
h-kcw sImSp-°-Ww. AY-hm- {]-Xn- Ip‰w kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
Bb-Xp -kz-ta-[bm sNøp-∂-XmtWmsb∂v t_m≤yw hcp-Øn-b-tijw
{]Xnsb in£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. t{]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mK-Øp-n∂v lmP-
cm-°p-∂ -sX-fn-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw Xn-bvs°-Xn-cmbn lmP-
cm-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ sXfn-hp-Isf∏‰n hni-Zo-I-cWw ¬Ip-∂-Xnv km£n-
sam-gn-bpsS {]k‡-`m-K-ßƒ {]XnbpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-ØWw. {]Xn-
sb-tNmZyw sNbvX-Xn-p-tijw {]Xn-`m-K-tØ°v sXfn-hp -lm-P-cm-°p-
∂-Xnv Ah-kcw ¬In-bn-cn°Ww.
skj≥kv- tI p-I-fpsS hnNm-cW
aPnkvt{S´p- tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ ^b¬ sN-ø-s∏-Sp∂ tI p-I-fn¬
skj≥ p-tIm-S-Xn-am{Xw hnNm-c-W-sN-tø≠ tI p-Iƒ aPn-kvt{S-´p-
tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ n∂pw skj≥kp-tIm-S-Xn-bn-te°v IΩn-‰p-sN-bv-Xv Ahn-
sS-thWw hnNm-cW XpS-tc-≠Xv F∂v nbaw Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p.
sIme-°p-‰w, sIme-°p-‰-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb `h--t`-Z-w, Ih¿®, cmPy-t{Zm-
l-Ip-‰w, _em¬kw-Kw, A_vImcnnbaw Ap-k-cn-®p≈ tI p-Iƒ,
]ń-I-PmXn ]ń-I-h-¿§ ]oUw kw_-‘n-®- tI- p-Iƒ, kv{Xo[-- a-

50
cWw (Dowry Death), h[-{iaw XpSßn hf-sc-tbsd tI p-Iƒ
skj≥kp-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ am{Xw hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-tS-≠-h-bm-Wv.-
skj≥kp-tI- p-I-fn¬ hnNm-c-W- h-cp-tºmƒ F¥n-s-∏-‰n-bmWv
tIkv F∂v tImS-Xn°v cq]w In´p-∂-Xn-p-th-≠n tI p-tc-J-I-sf-
∏‰n t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿ tImS-Xnsb t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. F√m- sk-j≥kp
tI p-Ifpw Kh¨sa‚n-p-th≠n lmP-cmbn S-Øp-∂-Xn-p≈ Npa-
Xe ]ªnIv t{]mkn-Iyq-´¿°mWv.- AXn-p-tijw tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-
[n®v {]Xn-bpsS t]cn¬ Ip‰-]{Xw ¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn-p-
ap≥]v tcJ-I-f-p-k-cn®v hnNm-c-W -sN-ø-Ø° Hcp- Ip-‰hpw Cs√∂p
I≠m¬ tImS-Xn°v Ip‰m-tcm-]n-Xs shdp-sX -hn-´-bv°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ip‰-]{Xw sImSp-°p-∂ -tI- p-I-fn¬ {]Xn- Ip‰w ntj-[n-®-Xn-p-tijw
hnNm-c-W-Xo-bXn {]Jym-]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ip‰-]{Xw hmbn-®p-
tIƒ∏n-°p-tºmƒ {]Xn- Ip-‰w -k-Ω-Xn-bv°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B Ip-‰-k-
Ω-Xw kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm ncm-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn-p≈ A[n-
Imcw tImS-Xn-bn¬ n£n-]vX-am-Wv.
