Hybrid rice seed production technology in India has led to the development of over 125 hybrids since 1989. This is a major milestone for India to increase rice yields. Most hybrid seed is produced using cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, which make the plants sterile to facilitate cross-pollination. Proper isolation techniques like spatial, barrier, and time isolation must be employed to prevent contamination and ensure high quality hybrid seed. Application of gibberellic acid and flag leaf clipping can help synchronize flowering of the male and female parent lines for optimal hybrid seed production. Over 100 private companies in India are involved in this profitable business, which can provide net returns of Rs. 75,000-85,000 per hectare.

1. HYBRID RICE SEED
PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
Presented By: Dr. Akshay Kumar Vats
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture
MMDU, Mullana

2. BACKGROUND
• Hybrids i.e. first filial generation produce 20-30% more yield than HYV’s
• Hybrid seed production in Rice is a profitable venture which can give Rs. 75000-85000/ha
net returns and can generate employment opportunity ~20 million rurals i.e. requirement
of 100-105 extra man days/ha.
• Hybrid rice seed production technology in India achieved more than 125 hybrids since 1989
which is a leading milestone to achieve.
• More than~100 stable CMS lines and restorers are developed in India.
• More than 300 private companies are involved in hybrid seed production of Rice among
which 30 are leading. There is less contribution of government agencies in hybrid seed
production of rice as compared to private companies.

3. TECHNIQUES
• Due to cumbersome and expensive nature of manual emasculation male sterility system to
produce hybrid seed production in rice proved effective.
• There are two types of male sterility systems used for hybrid seed production in rice:
a. CMS- Cytoplasmic male sterility
b. GMS- Genetic male sterility which is further categorized in two types i.e. TGMS
(Temperature sensitive) and PGMS (Photoperiod sensitive).
• However GMS is not used in India to develop hybrids.
• More than 90% of hybrid seed production of Rice is through CMS system

4. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF HYBRID
RICE SEED PRODUCTION
Source- Research
Bulletin number
31,
NRRI

5. ISOLATION
• There are following three types of Isolation to avoid contamination from foreign pollens for
proper hybrid rice seed production
• Spatial Isolation
• Barrier Isolation
• Time Isolation

6. Source- Research
Bulletin
number 31,
NRRI

7. APPROACHES TO ADJUST FLOWERING FOR
SYNCHRONIZATION
Source- Research
Bulletin
number 31,
NRRI

8. A (SEED PARENT) TO R (POLLEN
PARENT)RATIO
Source- Research
Bulletin
number 31,
NRRI

9. APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3)
It is an efficient and effective plant growth regulator, which stimulates the cell elongation,
thus can be used to enhance panicle exsertion in CMS line. Besides, GA3 has the following
favourable effects:
• Increases the duration of floret opening
• Increases stigma exsertion and receptivity
• Promotes plant height
• Influences flowering and hence flowering in parental lines can be adjusted
• Widens the flag leaf angle
• Promotes exsertion and growth rate of secondary and tertiary tillers.

10. FLAG LEAF CLIPPING
Source- Research
Bulletin number
31,
NRRI

11. STATE WISE SUITABLE
HYBRIDS IN INDIA
Source- Research
Bulletin number
31,
NRRI

12. LIST OF CMS LINES DEVELOPED IN NRRI,
CUTTACK
Source- Research Bulletin number 31,
NRRI

13. AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH
HYBRID RICE SEED PRODUCTION

14. COST ANALYSIS OF HYBRID RICE
Source- Research
Bulletin number
31,
NRRI