The document discusses biodiversity conservation in India. It outlines the objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Forests to conserve biodiversity through protected areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and sacred groves. It also discusses the different methods of conserving biodiversity, including in-situ conservation within natural habitats and ex-situ conservation outside natural habitats in facilities like botanical gardens, gene banks and seed banks. The document provides examples of important national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and other conservation facilities in India.

1. BIODIVERSITY
Lecture-5

2. Conservation of Biodiversity
By
Dr. Suri Babu Golla
Assistant Professor
EM & H Department
SRKR Engineering College
Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
Mail: suribabu.g@srkrec.ac.in

3. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
 The enormous value of biodiversity due to
their genetic, commercial, medical, aesthetic,
ecological and optional importance
emphasizes we need to conserve
biodiversity.
 In order to maintain and conserve biodiversity
the MoEF, GOI has already taken several
steps to manage wildlife.

4.  The main objectives of MoEF, GOI were
 Maintenance of number of spp. in protected areas
(Such as National parks/sanctuaries etc)
 To improve biosphere reserves
 Implement strict restrictions of export of rare
plants and animals.
 Educate the public on these through Govt.
agencies and by NGO’s

5.  Different methods for conservation of
biodiversity
 Biosphere reserves
 National parks
 Wildlife sanctuaries
 Wetlands
 Mangroves
 Sacred groves
 Reserved forests and protected forests
 Preservation plots

6.  Conservation of biodiversity can be done by two
ways such as In-situ and Ex-situ.
 In-situ conservation (within habitat): This is
achieved by protection of wild flora and fauna in
nature itself, e.g. Biosphere Reserves, National
Parks, Sanctuaries, Reserve Forests etc.
 As a consequence, protected areas are being
identified and maintained for natural conservation of
spp by individual countries.

7.  For the conservation and management of
endangered spp, several projects have been
established like Project Tiger, Gir lion project,
Project elephat, snow leopard project etc.
 At present we have
 9 Biosphere reserves
 104 National parks
 420 Wildlife sanctuaries and
 120 Botanical gardens

8.  Biosphere Reserves conserve some representative
ecosystems as a whole for long-term In-situ
conservation.
 Nanda Devi biosphere reserve-Uttarakhand
 Gulf of Mannar- Tamil Nadu
 Nilgiri biosphere reserve- TamilNadu, Karnataka and
Kerala
 Within Biosphere Reserves we may have one or
more National parks. For example
 Nilgiri biosphere reserve has two National parks they are
Bandipura and Nagarhole National park

9.  A National park is an area dedicated for the
conservation of wildlife along with its environment.
 A National park is park in use for conservation
purposes and it is protected.
 Each National park usually aims at conservation
specifically of some particular species of wildlife
along with other.
 Some of the major national parks of our country are

10.  Some important National Parks of our country
Name of the National Park State Best known as the
home of…
Kaziranga Assam One-horned Rhino
Gir Gujarat Indian Lion
Jim Corbett Uttarakhand Tiger
Periyar Kerala Elephant, Tiger
Bandipura Karnataka Elephant
Ranthambore Rajasthan Tiger
Sariska Rajasthan Tiger
Kanha Madhya Pradesh Tiger
Dachigam J&K Hangul
Keoladeo Ghana Rajasthan Siberian Cranes

11.  Wildlife sanctuaries are also protected areas where
killing, hunting, shooting or capturing of wildlife is
prohibited except under the control of highest
authority. However, forestry operations are also
permitted to an extent that they do not affect the
wildlife adversely.
 Some important wildlife sanctuaries of India
 #Ghana bird sanctuary-Rajasthan
 Vedanthangal bird sanctuary- Tamil Nadu
 Kaundinya bird sanctuary- Chittoor,Andhra Pradesh
 Jaldapara wildlife sanctuary- West Bengal
#Keoladeo National park or Keoladeo Ghana National park formerly known
as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.

12.  Botanical Gardens is a garden dedicated to the
collection, cultivation, preservation and display of a
wide range of plants labelled with their botanical
names.
 Some important Botanical Gardens of India
 Lalbagh/ The Mysore State Botanical Gardens, Bangalore.
 Lloyd Botanical gardens, Darjeeling.
 National Botanical Garden, Lucknow.
 Botanical Garden of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.
 Indian Botanical Garden, Kolkata, The largest botanical
garden of India.

