The document discusses the capabilities and ongoing research using the D-Flow Flexible Mesh (D-Flow FM) modeling software, including its ability to model flows on grids of varying sizes and shapes. It outlines research being done on modeling mud and debris flows, internal seiches, and coupling near-field models. The document also provides examples of applications in estuaries, deep-sea mining, and ocean modeling that demonstrate D-Flow FM's capabilities.

1. The Present and Future
3D World
In and Around
D-Flow Flexible Mesh (D-Flow FM)
Rob Uittenbogaard & Herman Kernkamp
(Deltares Software Centre)
With Help from Numerous Colleagues
Delft Software Days - Keynote - Tuesday Nov 3 - 2015

2. 2
Deltares Domains Covered by NGHS (excluding Meteorology)
Meteorology

3. October 12, 2010
D-Flow FM - 1Dh & 2Dh & 3D – Flexibility in Grid Size and Shapes
Shapespentagons+…
Courtesy Mick van der Wegen a.o.

4. October 12, 2010
D-Flow FM - 1Dh & 2Dh & 3D – Flexibility in Grid Size and Shapes
Courtesy Martin Verlaan

5. 5
Computational Effort
Resolved Domains with 24h CPU
2Dh Depth-Averaged
3D Shallow-Flow Solver
Salt & Temp & Turb.
3D Large Eddy Simulation
3D Direct Numerical
Simulation

6. 6
Computational Effort
Resolved Domains with 24h CPU
2Dh Depth-Averaged
3D Shallow-Flow Solver
Salt & Temp & Turb.
3D Direct Numerical
Simulation
3D Large Eddy Simulation
CORMIX
WANDA-Locks
Bubble Plume Models
CFD (e.g. Turbines)

7. NGHS Wish List – Page 1
1D and 2D parallel
3D description of plant structure
3D parallel
Built in grid aggregation
Carbon storage Delft3D-WAQ
Coupling to MPM
Coupling with existing models e.g. inVEST (CSIRO)
Coupling with higher trophic levels
Coupling with morphology on different time scales
! Coupling with near-field models !

8. NGHS Wish List – Page 2
Creep and geochemistry
Data assimilation for calibration
! Fluid mud !
Feedback of vegetation dynamics to flow and sediment
transport
Flexible number of layers and mix between z and sigma
layering
Flexible timestep for optimal use of FM
! Easy coupling to global ocean models (e.g. NEMO, HYCOM) !
GUI for Delwaq-G
Heat flux modelling - excess

9. ! Heat flux modelling - Composite Heat Flux !
Implementation of bubble screens
Interactive runs - pause/modify/resume
! Internal waves !
Kalman filtering
Larvae modelling
Merger of Delft3D-WAQ and PART
! Modelling waves in 3D !
Moving observation points
NGHS Wish List – Page 3

10. Multiple density formulations
Non hydrostatic modelling
Non-newtonian sediment transport (Slib3D)
Online WAQ coupling
Parallelisation
Particle tracking
Partitioned output in time
Point sources and sink
Sand-mud bed module
NGHS Wish List – Page 4

11. Sediment modelling
Sediment transport and bed updating
! Solar radiation !
! Space and time-varying forcing for temp/humidity/cloudiness !
Sub grid bathymetry functionality (3Di project)
Tangential boundary conditions
! Time-varying meteorological input !
Trachytopes
Variable time step
NGHS Wish List – Page 5

12. Vegetation roughness modelling
Vegetation roughness via Baptist formula
Vertical mixing due to bubble screens
Water quality coupling with waves
Write output at specific times
Write output only after pre-defined spin up
! Z-layers !
NGHS Wish List – Page 6

13. 1 januari 2008
NGHS Planning Oct – Dec 2015
2Dh issues & 3D Morphology and Surface Waves Coupling (SWAN)
Research on Wave-Current Interaction

14. 14
Mud flow
critical flow
energy head
weirs
vertical mixing
heat fluxes
stratification
internal waves
Earth rotation
flood waves
bed friction
long waves
Earth rotation - tidal waves
gravity currents – stratification
turbulence - shear
dispersion - coastal jets
large-eddy simulation
non-hydrostatic pressure
Day 1 Day 1Day 2 Day 3
Physical Processes – per course day
Gravity

15. Mission Achieved
Dam-Break & Flooding - Invariance for Horizontal Grid Size & Shape

16. Research in Progress
Mud & Debris & Glacier-Ice Flows (Rheology)
  
 
   
 
n
yield
U
z
0 

 

yield
U
z

17. vapour flux w q 
Mission Achieved
Evaporation of Lakes and Reservoirs
Matthias Roth (NUS, 2009) – Bedok Reservoir
Lake Nasser - Surface Area: 6,900 km²
5.6 mm/day - 444 m³/s - 14 Gm³/year

