OpenMI

1. 1
An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne
Delft Software Days 2014
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW)
Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW)
RWTH Aachen University

2. 2
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Motivation
Subsurface flood – the creeping flood
Surface flood well-known; extensive forecasting;
high awareness
Source: LFU Baden-Württemberg (2005)
Source: NRW, Hochwasserschutzfibel (1999)
Source: www.deggingen.de
Subsurface flood relatively unknown; no forecasting; low awareness

3. 3
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Motivation
Example Elbe flood 2002, city of Dresden time waterlevelh[mNN] 30.07.200230.08.200229.09.200230.10.200229.11.200230.12.200229.01.200301.03.2003103104105106107108109110111112Elbegroundwaterobservationpoint"Hauptbahnhof"
Source: SÄCHSISCHES LANDESAMT FÜR UMWELT UND GEOLOGIE (2003)
Groundwater level
central station

4. 4
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Seepage
Stability
Operational forecasting system for subsurface flood
Objective
Initial- and boundary conditions
Operational forecast
Forecast of groundwater level
Damage mitigation by warning

5. 5
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI
Design of the systems
Operational forecast
Prognose Flurabstand
Coupled, numerical system: groundwater with surface water
Forecast of groundwater level
Initial- / boundary conditions

6. 6
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of existing software tools and models via OPENMI: SOBEK 1D  FEFLOW
Design of the systems for Cologne
SOBEK 1D
FEFLOW
FEFLOW
Cologne

7. 7
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Existing models – SOBEK 1D (Deltares)
Ruhr
Lippe
Cologne
Lobith
Bonn

1D-Finite Differences model for surface water flow

OPENMI-compliant

Model operated by BfG (German Federal Institute for Hydrology)

ca. 208 km (Bonn Lobith)

200 m profile distance

8. 8
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling

2D-Finite Element model for groundwater flow

Made OPENMI-compliant by development of an interface (IFM)

2 models operated by RheinEnergie AG (left/right)
Existing models – FEFLOW (DHI-WASY)
260 km², 27615 nodes
197 km², 26140 nodes
left
right

9. 9
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Made OPENMI-
compliant by own development
FEFLOW 1
FEFLOW 2
OPENMI
SOBEK 3.1
OPENMI-compliant,
Cooperation with Deltares
FEFLOW i
OPENMI coupling: technical aspects
…
i
Porgrammier- schnitstelle OpenMI
OpenMI wrapper C#
Client
C++, Qt
Server
C++, Qt
Data,
commands
FEFLOW i
Programming Interface IFM
OPENMI
OPENMI wrapper C#
Client
Server

10. 10
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
OPENMI: exchange parameters
Surface flow 1-D
SOBEK
Groundwater flow
FEFLOW
Rhine
left
right
Q
h
h
h
Q
Q
Water level
Discharge
Per time steps

11. 11
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
SOBEK
grid-points
FEFLOW
Leakage-nodes

Coupling via grid points (SOBEK) to Leakage- nodes (FEFLOW)

Preprocessing: Semi- automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“- function in ArcMap
Coupling of water level h

12. 12
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modeling
Coupling of discharge Q

Coupling via Leakage- nodes (FEFLOW) to lateral discharge-points (SOBEK)

Preprocessing: Semi- automatic coupling with „nearest-neighbour“- function in ArcMap
SOBEK
lateral discharge -points
FEFLOW
Leakage-nodes

13. 13
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run of the model coupling
Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc.
Test run

14. 14
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Influence factors:

Water level in the river

Duration of the flood event

Initial groundwater level

…

Test runs for different discharges and initial
groundwater level
Test run
Reference: Becker (2013)

15. 15
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
SOBEK
FEFLOW
q=c⋅(hR-hGW)
Q
hR

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
30004000500060007000800090001000011000120003207532085320953210532115Q [m³/s] Time [d]
Test run
0
10
20
0
20000
h [m]
Q [m³/s]

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run

Initial conditions groundwater level

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
Q
h
3000400050006000700080009000100001100012000456789101112131432079320843208932094320993210432109 Discharge [m³/s] Water depth [m] Time [d]
h
Q