4.4.4.4.4. dmKnßv ntcm-[ nbaw
(Zn tIcf s{]mln-_nj≥ Hm^v dmKnßv BIvS v 1998 )
1. dmKnßv XS-bp-∂-Xnp th≠n tIc-f-Øn¬ nehnep≈ ta¬
]d™ nbaw Hcp ZznXe kwhn-[m--amWv D≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.kwhn-
[m-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hnZym-`ymk ÿm]--Øns‚ Xe-h-n¬ Nne
Npa-X-e-Iƒ n£n-]vX-am-Wv.-A-t±lw Xn°v e`n-®- dmKnß v kw_-
‘-amb ]cm-Xn-bn≥ta¬ S-Øp∂ Atz-jWw hfsc {][m--s∏-´-
Xm-Wv.Atz-jWØn¬ ]cmXn Ig-ºp-≈-Xm-sW∂v t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬
]cmXn t]meo-knv ssIam-dp-Ibpw _m°n Atz-jWØnpw
XpS¿∂p≈ tImSXn S-]-Sn-Iƒ°pw t]meo-kmWv Npa-Xe hln-°p-
∂-Xv.
2. Hcp hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n°v am-kn-
Itam imco-cn-Itam Bb D]-{Zhw D≠m-°p-Itbm B hnZym¿∞n-bn¬
`oXntbm Pmfy-X-tbm,-th-h-em-Xn-tbm,-m-W-t°tSm D≠m-°p-∂-co-Xn-
bn¬ s]cp-am-dn-bm¬ Abm-sf dmKv sNbvX-Xmbn ]d-bmw.-Hcp
hnZym¿∞nsb Ifn-bm-°pI,B-t£-]n-°p-I,-A-bmsf ]cn-lm-k-]m-{X-
am-°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ Xam-i-Iƒ ImWn-°p-I,-A-bmƒ km[m-c-W-K-
Xn-bn¬ sNømØ Imcy-ßƒ sNøm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-SpI apX-em-bh
F√mw dmKn-ßns‚ n¿h-N--Øn¬ hcp∂ {]h¿Ø-n-I-fmWv.dm-Knßv
hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-Ønp≈n¬ ht®m,-]p-d-Ø-vht®m Fhn-sS-h®v S-
∂mepw nb-a-hn-cp-≤-amb S-]-Sn-bmWv.
3. dm-Knßv S-Øp∂ hy‡n°v c≠v sIm√w hsc XS-hp-in-£bpw

51
]Xn-m-bncw cq]-hsc ]ngbpw e`n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-Iq-SmsX B
hnZym¿∞nsb Abmƒ ]Tn®psIm≠ncn-°p∂ hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]--
Øn¬ n∂pw Unkvankv sNøp-∂Xpw Abmƒ°v at‰-sXmcp ÿm-]-
-Ønepw ASpØ aq∂v sIm√-tØ°v {]th-iw e`n-°mØXp-am-Wv.
4. GsX-¶nepw Hcp hnZym¿∞ntbm,-c-£-I¿Øm-thm,-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-
tfm,A≤ym-]-Itcm, dmKnßv kw_-≤n®v tcJm-aqew ]cmXn D∂-bn-
®m¬ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ B ]cm-Xn-bn≥ta¬ ]cmXn
e`n®v Ggv Znh-k-Øn-Iw Atz-jWw S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.-]-cm-Xn-bn¬
]d™ Imcy-ßfn¬ Ig-ºp-s≠-¶n¬ Ip‰m-tcm-]n-X-mb hnZym¿∞nsb
kkvs]‚ v sNøp-Ibpw dmKnßv kw_-≤n-®p≈ ]cmXn t]meo-knv
ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNø-Ww.]-cm-Xn-bn¬ Ig-ºns√¶n¬ ]cmXn D∂-bn®
hnZym¿∞nsb tcJm-aqew A°mcyw Adn-bn-t°-≠-XpamWv.ta¬]-
d™ coXn-bn¬ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ {]h¿Øn-®n-
s√-¶n¬ At±lw dmKn-ßnv t{]c-I-am-b-coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®-Xmbn
KWn-®p-sIm≠v dmKnßv S-Ønb hy‡n°v ¬Im-hp∂ XS-hp-in-
£bv°pw ]ngbv°pw A¿l-m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
5. tIcf dmKnßv ntcm[ nbaw IqSmsX dmKnßv XS-bp-∂Xv kw_-
‘n®v _lp-am--s∏´ kp{]ow tImSXn Viswa Jagrati Mission Vs.