13. Andhra Pradesh
 Andhra Pradesh has 1,64.325.89 Sq.km. of geographical area
of the Notified Forest area is 36,914.69 sq.km. which is
22.46% of its geographical area. Forest under Protected Area
Network is 8139.89 sq.km. which is 22.05%.
 There are
 1 Tiger Reserve (Nagarjuna sagar Srisailam Tiger reserve,
Nallamala, Kurnool)
 1 Elephant Reserve (Koundinya Sanctuary and Rayala
Elephant Reserve, Chittoor)
 1 Biosphere Reserve (Seshachalam, Chittoor)
 3 National Parks and
 13 Wildlife Sanctuaries in the State.

14. Andhra Pradesh
 National Parks
 Sri Venkateswara National Park- Tirupati.
 Papikonda National Park- East and West Godavari
districts
 Rajiv Gandhi National Park- Kadapa Dist.
 Zoological Parks
 Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park, Tirupati.
 Smt. Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam

15. Andhra Pradesh
 Wild Life Sanctuaries (WLS):
 1.Coringa WLS -East Godavari
 2. Kolleru WLS -West Godavari and Krishna
 3. Krishna WLS - Krishna
 4.Rollapadu WLS -Kurnool
 5. Gundla Brahmeswara WLS-Kurnool and Prakasam
 6. Sri Lankamalleswara WLS- Kadapa and Nellore
 7. Nelapattu WLS -Nellore
 8.Pulicat WLS-Nellore
 9. Koundinya WLS-Chittoor
 10. Sri Venkateswara WLS-Chittoor
 11. Sri Penisula Narasimha Swamy WLS- Nellore and Kadapa
 12. Kambalakonda WLS- Visakhapatnam and
 13. Rajiv Gandhi WLS- Kurnool, Prakasam and Guntur.

16. Ex-situ Conservation:
 It is the maintenance and breeding of endangered
spp. Under certain conditions and locations or it
refers to conservation of spp. In suitable locations
outside their natural habitat.
 This is done by establishment of gene banks, seed
banks, culture collections etc.
 In this method the animals spp. are kept in
zoological parks and plants are kept in botanical
gardens to multiply under artificial conditions.

17.  Various apporaches for Ex-Situ conservation
 Field gene banks: Growing plants have been
assembled
 Seed banks: plants seeds are suitable for long
term storage
 Research labs that is stem tips are kept under low
temperatures i.e. cryo preservation by using liquid
nitrogen (LN2) and its temp is -196 degrees
Celcius

18.  In India, we have the following important gene
bank/seed bank facilities:
 (i) National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
(NBPGR) is located in New Delhi. Here agricultural
and horticultural crops and their wild relatives are
preserved by cryo-preservation of seeds, pollen etc.
by using liquid nitrogen at a temperature as low as -
196 °C.
 Varieties of rice, pearl millet, Brassica, turnip, radish,
tomato, onion, carrot, chilli, tobacco, poppy etc.
have been preserved successfully in liquid nitrogen
for several years without losing seed viability.

19.  (ii) National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources
(NBAGR) located at Karnal, Haryana. It preserves the
semen of domesticated bovine animals.
 (iii) National Facility for Plant Tissue Culture
Repository (NFPTCR) for the development of a facility
of conservation of varieties of crop plants/trees by tissue
culture. This facility has been created within the NBPGR
that is at New Delhi.

20. Seed Bank

21.  Endangered animal species are preserved using
similar techniques.
 The genetic information needed in the future to
reproduce endangered animal species can be
preserved in genebanks, which consist of
cryogenic facilities used to store living sperm,
eggs, or embryos.
 The Zoological Society of San Diego has
established a "frozen zoo" to store such samples
from more than 355 species, including
mammals, reptiles, and birds.

22. Frozen Zoo

23. Thank you
Dr. Suri Babu. Golla
Asst. Professor,
S.R.K.R. Engg. College,
Bhimavaram.