i tried to Cover all the applications of paper battery in this slide. this slide is very useful for all technical students

1. PAPER BATTERY AND IT’S
APPLICATIONS
Guided By Presented By
Dr. Govind Singh Anamika Singh
B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
ROLL.NO. 124503
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidhalaya
Chitrakoot Satna (M.P.)
2016-2017

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Objective
• Problems with Li-ion batteries
• Paper Battery
• Principle
• Cellulose paper
• Carbon Nanotubes
• Fabrication and working
• Advantage & Limitations
• Application & latest research
• Conclusion
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION

3. Objective
“A Battery may actually be a super Capacitor”
Term-
• Battery
• Capacitor
• Super capacitor
Function SuperCapacitor Li-ion
Charge time 1-10s 10-60 min
Cell Voltage 2.3-2.75V 3.6-3.7V
Cost/Wh $20 $0.50- $1
Charge Temperature -40 to 65°c 0-45°c
ServiceLife(vehicle) 10-15 years 5-10 years
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

4. Introduction
A paper battery is a battery engineered to use a paper-thin
sheet of cellulose infused with aligned carbon nanotubes.
• In August 2007, a research team at RENSSELEAR
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE led by Drs. Robert Linhardt,
John H.Broadbent, Pulickel M.Ajayan, Omkaram Nalamasu with
a joint appointment in Material science and engineering
developed the Paper Battery.
• In December 2009 Yi Cui and his team at STANFORD
UNIVERSITY successfully made an actual prototype that gave
a terminal voltage of 1.5V(For a postage stamp sized ).
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION

5. Problems with Li-ion batteries
• Limited life-time
• Weight and size
• Environmental hazards
• Corrosion, leakage
• High cost ( BESS $23million for a 20 MW plant
installed by AES in Johnson )
• Thermal stability at high temperatures
• No commercially viable recycling process for used
Li-ion batteries( <10%)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

6. Paper Battery
• A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage
and production device formed by combining carbon
nanotubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose-
based paper.
• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery
and super capacitor. This combination allows the
battery to provide both long-term, steady power
production and bursts of energy.
• It can be bent and twisted, trimmed with scissors or
molded into any needed shape.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

7. Principle
Paper Battery= Paper (Cellulose) + Carbon Nanotubes
The battery produces electricity in the same way as the
conventional lithium-ion batteries, but all the components
have been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of
paper
• Electrode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT) as cathode and a
thin lithium layer as anode
• Electrolyte: All electrolytes, Ionic liquid (incl. bio
electrolytes like blood, sweat and urine)
• Separator: Paper (Cellulose)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII SEM
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

8. Cellulose Paper
Cellulose is one of many polymers found in nature.
Cellulose is made of repeat units of the monomer
glucose
• High Tensile strength; Low Shear Strength
• Biodegradable & Biocompatible
• Excellent Porosity & Absorption Capacity
• Easily Reusable and Recyclable
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

9. Carbon Nanotubes
A carbon nanotubes is a tube shaped material,
made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on
the nanometer scale.
Carbon Nanotubes have many structures,
differing in length, thickness, and in the type of
helicity and number of layers.
These Nanotubes, which colour the paper
black, act as electrodes and allow the storage
devices to conduct electricity.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

10. Carbon Nanotubes
Properties-
• 100 times stronger than steel
• Low resistance (~33 ohm per sq. inch).
• Temperature operating range: -75°C to +150°C
• Thickness: typically about 0.5-0.7mm
• Very Good Electrical Conductivity (better than
Silicon).
• The O.C.V. of Paper Batteries is directly proportional
to CNT concentration.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
material Tensile strength
Gpa orN/mm2
Steel 0.65-1
SWNT 13-53
MWNT 150

11. Carbon Nanotubes
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
According to Layers-
1) SWNT-Single Wall Nano-tube
Cost- $20-2000/g
2) DWNT-Dual Wall Nano-tube
Cost- $10/g
3) MWNT-Multi Wall Nano-tube
Cost- $0.5-100/g