Central Government F∂- tI-kns‚ hn[n-ym-b-Øn¬ Nne am¿§
n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v.-dm-Knßv D≠m-b-Xnp tijw A®-
S° S-]Sn FSp-°p-∂-Xn-t-°m-ƒ dmKn-ßnv FXn-cm-bp≈ hnImcw
hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-ßƒ nc-¥-c-amb I¿Ω ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-eqsS
hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°-W-sa-∂mWv kp{]ow tImSXn n¿t±-in®ncn-°p-∂-Xv.-
Iq-SmsX dmKnßv XS-bp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ njv{In-b-amb ÿm]-ßfpsS
A^o-en-tb-j≥ d±v sNøp-Ibpw kmº-ØnI klmbw n¿Ø-em-°p-
∂-Xn-s-∏-‰nbpw kp{]ow tImSXn n¿t±-ißfn¬ ]cm-a¿i-ap≠v.
dmKnßv kw_-‘amb nb-a-k-lm-b-Ønv eoK¬ k¿ho-kkv
AtXm-dn-‰n°pw bp.-Pn.-kn°pw sl¬]vsse≥ e`y-am-Wv.
hni-Zm-wißƒ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
tIcfm tÃ‰v eoK¬ k¿ho-kkv AtXm-dn-‰n
nb-a-k-lmb `h≥, sslt°m¿´v tImºu-≠v,
Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, sIm®n ˛ 682031.
sSen/^mIvkv : 0484 ˛ 2396717
C˛-sa-bn¬ : kelsakerala@gmail.com , website : www.kelsa.gov.in
sI¬k-bpsS 24 aWn-°q¿ sl¬]vsse≥ ˛ 9846 700 100
bp.-Pn.-kn bpsS 24 aWn-°q¿ sl¬]vsse≥ ˛ 1800 180 5522
C˛-sa-bn¬: helpline@antiragging.net

52
5.- {`qW ]cn-tim-[ nb-{¥W nbaw
{`qW ]cn-tim-[bpw K¿`ÿinip-hns‚ enwK]cn-tim-[-bpw
Ht´sd ssXnI kmaq-lnI{]iv-ßƒ krjvSn-®p. kmt¶-XnIhnZy-
Iƒ Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn-ep-ff inip-hns‚ enwK-n¿Æ-
bhpw XpS¿∂v s]¨{`q-W-l-Xybpw _‘-s∏´ IrXy-ßfpw XS-bm-
m-Wv 1994 ¬ CØcw Hcp {]tXyI nb-a-Ønv cq]w¬In-b-Xv.
K¿`-ÿ-in-ip- ]cn-tim-[m-S-]-Sn-Iƒ F∂m¬ K¿`m-ib imkv{X
˛{]khkw_-‘-amb taJ-e-I-fn-se BtcmKyimkv{Xkmt¶-Xn-I-
hnZybpw, Aƒ{Sm-tkm-tWm-{K-^n, s^mbn-t‰m-kvtIm-∏n, c‡-km-ºnƒ,
Aavn-tbm-´nIv kmºn-fp-Iƒ, t{ImWn hn√n, amwkI-e-Iƒ apX-em-
bh AS-ßp-∂-h-bm-Wv.
K¿`ÿinip-hns‚ Pn-XIsshI-ey-ßƒ,- t{Imatkmw hyXn-bm-
-ßƒ, imco-cnI Akzm-`m-hn-I-X-Iƒ, lotam-t•m-_n≥ Ipd-hv, ssewKn-
ItcmK-ßƒ apX-em-bh Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {`qW-]-cn-tim-[-bpw
imkv{Xobam¿§-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂-Xnv nbaw XS- -a-√.
