paper battery technical seminar

1. PAPER BATTERY
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BY
ANSHU.S -19VE1A05H2
(2019-2023)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
SRILATHA PULI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

2. INTRODUCTION
• A paper battery is an electric battery
which was engineered to use a spacer
formed largely of cellulose -the major
constituent of paper. This helps
to incorporates nano-scale structures
to act as high surface-area electrodes
to perk up conductivity.
• In addition to being unusually thin,
paper batteries are more flexible and
environmentally-friendly compared to
other batteries. These batteries allow
integration into a wide range of
products; and their functioning is
similar to conventional chemical
batteries with an significant
difference that they are non-corrosive
and do not require widespread
housing.

3. INTRODUCTION
• A Paper Battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production
device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional
sheet of cellulose-based paper.
• The nano materials are one dimensional structure with very small
diameters.
• It can be bent and twisted, trimmed with scissors or molded into any
needed shape.
• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super capacitor.
This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady
power production and bursts of energy.
• It is non toxic, environment friendly and is everything that a
conventional battery is not.

4. PRINCIPLE
• The battery produces electricity in the same way as the
conventional lithium-ion batteries, but all the components have
been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.
• The device are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion
of aligned carbon nanotubes.
• The electrolyte and the ions that carry the charge can be varied
depending the use of the battery.
• A conventional li-ion battery can be incorpoted in cellulose-
nanotube composite as shown in the next slide.

5. PAPER BATTERY VS
CONVENTIONAL BATTERY
• Presently, electrochemical battery is mostly used for
everyday electronics, but having some problems such as
limited life time, leakage and environmental concerns.
• On the other hand, a fuel cells battery is costly and faces
portability issues. Similarly, a solar cell battery is not
versatile and adaptable in emergency power back-up
situations.
• Unlike the traditional types of batteries, a paper battery is far
away from all basic problems, and is considered to be the
more eco-friendly option.
• It is an ultra-thin, flexible energy storage device and has
advantages over other conventional batteries by being light
in weight, rechargeable, biodegradable, leakproof, non-toxic,
light weight, cost-efficient and reusable & recyclable.

6. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Cellulose based paper
• Black carbon ink
• Cathode(air, graphite)
• Anode(zinc,lithium)
• Seperator(paper)
• Current collector
• Water based electrolyte

7. CONSTRUCTION
• The major components used for the construction of paper battery
include:
• Carbon Nanotube(CNT)-used for cathode terminal.
• Lithium metal(Li+) -used for anode terminal.
• Different types of electrolytes that include blood, urine and sweat
(which are termed as bio electrolytes).
• Paper(Cellulose separator)

8. CONSTRUCTION
The construction includes the following 7 steps:
1. Take a cellulose based paper and apply black
carbon ink on it.
2. Spread this ink applied on the paper.
3. After spreading ink, laminate a thin film over
the cellulose surface.
4. Heat the cellulose paper for 5min at 80
degreeC.
5. Then, peel off the film from the substrate.
6. The electrodes of paper battery are formed
by the film. The electrolytes LTO and LCO
are connected to different films.
7. The functioning of paper battery can be
checked by connecting battery terminals to
the LED.

9. ADVANTAGES
• Following are the advantages of Paper Battery:
• The properties of cellulose and carbon nanotunes as outlined above
are the great benefits in paper battery design and development.
• It is bio-compatible and hence they can easily adopted by our
immune system.
• They can be re-used and re-cycled by using techniques of existing
paper recycling.
• The paper batteries are rechargeable using all electrolytes.
• It is durable and operates in wide temperature range.
• There is no leakage problem as no leaky fluids are used in its
design.

10. ADVANTAGES
• There is no leakage problem as no leaky fluids are used in
its design.
• It does not overheat even under extreme conditions due to
low resistance characteristics.
• Flexible and light in weight.
• Paper battery with desired shapes and sizes can be
manufactured.
• Output voltage is customizable due to the fact that CNT
(carbon nanotubes) concentration can be varied and
stacking/slicing can be changed.

