This document discusses various methods of biodiversity conservation in Kerala, including both in-situ and ex-situ conservation. It describes wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, community reserves, biosphere reserves, and sacred groves as examples of in-situ conservation where organisms are protected within their natural habitats. Ex-situ conservation efforts discussed include zoological gardens, botanical gardens, and gene banks which protect organisms outside their natural environments.

1. DIVERSITY FOR
SUSTENANCE

2. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
Conservation of organisms within their
natural habitat is termed as
in-situ conversation.
Eg: Wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks,
Community Reserves, etc.

3. WILD LIFE SANCTUARY

4. WILD LIFE SANCTUARY
These are forest areas declared as
protected areas to prevent the
extinction of wild lives by protecting
the ecosystem.
Peppara, Periyar, Wayanad etc., are
examples of wild life sanctuaries in
Kerala.

5. NATIONAL PARKS

6. NATIONAL PARKS
National Parks are designed to protect
wild lives along with the protection of
historical monuments, natural
resources and geographical features
of an area.
Eravikulam, Silent Valley, Anamudi
Shola, Mathikettan Shola and
Pambadum Shola are the national
parks in Kerala.

7. COMMUNITY RESERVES

8. COMMUNITY RESERVES
Community reserves are areas
protected with the participation of the
public.
These are ecologically important
places located in populated areas.
The Kadalundi Community Reserve
spread over the districts of
Malappuram and Kozhikode is an
example

9. BIOSPHERE RESERVES

10. BIOSPHERE RESERVES
These are vast regions designed with
an aim to protect world's important
ecosystems, biodiversity and genetic
resources.
Biosphere reserves like the Nilgiris
and Agasthyarkoodam include areas
belonging to Kerala too

11. SACRED GROVES

12. SACRED GROVES
These are small areas of biodiversity
protected in regions inhabited by
human beings.
Due to changes in life style many of
these which were highly bio-rich have
been destroyed. Only a few are
remaining now.
Sacred groves play an important role
in the conservation of water in the
region too.

13. ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS
 Ecological hotspots are areas rich in
endemic species but facing the threat of
habitat destruction.
 Each hotspot is ecologically a very
important area of biodiversity.
 Out of the 34 hotspots all over the world, 3
of them are in India.
 They are the Western Ghats, North-Eastern
Himalayas and the Indo-Burma region

14. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
Conservation of organisms
outside their natural habitats is
termed ex-situ conservation.
Eg : Zoological garden, botanical
garden, gene bank

15. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS

16. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS
 Zoological gardens are conservation
centres where different varieties of animals
are protected and housed separately and
where necessary arrangements are made
available for their reproduction.
 They also function as conservation centres
of organisms which have become extinct in
wild.
 There are zoological gardens at
Thiruvananthapuram and Thrissur in Kerala.

17. BOTANICAL GARDENS

18. BOTANICAL GARDENS
 These are wide research centres where rare
and important plants of diverse species are
protected.
 We can identify many plants and get more
information about them by visiting a
botanical garden.
 Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden
and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) at
Palode in Thiruvananthapuram and Malabar
Botanical
Garden (MBG) at Olavanna in Kozhikode
are examples

19. GENE BANKS

20. GENE BANKS
These are research centres with
facilities to collect seeds and gametes
to preserve them for a long time.
Organisms can be recreated out of
them whenever required.
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
at Thiruvananthapuram is an example.

21.  What is the scope of ex-situ conservation?
It is possible to conserve the
endangered animals by keeping them in
specialized environment and by providing
suitable conditions for reproduction. Rare
species of plants can be conserved. Seeds,
gametes, etc. Can be collected and make we
when necessary.
 What is the significance of gene banks?
Gene banks are research centers.
Here special arrangements are these to collect
seeds, gametes, etc. And to preserve them for
long periods. Animals can be recreated when
necessary.

22. IUCN
(INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
CONSERVATION OF NATURE)
IUCN is a Switzerland based
independent organization working
for the protection of
biodiversity.

23. WWF
(WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE)
o Biodiversity conservation, prevention
of exploitation and pollution of natural
resources are the objectives of WWF.
o Its headquarters is also
in Switzerland

24. THANK YOU