12. Fabrication
Steps-
1. Black carbon ink which is solution of nano rods, surface
adhesive agent, silver nanowires and ionic liquid
solutions is being spread on a paper spread on the paper
2. A thin lithium film is laminated over the exposed
cellulose surface
3. The paper is kept in the oven at 150 degree Celsius
4. Next, the paper is peeled off from the substrate battery
5. Connect a LED on both the ends of the battery and check
its functionality.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

13. Fabrication (Cont.)
Apply Black
carbon ink on
paper
Lamination of
thin lithium film
Heating of Paper
upto 5 min. at
150°c
Crumple the
piece of paper
A Paper Battery is ready
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

14. Working of paper Battery
• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between
electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery
and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal.
• The ionic liquid electrolyte that is soaked into the paper is
a liquid salt and contains no water, so it won’t freeze or
boil
• Aluminum rods are used to transfer current between the 2
electrodes.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

15. Advantages
• If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the
voltage. If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we
can control the power and voltage issue
• Environment friendly.
• It could charge 10-20 times faster than conventional Li-ion
batteries.
• Light, rugged, flexible, can be rolled, crunched, cut, made into
any shape.
• Because it consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be used
to power pacemakers within the body where conventional
batteries pose a toxic threat.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

16. Limitations
• Presently, the devices are only a few inches across
and they have to be scaled up to sheets of newspaper
size to make it commercially viable
• Carbon nanotubes are expensive
• The idea is still in the labs and a commercially viable
paper battery will take at least 40-60 years to become
a reality
• Theses batteries generate e-wastage
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

17. Applications
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

18. Applications(Cont.)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

19. Applications(Cont.)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
The latest nanomaterials made of extremely thin and
strong carbon fiber replace the car’s steel body panels
and can be used in the car’s roof, doors, and floor. These
panels also doubles up as the car’s battery
The car’s weight
can be reduced by
15%
This material can be charged by
Plugging into the main electricity grid
Hamessing the energy generated when
the car brakes
The body panel
are discharged as
the car’s electric
motor is used

20. Applications(Cont.)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP
Paper Battery in Head Phone

21. Applications(Cont.)
Power Responder product lines provides high-energy and low leakage to allow long
lasting high power plus output. The Power Wrapper ™ product line consists of the
industry’s thinnest, patternable super capacitor devices at voltages designed to
match battery and system operating voltages
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

22. Applications(Cont.)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

23. Applications(Cont.)
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

24. Cost and Investments
Cost- Ultra thin lifepo4 power paper battery battery cell 3.2v 33ah
US $38.95-49.50/piece
Durable power up electric paper airplane conversion kit US $3.51-4.62
Investments-
1. Paper Battery Companey in troy NY has $3 million investment.
2. Popular investors are Martin Babinec, Jason Hirsch Jeremy Krishna
Natarajan,Tylt labs & Caerur Ventures, Alibaba
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

25. Other Researches
• Bacteria-powered battery made from a single sheet of
paper
• A solvent-free microbial-activated air cathode battery
paper platform made with pencil-traced graphite
electrodes
• University Sains Malaysia(USM) have successfully
created a new method for producing CNT from $100-
$700 US to just $15-$35 US for each gram. According to
team leader Dr. Abdul Rahman “ The system is capable
of producing up to 1000 grams of carbon nanotubes a
day using rotation reactor. [April12,2012]
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP

26. Conclusions
• The range of possible applications for paper batteries
derives from their important advantages as compared
to conventional battery technologies.
• The researchers say that it can also be used in
automobiles and aircraft. But it has a poor
processibility. Lastly, the use of ionic liquid makes
the device environmentally friendly.
PAPER BATTERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Anamika Singh B.Tech (I.T.) VII Sem
Faculty Of Engineering And Technology MGCGV Chitrakoot Satna MP