Pn-XI Iu¨k-enwKv sk‚¿, Pn-XI ¢n-n°v, Pn-XI
emt_m-d-´-dn-Iƒ XpS-ßnb ÿm]--ß-fpsSta¬ nb-{¥-W-ß-fp≠v.
AXp{]Imcw Cu nb-a-Øn≥Iogn¬ cPn-Ã¿sNø-s∏-SmØ Hcp
ÿm]--Ønpw {`qW-]-cn-tim-[ kw_-‘n® kmt¶-XnIhnZyIƒ
D]-tbm-Kn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥]mSn-√. (A-Øcw ÿm]--ß-fn¬ Cu
nbaw n¿h-Nn-°p∂ n›nX tbmKy-X-Ifp-≈-hsc am{Xta nb-an-
°phm≥ ]mSp-f-fq.)- G-sXmcp ssK-t°m-f-PnÃpw {]k-hm-p-_-‘-
tcmKhnZ-Kv[-cpw, inip-tcmKhnZ-Kv≤cpw, cPn-kvt{SUv saUn-°¬
{]mIvSo-j-Wdpw, tcn-t´m at‰-sX-¶nepw Bƒ apJm-¥n-ctam Cu nb-
a-Øn≥Iogn¬ cPn-Ã¿sNømØ ÿm]--ß-fn¬ {`qW]cn-tim-[--
tbm, K¿`-ÿ-in-ip-hns‚ ]cn-tim-[-tbm S-Øp-hm≥]mSn-s√∂v
njv°¿jn-°p-∂p.
C¥y≥ saUn-°¬ Iu¨kn¬ nb-a-Ønp (Indian Medical
Council Act, 1956) Iogn¬ cPn-Ã¿sNø-s∏´ BtcmKy{]h¿Ø-I-
mWv cPn-tÃ¿Uv saUn°¬ {]IvSo-j-W¿. Aßns cPn-Ã¿sNø-
s∏´ ]q¿Æ-ambpw tbmKy-X-bp≈ Hcp- hy‡n°v- {`qW]cn-tim-[m-
kt¶-Xn--IXzw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ]cn-tim-[--Iƒ n¿Δ-ln-°m-hp-∂Xv
Xmsg sImSp-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ am{X-am-Wv.
˛ K¿`n-Wn-bmb kv{Xo°v 35 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°Ww
˛ K¿`n-Wn-bmb kv{Xo apºv XpS¿®-bmbn ct≠m, aqt∂m AXn¬
A[n-Itam K¿`-On-{Z-Ønp- hnt[-b-bm-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬

53
˛ K¿`nWn Kuc-h-am¿∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ap-f-hm-°p∂ cmk-]-Zm¿∞-
ß-tfm hnIn-c-Wtam D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ NnIn¬kbv-t°m AWp-_m-
[bvt°m hnt[bbmbn-´p-s≠¶n¬
˛ K¿`n-Wn-bmb kv{XobpsS IpSpw-_-]-c-º-c-bn¬ atm-tcm-K-Øntm
imco-cnIsshI-ey-Øn-tm Pn-XIXI-cm-dp-Iƒt°m CS-bp-s≠¶n¬
˛ tI{μ nco-£-Wkan-Xn-bpsS n¿t±-im-p-k-c-W-ap-ff CXc kml-
N-cy-ß-fn¬
ta¬]d™ kml-N-cy-ß-fnepff Hcp kv{Xosb Xmsg]d-bp∂ Imc-
W-ßƒs°m≠-√msX {`qW]cn-tim-[-tbm- K¿`-ÿinip-]cn-tim-[-
tbm n¿h-ln-°m≥ ]mSn-√.
