2. Colonial Society Divided
Six Classes of People
____________ – Born in Spain
____________ – Europeans
born in Latin America
Meztizo –
________________________
Mulattos –
________________________
Natives & Africans
3. Revolutions in the
Americas
________________________first Latin American
Country to gain independence from Europe
6. Napoleon’s Spanish King
Many people in Spain and Latin America revolt
After old king was restored, Latin American
revolutions continue
7. Latin American Leaders
Simon Bolivar –
________________________________
Helped Venezuela win independence in 1821
8. Latin American Leaders
________________________– Helped Argentina
win independence in 1816, and Chile in 1818
9. Joseph de San Martin and
Simon Bolivar
1824, joined forces to defeat Spanish and make
________________________
10. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Mestizos and Natives fought for independence
1810, priest ________________________made a
Grito de Dolores - A call for peasants to fight
Priest Jose Maria Morelos took over
They won in 1815
11. 1821, Mexico officially won independence
1823, ________________________separated from
Mexico
12. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Napoleon invaded Portugal in
1807
Portuguese King John VI fled
to Brazil
Helped Brazil for 10 yrs
13. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Asked Pedro to rule Brazil
1823, Brazil becomes independent
through a bloodless revolt
14.
15. Clash of Philosophies
____________ - usually
wealthy, argued to protect
monarchies
____________ -middle
class merchants want more
power to elected parliament
____________ - peasants,
want drastic changes and
democracy to all people
16. Nationalism Develops
____________ - loyalty
should be dedicated to the
nation, not the ruler
Usually Liberals or
Radicals
____________–nation with
independent government
18. Nationalists Challenge
Conservative Power
Ottomans controlled the ____________
Region that includes Greece and other countries
1821, __________ were the first to fight for
independence
27. The Third Republic
Important Reforms:
1882, primary education 6-
13years old
1884,
___________________
1900,
___________________
1906, employers must give
employees one day off per
week
28. France Accepts a Strong
Ruler
Citizens kicked Louis Philippe out
Formed new government
He built railroads, decreased
unemployment, and country
prospered
29. Reforms in Russia
1800, Russia still not ____________
1820s, ____________ still existed
Prevented economic improvement
Freeing serfs would anger the Nobles
31. End of Serfdom
1861, serfs granted freedom
Nobles kept half the land
32. Reform and Reaction
Everyone had 49 years to pay government for land
Alexander III encouraged
________________________
33.
34. Setting the Stage
Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe
1800’s, ________________________
Congress created political boundaries
Controlled by large empires
38. The Russian Empire
Crumbles
Russification –
________________________________
Helped strengthen national feelings and breakup
Russia
1917, Last Romanov czar
43. Garibaldi Brings Unity
Giuseppe Garibaldi- called the sword of Italy
Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South
America
44. Garibaldi Brings Unity
Used guerilla warfare
1870 French forced to withdraw
troops from Rome
45. The Red Shirts
Nickname because of Garibaldi’s uniform
Italian troops enter Rome
Italy unified
46. Steps Toward Unification
1848 Italy and Germany
___________________
__
39 separate states with
a common language
and culture were ready
to unite
47. German Issues
German liberals
revolted in Prussia
German unity should
promote individual
rights and liberal
reforms
48. Bismarck Takes Control
____________- conservative member of
Prussia’s wealthy
1847 becomes politician
1862 Wilhelm I chose Bismarck as
Prussia’s Prime Minister
50. Bismarck
Argued German unity would not be won by
speeches and majority vote but by “blood and iron”
He collected the taxes anyway
51. Prussia Expands
1864 formed and alliance with Austria against
____________
Schelswig and Holstein should be controlled
German Federation
52. The Seven Weeks’ War
•
• Persuaded Napoleon III
to keep France neutral
•
• Austria declared war on
Prussia
53. The Austro-Prussian War
• Prussia’s king
blamed Austria for
starting the war
•
• War dissolved the
German
Confederation
•
54. The Franco-Prussian War
• Only three states
out of Prussian
control
– Another war
needed to include
southern states
• 1870 conflict with
France
55. The Franco-Prussian War
• These states
supported Prussia
and the north
German states in a
war against France
•
• The peace treaty
declared the
unification of
Germany
56. Creating the German Empire
Victory created a
German Empire
Allied German
states met at
Versailles
Germany rose in
power
57. The Empire’s Growth and
Change
• 1871 Germany
prospered
•
• Holy Roman
Empire was the
____________
58. Bismarck and the Wilhelm II
• Bismarck did not want to
expand German borders
–
• Alliances
– Austria, Hungary
– Protect each other
from attack
59. A Shift in Power
1815 Congress of
Vienna established 5
Great Powers in Europe
1871 Germany and
Britain the most
powerful militarily and
economically
60.
61. The Romantic Movement
1800’s Enlightenment
ideas reason in art
_________________
_-reflected a deep
interest in nature and
in thought of feelings
of the individual
Writers reacted against
Enlightenment ideas
62. The Ideas of Romanticism
• Emotion or wild
emotion was a key
element
63. Romanticism in Literature
Poetry, music and painting
the most influential arts
____________- poetry was
the highest form of
expression
64. The Gothic Novel
• Gothic horror stories
• Took place in
medieval castles
•
66. The Shift to Realism in the
Arts
• ____________-tried
to show life as it was,
not as it should be
• ____________showe
d the political
importance of the
working class