18. Mission Achieved
Implemented in Delft3D-FLOW and D-Flow FM
Bedok Reservoir (Singapore)

19. Credit : Holzner et
al. 2012
-Aeration system (since 1985)
Winter : aeration by bubble
plume
Summer : oxygen supply
Lake Hallwil – Characteristics and Aeration System
-Eutrophic lake on the Swiss Plateau
-Max depth ~ 46 m
- Cyanobacteria : Planktothrix rubescens dominant
species from March to October
- Monthly survey of the lake

20. Research in Progress
Internal Seiches by 1DV model – Modal Analysis
2
0
 


 

g
N
z
2
2
ˆ
ˆ( ,c) 0 
d w
Q z w
d z
 
 
2 2
2
2 2
1
,   

N d U
Q z c k
U c d zU c

21. 11-11-2015
Future Validation
Internal Seiches by 1DV model

22. Mission Achieved
River Flow – Conveyance – Invariant for Grid Resolution
q ? [m2 s-1]


d
x
g
Given:
• Bed Roughness
• Water Depth
• Bed Slope
Invariance for Horizontal
Grid Size & Shape
Invariance for Vertical Size

23. Ongoing Research
Transformation of k-ε Turbulence Model – Other Bed Boundary Cond.
*
0
n
2
l 1


 
 
 
bed
bed
U
u
z
z
*
0
ln 1


 
 
 
bed
bed
ze
U
u
z
Delft3D-FLOW Layer Centered
D-Flow FM Layer Integrated
2


T
k
c
 T c k
Turbulence Model
Turbulence Modelk
k


k
For Details: M.Sc. Thesis Yoeri Dijkstra

24. Ongoing Research
Convergence Test and u* (dz/2) & u* (dz/e)
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
k-eps (dz/2)
k_tau (dz/2)
k-eps (dz/e)
k-tau (dz/e)
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024
&  k k
Number Vertical Layers
simulated
theory
q
q
Water Surface: *
0


 

U u
z H

25. Deltares Market
Estuaries - Rotterdam Waterway

26. 1
2
5
3
6
4
7,8,9
10
11
1213
15
14
Research in Progress
High Demands on Grid Resolution and Density Stratification

27. Research in Progress
Results Depend Too Strong on Sigma or Z-layer Grids…

28. Past Research – Code Validation
Internal Waves Generated by Bed Topography & Critical Layer Formation
Flux of
Internal Wave Energy
Conversion into
Turbulent Kinetic Energy
Pietrzak, Kranenburg & Abraham (Nature, 1990)
Koop & McGee (1986)

29. Past Research
Internal Waves and Small-Scale Mixing in Rotterdam Waterway
SCAMP
Microstructure
Profiler
100m 10m 1m
Displacement Scale [m]
Uittenbogaard & Imberger (1992)

30. Research & Deltares Market
Salt-Intrusion and Loss of Freshwater through Shipping Locks
14m Wide
148m Long
4.7m Deep
Lock DoorsAir-Bubble Screen Slots

31. Partially Achieved - Research in Progress
Coupling to Near-Field Models CORMIX – WANDA Locks
11 november 2015
WANDA-Locks
Sobek
H–given
Cl-given
Qdischarge, Sobek
H–given
Cl-given
Lock Salt Flux
kg/s Cl,Wanda
Qdischarge, Sobek
HSobek
[Cl]Sobek
CORMIX or CFD

32. Ocean Applications – Deep-Sea Mining
HYCOM → Delft3D-FLOW z-layers ↔ Delft3D-FLOW σ-levels
HYCOM Internal Tides
Z-layers (Delft3D-FLOW)
σ-levels (Delft3D-FLOW)

33. Ocean Applications
Sources of Internal Wave Energy (Thorpe, 1980)
Simulated by HYCOM..?

34. Internal Waves At Equatorial Undercurrent central Pacific

35. Griffiths & Linden (1981)
Ocean Applications
Radial Lock Exchange in Rotating System
Simulated by D-Flow FM

Rotating (Ω) Salt Water
Co-Rotating Freshwater
1 2
43

36. October 12, 2010
D-Flow Flexible Mesh Join Our Research & Development !!
Courtesy Martin Verlaan

37. Warranty: a priori not all examples will be implemented or validated
On what subjects would you like to collaborate with us?