1. t{Ima-tkm-a¬ Akzm-`m-hn-I-X-Iƒ
2. Pn-XILS--bnse XI-cm-dp-Iƒ
3. lotamt•m_n≥ LS
4. ssewKn-I-_-‘-tcm-K-ßƒ
5. {]kh-kw-_-‘-amb XI-cm-dp-Iƒ
6. K¿`m-ib tcmK-ßƒ
nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap≈ {`qW enwK]cn-tim-[Ifnepw,- hnZ-Kv[¿ Xmsg
]d-bp∂ n_-‘--Iƒ ]men-°Ww {`qW-enwK ]cn-tim-[m hn[n-
Iƒ°v kv{XoIsf hnt[-b-cm-°-cp-Xv.
˛ n¿Δ-ln-t°-≠p∂ ]cn-tim-[--bpsS Bh-iy-IX, ]cn-tim-[-m-
co-Xn-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS {]XymLm-X-ßƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v K¿`n-Wn-
bmb kv{Xosb t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
˛ K¿`n-Wn-bpsS tcJm-aq-e-ap-ff kΩ-X-]-{Xhpw Dd∏pw Ah¿°v a-
n-em-Ip∂ `mj-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn H∏v hmßp-I.
˛ C{]-Imcw e`n-°p∂ kΩ-X-]-{X-Øns‚ ]I¿∏v hnt[-b-bm-Ip∂
kv{Xo°v ¬Ip-I.
˛ {`qW-˛-enwK ]cn-tim-[--Iƒ n¿Δ-ln-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw K¿`-ÿ-
in-ip-hns‚ enwK-n¿Æbw K¿`n-Wn-tbm-tSm, _‘p-°-tfmtSm hmt°m,
Nn”-tam, a‰p am¿§tam D]-tbm-Kn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.
˛ Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw Pn-XI ]cn-tim-[m-tI{μ-ß-fntem, a‰p ÿm]-
-ß-fntem K¿`-ÿ-in-ip-hns‚ enwK-n¿Æ-b-Ønpth≠n Aƒ{S-m-tkm-
tWm-{Km^n Dƒ∏sS as‰mcp sSÃp-Ifpw S-Øm≥ ]mSn-√.
˛ Cu nbaw hyhÿsNøp∂ Npa-X-e-I-fpsS n¿Δ-l-W-Øn-mbn
Hcp tI{μ-n-co-£I t_m¿Unv cq]w¬Im≥ tI{μk¿°m-cnv A[n-
Im-c-ap-≠v. CXnp-]pdsa tI{μ-˛kw-ÿm k¿°mcpIfp-sS b Xocp-
am--{]-Imcw {]tXyI AtXm-dn-´ntbm D]-tZ-i-I-k-an-Xntbm Cu nb-
a-Øn≥Iogn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Pn-XI]cn-tim-[mkw_-‘n-bmbn GsXmcphn[ ]c-kyhpw
{]kn-≤s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-n-S-bm-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv.

