Paper batteries are made largely of cellulose (from paper) and carbon nanotubes. They produce electricity through chemical reactions between a lithium anode, carbon nanotube cathode, and an electrolyte like urine or blood, similar to lithium-ion batteries. Paper batteries are constructed by coating a paper substrate with an ionic solution, spreading a carbon nanotube ink over it, and laminating a thin lithium film on the other side. The paper battery is flexible, biodegradable, and has applications in wearable devices, medical sensors, and reducing electricity demand.
2. INTRODUCTION:
It is an electric battery formed largely of paper(cellulose)
and carbon nano tubes.
Cellulose is the primary cell wall of green plants out of
which paper is made.
A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of
carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer
scale.
3. The battery produces electricity in the same way as the
conventional lithium-ion batteries, but all the components
have been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet
of paper.
The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an
infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes.
The electrolyte and the ions that carry the charge can be
varied depending the use of the battery.
Generally ionic liquid is used as an electrolyte, essentially
a liquid salt. Natural electrolytes which we can use are
human blood, sweat and urine.
4. Construction:
First take a rectangular shaped paper(cellulose).
Now made a coating of ionic solution on this paper
surface.
Then spread the specially prepared carbon nanotubes ink
over this ionic coated paper.
The other side of the paper is laminated with a thin film
or layer of lithium.
Aluminium rods are used to transfer current between the
2 electrodes.
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9. Structure:
Cathode: Carbon Nanotube
Anode: Lithium metal (Li+)
Electrolyte: bio electrolytes like urine, blood and sweat.
(All electrolytes can be used)
Separator: Cellulose or Paper
10.
11. Working:
The internal performance of paper batteries is identical to
that of a traditional battery by generating a voltage about
1.5V
In Paper Batteries, the metal(Lithium) is used as the
anode and carbon nanotubes as cathode and also the
paper or cellulose is used as the separator.
Due to the chemical reaction between the electrolyte
and carbon, electrons are generated, similarly due to the
chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal, ions
are generated.
These generated electrons starts flow through the
external circuit from cathode to the anode.
12. Advantages:
Paper battery can be used as both super capacitor and
battery.
Paper batteries are very flexible, ultrathin, nontoxic and
biodegradable battery
Long life.
Provides a steady power.
Can be available in different shapes and sizes.
They offer high energy efficiency.
Paper Batteries are low cost and can be easily disposed.
They can be used to produce 1.5V energy and also paper
batteries are rechargeable.
13. Applications:
Paper Battery can be now implemented in wearable
technology like Wearable Biosensors and Wearable
computer etc.
Used in entertainment devices.
Used in tags and smart cards.
For medical applications like disposable medical
diagnostic devices and also can be used in pacemakers
due to the paper batteries nontoxic and biodegradable
nature.
Ideal for aircraft, automobiles, remote controllers etc.
14. Future scope:
A postage stamp sized paper battery can illuminate a
small bulb, but in future several reams of paper are
wished to produce large electricity.
Paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power
storage.
In future, they can be largely employed in the fields of
electronics, medical sciences,
automobiles and aircrafts.
15. Conclusion:
By using paper battery, Indian crisis in the field of
electricity can be reduced to some extent.
By adapting this technology, interruptions in power supply
can be minimized.