This document provides information about sources of information and textual aids for understanding texts. It discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary sources and gives examples of each. It also identifies six characteristics that information should have: accuracy, completeness, timeliness, consistency, relevance, and uniqueness. The document describes different types of textual aids like tables of contents, glossaries, indexes, diagrams, graphs, and maps. It explains the differences between linear and nonlinear texts and textual versus non-textual information. Various graphic organizers are presented like cause-and-effect diagrams, flow charts, and Venn diagrams. Overall, the document covers key concepts about obtaining and understanding information from different sources.

1. ENGLISH 10
Quarter 1
Cathlene Mae R. Sanglay,
LPT
English Language Teacher

2. QUESTIONS:
Is information
important? Why or
why not?

3. QUESTIONS:
Is information
important? Why or
why not?

4. QUESTIONS:
Is information important? Why or why not?

5. WHERE DO YOU GET
INFORMA
TION?

6. SOURCES OF INFORMATION

7. Information, as available data everywhere, can
be found in various platforms and means such as
news reports, speeches, informative talks, and
panel discussions, among others.
Getting information will basically expose you not
only in pool of knowledge, but should also help
you identify which details
are factual and not. You are expected to identify
certain details from different sources and use
them in various contexts.

10. TERTIARY SOURCES
Tertiary sources serve as collection
of primary and secondary sources.
Examples:
Bibliographies
Dictionary
Almanac
Indexes
Encyclopedias
databases

11. IDENTIFY IF THE GIVEN ITEM
IS A PRIMARY
, SECONDARY
, OR
TERTIARY SOURCE.
1. encyclopedia
2. interview with a politician
3. State of the Nation Address
4. references
5. EDSA People Power picture
6. bibliography
7. biography

12. SIX (6) CHARACTERISTICS
THAT INFORMATION SHOULD
HAVE.
1. Accuracy.
2. Completeness.
3. Timeliness.
4. Consistency.
5. Relevant.
6. Uniqueness.

13. QUESTION:
How can we differentiate factual
information to fake news?

16. CHAPTER 2: TEXTUALAIDS IN
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXTS

17. WHAT IS TEXTUAL AID?
Text aids, also called text features, are visual elements on a page that stand out
from the main text.
are visual aids that help readers to better understand the texts they are reading
help readers enhance their learning as they read through the material
 Text features can be found in textbooks, magazine articles, newspapers, reports,
web pages, and other forms of nonfiction text.
 may include table of contents, glossaries, index/ indices, key words, diagrams,
graphs/charts/tables, maps, timelines, illustrations, bold print, italics, titles, headings,
subheadings, captions and sidebars

18. LINEAR AND NON LINEAR
TEXTS
The difference between a linear text and nonlinear text is the reading path.
Alinear text is a traditional text that needs to be read from beginning to end to make
sense of the text. Examples of linear texts are short stories, novels, letters, and
educational texts.
Anonlinear text, on the other hand, is not required to be read from beginning to end
since its reading path is non-sequential. In assisting the readers, visual aids such as
graphic organizers, concept maps, diagrams, and charts are used.

20. TEXTUALAND NON TEXTUAL
INFORMATION
Non-textual elements help you highlight important pieces of information without
breaking up the narrative flow of your paper. Illustrations, photographs, maps, and
the like can be used as a quick reference to information that helps to highlight key
issues found in the text.

21. CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
DIAGRAM
This diagram emphasizes the connection between the different
concepts and is sometimes called as the beneficial organizer since it
can be applied to all subject areas. This is more known as the Fishbone
or Ishikawa diagram.
Flow Diagram/Chart
This is a sequence chart that shows
series of events in order. If you have
a concept that has steps such as
processes or sequence, the Flow

22. Venn Diagram
This is used to identify, classify, categorize, and recognize
similarities and differences of two or more subjects, ideas,
thoughts or concepts. Called as the most commonly used textual
aid, this instructional tool can be found in teacher resource
materials, examinations, hand outs, etc.

23. GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS ARE VISUAL DISPLAYS THAT HAVE KEY CONTENT
INFORMATION. THESE TEXTUAL AIDS PROVIDE LEARNERS WITH STRUCTURE FOR
ABSTRACT CONCEPTS. THESE ARE USUALLY CREATED AND DESIGNED FOR THOSE
WHO HAVE TROUBLE ORGANIZING INFORMATION AND THOUGHTS.