54
{`qW-l-Xy,- K¿`ÿinipenwK]cn-tim-[ apX-em-b-h-bv°p-ff kuI-
cy-ßƒ kw_-‘n® ]c-kyhpw ¬Im≥]mSn-√. hy‡n-tbm kwL-
S--tbm ÿm]-tam CØcw ]cky{]kn-≤o-I-c-Wtam {]Nm-c-Wtam
sNøm≥]mSn-√. CXnv hncp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hsc ]c-am-h[n 3
h¿jwhsc XS-hn-tm, 10,000 cq]hsc ]ngin£bv-t°m- hn[n-°m-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv.- A-®-Sn® tm´o-tkm k¿°p-etdm te_¬, dm∏¿ apX-em-
b-htbm at‰-sX-¶nepw tcJtbm Dƒs∏sS Zriy˛{imhy km[y-X-Ifp-
]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ GsXmcp ]c-kyhpw Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ s]Spw. Ip‰-
I-c-ambcoXn-bn¬ K¿`-ÿ-in-ip-hns‚ {`qW-]-cn-tim-[mkuIcyw D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p∂ GsXmcp hy‡n°pw 3 h¿jwhsc XS-
hp-in-£tbm 10,000 cq]hsc ]ngin£tbm hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Cu nbaw n¿h-Nn-°p∂ Pn-X-I-imkv{X ÿm]--Øns‚ DS-a-
tbm DtZym-K-ÿ-tm- Cu nbaw ewLn-®-Xmbn sXfn-™m¬ 3
h¿jwhsc XS-hntm ]Xn-m-bncw cq]hsc ]ngbvt°m in£n-°-
s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ip‰w Bh¿Øn-°-s∏´Xmbn sXfn-™m¬ 5
h¿jwhsc XSthm 50,000 cq]hsc ]ngtbm hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
C¥y≥ sXfnhpnbahyh-ÿ-{]-Imcw Cu nb-a-a-p-k-cn®v
adn®v sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sm-Øn-S-tØmfw,- {`qW]cn-tim-[-bv°v hnt[-
b-bm-°-s∏-Sp∂ K¿`-h-Xn-bm-sbmcp kv{Xosb {]kvXpX IrXy-Ønv
t{]cn-∏n-®-Xm-tbm n¿_-‘n-®-Xmtbm ]cn-K-Wn®v Ah-cpsS `¿Øm-
hn-s-Xnscbpw _‘p-°ƒs°-Xn-scbpw hnNm-c-W-bm-cw-`n-°p-∂-
XmWv.
6.- `£-W-km-[--ß-fn¬ ambw tN¿°¬
C∂p mw ntXy Ign-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ `£-W-km-[--ß-fn¬
Fs¥-¶nepw Ie¿∏n-√m-ØXv Is≠-Øp-hm≥ km[n-bv°ptam? `£-W-
km-[--ß-fn¬ ambw tN¿°¬ C∂v AXn-`-b-¶-c-amb hn]-Ømbn amdn-
bn-cn-°p-∂p.
ambw tN¿Ø- `-£W ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ hnev°p-∂Xv tZio-b-hn-cp-
≤hpw kmaq-ln-I-o-Xnbv°v nc-°m-Ø-Xp-amWv F∂p am{X-a√ `mc-
X-Øns‚ al-Ømb ]mc-º-cy-sØbpw A¥xkØ-sbbpw kmc-ambn
_m[n-bv°p∂ Hcp alm-hn-]Øpw IqSn-bm-Wv F∂v ]©m_v sslt°m-
SXn Hcp tIkn¬ A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-Sw S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. sIm≈-em-`-Øn-
p-th≠nbp≈ AXym-{Klw sIm≠v √ `£-W-km-[--ß-fpsS IqsS
D]-tbm-K-tbm-Ky-a-√mØXpw hne-Ip-d-™-Xp-amb CX-c -]-Zm¿∞-ßƒ
Iq´n-°-e¿Ønbpw ntcm-[n-®n-´p≈ hkvXp-°ƒ tN¿Øpw `£y-tbm-
Ky-a-√m-Øh √-Xm-sW-∂p≈ `mh-Øn¬ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v FØn-
®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xpw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂Xpw XS-bp-∂-Xnp th≠n-bmWv

55
1954˛se `£-W-km-[--ß-fn¬ ambw tN¿°¬ ntcm-[ nbaw
sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv.
