3. • Good speaking does not call attention to itself.
It conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly,
interestingly, and without distracting the
audience.
4. • If you mumble your words, shuffle your
feet, gaze out the window, or talk in
monotone, you will not get your message
across.
5. • Most listeners prefer delivery that combines a
certain degree of formality with the best
attributes of communicative strategy—
directness, spontaneity, animation, emphasis,
and lively sense of communication.
6. • When face with difficulty, he uses the ad-
lib techniques:
7. 1. Nomination
A speaker carries out nomination to
collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
Basically , when you employ this strategy, you try
to open a topic with the people you are talking to.
8. Let
Expressions for Nomination
“ Let’s talk about _________.”
“ Would you like to talk about __________ ? “
“ I’m interested to know about _______ .”
“ Do you know _______?”
“ How about discussing ________?”
“ Why don’t we talk about _______?”
“ I’d like to talk about _________?”
“ Talking / discussing _________ is one idea.”
“ It would be nice to talk/ discuss
__________?”
9. 2. restriction
Restriction refers to limiting the topic or subject
in conversation . This sometimes happens when
the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of
the issue under deliberation or when time to
discuss it is very short .
10. Expressions for Restriction
“ Let’s focus on ________.”
“ Limit your talk on _______.”
“ Why not concentrate on _______?”
“ Let us not discuss the _______.”
“ We will not touch on _______.”
“ Please let us not talk / discuss _______.”
“ Could we just focus on _______?”
“ Is it possible to just concentrate on _________?”
“ Could you limit your discussion on _______?”
11. 3. Turn taking
In conversation, turn-taking refers to conventions
in which participants allow appropriate
opportunities for others to talk or the manner in
which an orderly conversation normally takes
place.
12. “ That’s all”
“ That’s what I have to say on this matter.”
“ That’s it ! Thank you!”
( When the current speaker indicates that he/she is finished talking
)
Expressions for Turn- taking
13. Expressions for Turn- taking ( For the person interrupting )
“ Could I interrupt you (for a minute/ moment/ second)?”
“ Excuse me for interrupting, but _________.”
“ If I can just interrupt you for a moment, I’d like to
_______.”
“ Before I forget, _______ .”
“ If you will allow me to say something,________ . “
“ If you don’t mind me interrupting, _________. “
“ Can I just say something here?”
“ Before you continue, can I just say _______.”
14. Expressions for Turn- taking ( For the person who has the turn
)
(Refusing Interruption)
“ (Please) just let me finish.”
“ I just want to make one more point before you have your say.”
“ Before you have your say, ________.”
“ I can see that you want to say something about this,
but_______.”
“ If I can just finish what I wanted to say, _______.”
15. Expressions for Turn- taking ( For the person who has the turn
)
( Taking the turn back )
“ As I was saying (before I was interrupted),______ .”
“ To get back to what I was saying,_______.”
“ Carrying on from where I left off,_________.”
“ To get back to the point at hand, _______.”
( Getting back on track )
“ What was I saying? “
“ Where were we? “
16. 4. Topic control
It means regulating or manipulating the topic of
conversation and how long we want the other
person may talk.
17. Expressions for Topic Control
“ May I remind everyone that the topic is ______ ? ”
“ We are talking about ________ here, right ?”
“ Let’s go back to the topic. “
“ You know , I’m not sure about that . However , what I can
tell you is _______.
“ The real question here is ________.”
“ Let us talk about something I am more familiar with _______.
“
“ Let’s not talk about it , instead let’s talk _______. “
“It would be a good idea if we talk _______ than _______.”
18. 5. Topic shifting
Topic shifting involves moving from one topic to
another . In other words, it is where one part of a
conversation ends and where another begins.
19. Expressions for Topic Shifting
“ Excuse me , my we talk about this before we discuss the
topic at hand further?”
“ Can we talk about ______ instead ? “
“ Talking about _______ we can also include ________. “
“ By the way _______.”
“ Going back to _______.”
“ Let us go back _______.”
‘ Let me bring you back to _______.”
“ it’s better that we discuss about _______.”
20. 6. Repair
Repair means the correction by the speaker of a
misunderstood utterance , either through self-
initiated repair, or corrected by others . This is
the process by which a speaker recognizes a
speech error and repeats what has been said with
some sort of correction.
21. Expressions for Repair
“ I’m sorry . I did not quite catch what you said. Can you
please repeat it ?”
“ Excuse me, what did you say again?”
“ I’m sorry , I did not hear the last word.”
“ Did you say ______ ? “
“ You said ______. Did I get you right?”
“ I mean _______.”
“ What I mean is that _______.”
22. 7. termination
Termination refers to the conversation
participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation .
23. Expressions for Termination
“ Well, that’s it !”
“ Thank you for listening.”
“Thank you for your ideas.”
“ I really appreciate your participation.”
“ Let’s continue the discussion next meeting.”
“ Let’s call it a day!”
“ It’s been nice talking to you.”
“ I’m sorry but I have to go now.”
“ I’m afraid I have to leave now.”
“ Thanks for the information/ tour /time .
“ Thanks for taking the time to talk with us.”
