The document discusses farm surveying which is defined as measuring and mapping farmland to determine size, boundaries, and other characteristics. It explains the importance of surveying for maximizing farm profits and planning. Methods and calculations for farm surveying like determining plant population based on spacing are also covered.

1. FARM SURVEYING

2. OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, students are expected to;
•Define the term surveying
•State simple surveying equipment and their uses
•Describe the maintenance of surveying equipment
•Explain the importance of surveying
•Calculate total area of farm lands.

3. Introduction
Farm surveying is defined as the
process of measuring and mapping
out the position, topography, size
and boundary of an area of
farmland.

4. IMPORTANCE OF FARM SURVEYING
•It helps to determine the
size of land.
•It enables farmers to make
the best use of available
resources to achieve
maximum profit.
•It helps in calculating plant
population
•It helps in planning
farmstead
•It helps in creating access
point to the farmer
•It can be used as collateral
for loan
•It servers as future
reference.

5. Types of land survey
•Construction Survey: it is
required to show location
of walls, buildings, roads,
and utilities.
•Topographic Survey: is to
locate both natural and man-
made topographic features on
a parcel of land. Such features
include buildings, elevations,
streams, trees, etc.
•Subdivision Survey: is
used to divide a parcel of
land into smaller tracts,
lots, or estates.
•Boundary Survey: is used
to locate the corners and
boundary lines of a parcel
of land.

7. Farm Planning
Farming planning is the drawing or outline of
farmstead.
Importance
1. It helps the farmer to make proper use of land
2. It promotes neatness and prevents pollution in
the farm
3. It promotes proper siting of farm structures

8. Class Task
•Describe briefly any five factors
that needs to be considered when
sitting a farmstead. [10 marks]

9. Factors to consider when planning
farmstead
•Topography
•Soil type
•Accessibility
•Water supply
•Nearness to market
•Drainage

10. Principles of farmstead layout
•1. Crops should be planted on the fertile part of the land
•2. Livestock enterprise should be located at the poorest
portion of the land
•3. Farm building should be located at the access point of
the land.
•4. Farmstead should not be constructed on the slope.
•5. Residential and office building should be located far
away from livestock house.

11. CALCULATION OF FARM SIZES AND PLANT POPULATION
• Plant population is the number of plants in an area of farmland.
Formula
•Plant Population =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑚2)
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔(𝑚2)
x No of seeds
•Spacing : it is the distance between crops on the same
field.
Within row spacing
Between row spacing
•NB: one hectare = 10000𝑚2

12. Class Task
The diagram below represents the survey of a school farm. Use it to answer
question (a) and (b).
70m
45m
90m
(a) Calculate the area of the land in
hectares.
(b) If the school plans to cultivate
plantain at a spacing of 4m x 4m on
80% of the land and pineapple at
spacing of 2m x 2m on 20% of the
land, calculate the number of plantain
and pineapple planting materials that
would be required for the farm.

13. Chain/Tape Surveying Practical
• Title: Tape surveying
• Aim: to measure and draw a site plan
• Instruments: tape measure, ranging pole, pegs, garden lines