ap-tjym-]-tbm-K-Ønp ]‰mØ ]pfn-¶p-cp-t]mepw s]mSn®v `£-
W-km-[--ß-fpsS IqsS tN¿Øv hnev°p-∂-Xmbpw a‰pw ]{X-am[ya-
ß-fn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ hcm-dp-≠-t√m. ΩpsS kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ß-fmb Ipcp-
ap-fIv, Gew XpS-ßn-b-h-bnepw ntXym-]-tbm-K-km-[--ß-fmb Im∏n,
tXbne Ch-bnepw GsX√mw ]Zm¿∞-ß-fmWv Iqń-°-e¿Øn hn]-
Wn-bn-se-Øn-bv°p-∂Xv? hS-s° C¥y-bn¬ ]ip-hnv Ime-Øo-‰-bmbn
sImSp-Øn-cp∂ ]´m-Wn--∏cn∏v Btcm-Ky-Ønv lmn-I-c-amb tImƒ-
´m¿ssU -tN¿Øv ndhpw `wKnbpw sImSpØp hn]-Wn-bn¬ apjym
lmc-ambn hn‰n-cp-∂p. CXp ap-jym-lm-c-tbm-Ky-a-s√∂p I≠v ntcm-
[n-®-Xn-p-ti-jhpw ΩpsS mńse ]mh-s∏´ F{Xtbm sNdp-I-®-h-
S-°m¿ CXp- hn-‰-Xnv Pbn-ene-S-bv°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v F∂p-≈Xv ZpxJI-c-
amb Hcp kXy-am-Wv. CXp hn]-Wn-bn¬ FØn-bv°p-∂- h≥InS hnX-
c-W-°mcpw Dev]m-Z-Icpw nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ n∂pw hgp-Xn-am-
dp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu hkvXp-X-I-fmWv 1954˛se ambw tN¿°¬
ntcm-[ nb-a-Øns‚ t{]c-I-i-‡n.
ambw tN¿°¬ nb-a-Øns‚ c≠mw hIp-∏n¬ ambw tN¿°¬
F∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂v hni-Z-ambn n¿Δ-Nn®n-cn-bv°p-∂p. D]-t`m-‡mhv
Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ km[--ßƒ°p ]Icw KpW-ta-∑-bn-√m-ØXpw hne-
Ip-d-™Xpw Bb `£W ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ sImSp-°p-∂Xpw D]-tbm-
KtbmKy-amb km[--ß-fp-sS-IqsS D]-tbm-Ky-tbm-Ky-a-√m-ØXpw hne-
Ip-d-™Xpw Bb ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ Iqń-I-e¿Øn Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏´
km[--am-sW-∂p≈ coXn-bn¬ hn¬°p-∂-Xpw, Btcm-Ky-Ønv lmo-
I-c-amb `£W ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ hn¬°p-∂Xpw hne-Ip-d™ ]Zm¿∞-
ßƒ hne-Iq-Snb ]Zm¿∞-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n®p hn¬°p-∂-Xpw, Am-
tcm-Ky-I-c-amb kml-N-cy-Ønepw Np‰p-]m-Snepw n¿Ωn®v ]mbv°v
sNbvXv kq£n-°p-∂-Xp-amb hkvXp-°fpw No™v Agp-Inb amwkm-
lm-chpw ]®-°-dn-Ifpw hn¬°p-∂Xpw {]mWn-Ifpw ]pgp-°fpw in-
∏n® ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw hnjw-I-e¿∂ If¿ tN¿Øv hn¬∏-°p hn®n-cn-
°p∂ ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw F√mw ambw tN¿Ø ]Zm¿∞-ß-fmbn IW-
°m-°p-∂p.
Cß-s-bp≈ `£-W-]-Zm¿∞-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn®v Ah hn¬∏-°v
Cd-°n-b-h-cp-sSbpw hym]m-c-Øn-p-th≠n tÃm°v sNbvX-h-cp-tSbpw
hn‰-h-cp-tSbpw t]cn¬ S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-p≈ A[n-Imcw Xt±i
kzb-`-c-W-ÿm-]--ßƒ°pw (tem-°¬ AtXm-d-n‰n) Ahn-SpsØ _‘-
s∏´ kmn-´dn DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m¿°pw (B-tcm-Ky hIp-∏nse sl¬Øv
C≥kv]-IvS¿am¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿) D≠v.

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