11. IMPLEMENTATION
• The conventional rechargeable batteries which we use in our day-to-day life
consist of various separating components which are used for producing
electrons with the chemical reaction of a metal and electrolyte.
• If once the paper of the battery is dipped in ion-based liquid, then the battery
starts working i.e., electricity is generated by the movement of electrons from
cathode terminal to anode terminal.
• This is due to the chemical reaction between the electrodes of paper battery
and liquid.
• Due to the quick flow of the ions within a few seconds (10sec) energy will be
stored in the paper-electrode during the recharging.
• By stacking various paper-batteries up on each other, the output of the paper
battery can be increased.

12. IMPLEMENTATION
• As the paper batteries are
connected each other very closely
for increasing their output, there is
chance of occurring short between
the anode terminal and cathode
terminal.
• If once the anode terminal contacts
with cathode terminal, then there
will be no flow of current in the
external circuit.
• Thus, to avoid the short circuit
between anode and cathode a
barrier or separator is needed,
which can be fulfilled by the paper
separator.

13. IMPLEMENTATION
• The paper battery can be used for various applications
as it facilitates advantages such as folding, twisting,
molding, crumpling, shaping, and cutting without
affecting on its efficiency.
• As the paper batteries are the combination of cellulose
paper and carbon nanotubes, which facilitates
advantages of long term usage, steady power, and
bursts of energy.
• These types of paper batteries are estimated to use for
powering the next generation vehicles and medical
devices.

14. APPLICATION
Following are the applications of Paper Battery:
• It can be used in electronics for charging various devices
e.g. laptop, cameras, mobile phones, calculators etc.
• It can be used in wireless devices e.g. mouse, keyboard,
speakers, bluetooth headsets etc.
• It can be used in medical applications such as artificial
tissues, cosmetics, glucose meters, sugar meters etc.
• It can be used in aircrafts and automobiles as hybrid car
batteries, guided missiles etc.

15. TECHNOLOGIES
• A metal–air electrochemical cell is an electrochemical cell that
uses an anode made from pure metal and an external cathode of
ambient air, typically with an aqueous or aprotic electrolyte.
• During discharging of a metal–air electrochemical cell, a reduction
reaction occurs in the ambient air cathode while the metal anode
is oxidized.
• The specific capacity and energy density of metal–air
electrochemical cells is higher than that of lithium-ion batteries,
making them a prime candidate for use in electric vehicles.
• While there are some commercial applications, complications
associated with the metal anodes, catalysts, and electrolytes have
hindered development and implementation of metal–air batteries.

16. CONCLUSION
• The range of possible applications for paper batteries derives
from their important advantages as compared to conventional
battery technologies.
• They can be made in virtually any shape and assize to meet the
requirements of each application.
• The batteries are rechargable, and have reduced cost and
weight which in itself may give birth to new applications .
• Paper battery could solve all the problems associated with
electrical energy storage.
• However the reality is still very far away, though the
researches are promising.

17. REFERENCES
• L. Hu, J. W. Choi, Y. Yang, S. Jeong, F. La Mantia, F. Cui, et al., "Highly
conductive paper for energy-storage devices", Proc. Nat. Academy Sci., vol.
106, pp. 21490-21494, 2009.
• L. Hu, H. Wu, F. La Mantia, Y. Yang and Y. Cui, "Thin flexible secondary
Li-ion paper batteries", ACS Nano, vol. 4, pp. 5843-5848, 2010.
• S. Stewart, P. Albertus, V. Srinivasan, I. Plitz, N. Pereira, G. Amatucci, et
al., "Optimizing the performance of lithium titanate spinel paired with
activated carbon or iron phosphate", J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 155, pp.
A253-A261, 2008.
• L. Hu, D. S. Hecht and G. Gruner, "Percolation in transparent and
conducting carbon nanotube networks", Nano Lett., vol. 4, pp. 2513-2517,
2004.

18. FUTURE SCOPE
• A piece of paper can power a small light.
• Flexible paper battery could meet the energy
demand of the next generation of gadgets.
• A paper battery is a glimpse into the future of
power storage.
• The versatile paper, which stores energy like a
conventional battery, can also double as
capacitors of releasing sudden bursts for high
power applications.
• If paper battery technology had developed at
the same rate, a heavy duty car battery would
be the size of a penny.

19. QUERIES???????????

20. THANKYOU !!!!