This document provides guidance on developing an effective public speaking message by considering the audience and structure of the presentation. It recommends crafting a talk that is understandable, conversational, and cohesive by using clear transitions between ideas. The document also suggests taking an extemporaneous approach using notes rather than memorizing or improvising. It outlines seven steps for planning a topic, central idea, organization, and introduction and conclusion. Speakers are advised to always consider their audience, setting, purpose, and ethics when developing their message. Detailed audience analysis is important to determine demographics, values, and what information most interests or concerns them. Presentations should be tailored based on whether the goal is to inform or persuade the audience.

1. Public Speaking Planning the Message

2. The listenable speech Understood by listeners Conversational language Structure with clear signposts Phrases that tell listener what ’s next (transitions!) Information that flows cohesively Consistency

3. The extemporaneous speech Gives you the advantage of… Talking points (vs. impromptu) Notes / outline (vs. memorized) Quotations, illustrations and statistics from research (vs. impromptu) Planning for a more spontaneous and natural oral presentation (vs. manuscript / memorized)

4. Piece of (chocolate) cake…

5. 7 Steps Topic Central idea Research to develop central idea Finalize central idea, purpose and goal that adapts to the listeners and setting of the presentation Formulate and organize body to achieve goal Prepare for the presentation / delivery Polish the introduction and conclusion

6. Things to always keep in mind Your audience The setting The purpose Ethics

7. Audience Analysis Demographics Age, gender, religion, ethnicity, education, occupation, race Psychographics (predispositions!) Conservative / liberal dispositions Political affiliations Rheterographics Place, time, emotional climate for the speech

8. Applying your analysis Topic selection Must be specific and relevant to audience Language selection Be clear, be clever, be relevant Central idea Is your goal to inform or persuade? What arguments will you use to accomplish this goal with this audience?

9. Informative VS Persuasive INFORMATIVE PERSUASIVE

10. Back to your audience

11. Audience analysis My audience is ___ (race, age, male to female ratio, values, beliefs) I want my audience to understand _____ as a result of my message My audience ’s relationship to this message should be ____ My audience already knows ____ about my topic My audience will want or need to hear ______ My audience may not understand or need to know _____ so I may leave out _____ My audience may like, enjoy or appreciate ______ Mu audience may not like, enjoy or appreciate ______