Students learn about and practice identifying -ed and -s inflection rules.

1. PRONUNCIATION
Word endings

2. -ED
• The sound that comes immediately before an -ed
ending determines the way to pronounce the
ending.
• /d/
• /ed/
• /t/

3. CAN YOU MAKE THE RULES?
Cleaned
Wanted
Named
Started
Traveled
Excited
Learned
Robbed
/d/
/ed/
/t/
Directed
Decided
Skipped
Sniffed
Tipped
Missed
Wished
Picked

4. RULE 1
Rule 1: /d/ After all voiced consonants except /d/ and after all vowel
sounds.
(b, v, g, r, l, n, m and all vowels). Do NOT add an extra syllable.
Cleaned
Named
Traveled
Learned
Robbed

5. RULE 2
Rule 2: /ed/ as a separate syllable after /d/ and /t/.
waited
wanted
started
excited
directed
decided

6. RULE 3
Rule 3: /t/ after all voiceless consonants. Do NOT add an extra syllable.
(p, f, t, k, s, sh, ch)
Skipped
Sniffed
Tipped
Missed
Wished
Picked
Crunched

7. Achieved
Emphasized
Promoted
Confirmed
Purchased
Exposed
Ripped
Shredded
Worried
Raced
Tested
Experienced
Motivated
Disappointed
Commented
Accepted
Separated
PRACTICE

8. -S
• The sound that comes immediately before an -s ending
determines the way to pronounce the ending.
• /Iz/
• /s/
• /z/

9. CAN YOU MAKE THE RULES?
prices
steps
labs
quizzes
graphs
observes
wishes
sits
bags
beaches
makes
occurs
garages
stereotypes
examples
oranges
runs
/Iz/
/s/
/z/

10. RULE 1
Rule 1: /Iz/ when the noun or verb ends with the sound of s, z, sh, ch, zh, or j.
Note that this adds an extra syllable.
prices
quizzes
wishes
beaches
garages
oranges

11. RULE 2
Rule 2: /s/ when the noun or verb ends in a voiceless consonant sound (p, f, t,
k).
Do NOT add an extra syllable.
steps
graphs
sits
makes
stereotypes

12. RULE 3
Rule 3: /z/ when the verb or adjective ends in a voiced consonant sound (b,
v, g, r, l, n, m and all vowels). Do NOT add an extra syllable.
labs
observes
bags
occurs
examples
runs

13. Achieves
Emphasizes
Promotes
Confirms
Purchases
Exposes
Rips
Shreds
Worries
Races
Tests
Experiences
Motivates
Disappoints
Comments
Accepts
Separates
PRACTICE