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
Q
h
3000400050006000700080009000100001100012000456789101112131432079320843208932094320993210432109 Discharge [m³/s] Water depth [m] Time [d]
h
Q

20. 20
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
020004000600080001000012000-120-100-80-60-40-20020406080320703207532080320853209032095321003210532110 Q [m³/s] ΔQ [m³/s] TimeDifferenz Abfluss [oGW-mGW] Abfluss Zulauf
Effluent conditions
Influent
conditions
Test run
woCoupling-wCoupling
outflow BC discharge

21. 21
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run
DLH
EM
WE
8633
Changing of initial conditions 3738394041424344454647320773208232087320923209732102 hG[mNN] Time [d] Water depth river rhineDLHEMWE

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Min. distance from ground level [m]
Max. Groundwater level [m]
Test run

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run – double peak 30004000500060007000800090001000011000 32077320873209732107321173212732137Discharge[m³/s] Time [d]

24. 24
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling

Subsurface flood: the creeping flood

Set-up of a coupled 1d-hydraulic model with groundwater models via OPENMI

First results of the coupled system for the Cologne area
Further validation and calibration of the model during high water in river Rhine
Summary and Outlook

25. 25
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
An operational forecasting system for subsurface flood in the city of Cologne
Delft Software Days 2014
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Bachmann (Deltares, formerly IWW)
Moritz Kreyenschulte, M.Sc. RWTH (IWW)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Schüttrumpf (IWW)
Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management (IWW)
RWTH Aachen University

26. 26
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling

Back Up

27. 27
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling

Next steps:

Further validation and calibration of the model during high water in river Rhine

Set up of groundwater measuring stations with data logger

Possibilities:

Model can be used for forecasting / scenario analysis / urban land-use planning

Flood risk maps for groundwater
Applications of results

28. 28
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Test run – Scenario 3 30004000500060007000800090001000011000 32077320873209732107321173212732137Discharge[m³/s]Time [d]

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
32077
32087
32097
32107
32117
32127
hG [mNN]
Time [d]
Water depth river rhine
DLH
EM
WE
Validation – Scenario 3
DLH
EM
WE
8633
Changing of initial conditions

30. 30
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Time of occurence of the maximum groundwater levels [d]
Validation – Scenario 3 01000200030004000500060007000-1010305070 Numberofpoints Time ofoccurenceofmax. h [d]

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
hR (SOBEK)
Direction of flow
River rhine
Groundwater
Q (FEFLOW)
Test run
Leakage
activated
()    ⋅ −⋅= smmhhcqGR ³ 1

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
hR (SOBEK)
Direction of flow
River rhine
Groundwater
Q (FEFLOW)
Test run
Leakage
activated ()    ⋅ −⋅= smmhhcqGR ³ 1

33. 33
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Initial conditions

Using data from X measuring stations

Automatic optimization using an ant colony algorithm
Boundary conditions

Are set in the existing models

Stationary BC

Changes to well BC shall be considered

Precipitation should be taken into account

Additional flood plains in the hinterland should be taken into account
Groundwater model

34. 34
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Initial conditions

Measured water level at measuring stations

Interpolation using „Kölner Pegel“

Generated set up gained from calculations

Does it matter? Do the results change significantly?
Boundary conditions

Forecast of discharge at the city of Bonn

Forecast is done by Hochwassermeldezentrum Mainz (Flood report Centre Mainz)
River Rhine

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Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
Auto boot of all models by OpenMI
Automatic input of initial conditions (FEFLOW)
Automatic input of ground level (digital terrain model)
Output of (max.) groundwater levels, (min.) distance of groundwater table to surface, time of occurence of max. groundwater levels (FEFLOW-Client)
Output of OpenMI-exchange parameter (h, Q) for every node and timestep
Output of log-files for Client and Server
Error-Treatment
Additional implementations

36. 36
Delft Software Days 2014 – Coupled surface-subsurface flood modelling
SOBEK
FEFLOW
GUI OpenMI
OpenMI coupling
Additional information in shell