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3. preventive agencies and reform schools 1850 1890

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Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice
Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice

CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Intervention Policies in Juvenile Justice course materials.

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Preventive agencies and Reform Schools 1850-1890  Cottage/Family System  Probation  Reform/Training/Industrial Schools  Children’s Aid Society/Placing Out 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Origins of The Cottage/Family System 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
RAUHE HAUS (1833) • JOHANN HEINRICH WICHERN • FAMILY MODEL • “WHOLESOME LEARNING, THE TRUTHS OF THE GOSPEL, AND HONEST LABOR” • APPRENTICESHIPS 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1839 Mettray Agricultural Colony established 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1839 AGRICULTURAL COLONY AT METTRAY • FREDERIC AUGUST DEMETZ • FAMILY SYSTEM (COTTAGE) • FARM LABOR • 3 STORY COTTAGES • SELF GOVERNMENT • MILITARY REGIME 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1857 - Girls Industrial School at Lancaster MA founded on Cottage/Family System 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Cottage/Family System • Groups of 40 children or fewer • Semi autonomous living arrangements • House parents • Preference for agricultural work 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
The Development of Probation Response to the failures of institutionalization 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1841 John Augustus becomes the “father” of Probation 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Development of Juvenile Probation (1860-1900) • Boston Children’s Aid Society (background checks, bail and supervision) • Massachusetts Board of Charities Act (1869) (home supervision) • California Juvenile Probation Act (1883) (placement with private charitable organizations) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
The Reform School Movement End of the House of Refuge Era 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1847 First public reform school established in Westborough Massachusetts known as the Lyman school 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Main Building Lyman Reform School 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Lyman School Class Room 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
The Placing Out System And the evolution of non-institutional care 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
PLACING OUT • An informal procedure whereby child-saving societies employed agents to take groups of children west by railroad 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
CHILD SAVERS • 19TH CENTURY REFORMERS WHO DEVELOPED PROGRAMS FOR TROUBLED YOUTH AND INFLUENCED LEGISLATION CREATING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Charles Loring Brace 1826-1891 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
1853 Children’s Aid Society Established Introduction of the Orphan Trains 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Children’s Aid Society Home Then and Now 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Children’s Aid Society 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Orphan Train 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
People v Turner (1870) • Illinois Supreme Court determined that a reform school commitment was an unconstitutional deprivation of liberty necessitating due process protections for children. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

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3. preventive agencies and reform schools 1850 1890

  • 1. Preventive agencies and Reform Schools 1850-1890  Cottage/Family System  Probation  Reform/Training/Industrial Schools  Children’s Aid Society/Placing Out 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 2. Origins of The Cottage/Family System 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 3. RAUHE HAUS (1833) • JOHANN HEINRICH WICHERN • FAMILY MODEL • “WHOLESOME LEARNING, THE TRUTHS OF THE GOSPEL, AND HONEST LABOR” • APPRENTICESHIPS 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 4. 1839 Mettray Agricultural Colony established 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 5. 1839 AGRICULTURAL COLONY AT METTRAY • FREDERIC AUGUST DEMETZ • FAMILY SYSTEM (COTTAGE) • FARM LABOR • 3 STORY COTTAGES • SELF GOVERNMENT • MILITARY REGIME 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 6. 1857 - Girls Industrial School at Lancaster MA founded on Cottage/Family System 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 7. Cottage/Family System • Groups of 40 children or fewer • Semi autonomous living arrangements • House parents • Preference for agricultural work 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 8. The Development of Probation Response to the failures of institutionalization 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 9. 1841 John Augustus becomes the “father” of Probation 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 10. Development of Juvenile Probation (1860-1900) • Boston Children’s Aid Society (background checks, bail and supervision) • Massachusetts Board of Charities Act (1869) (home supervision) • California Juvenile Probation Act (1883) (placement with private charitable organizations) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 11. The Reform School Movement End of the House of Refuge Era 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 12. 1847 First public reform school established in Westborough Massachusetts known as the Lyman school 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 13. Main Building Lyman Reform School 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 14. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 15. Lyman School Class Room 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 16. The Placing Out System And the evolution of non-institutional care 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 17. PLACING OUT • An informal procedure whereby child-saving societies employed agents to take groups of children west by railroad 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 18. CHILD SAVERS • 19TH CENTURY REFORMERS WHO DEVELOPED PROGRAMS FOR TROUBLED YOUTH AND INFLUENCED LEGISLATION CREATING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 19. Charles Loring Brace 1826-1891 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 20. 1853 Children’s Aid Society Established Introduction of the Orphan Trains 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 21. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 22. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 23. Children’s Aid Society Home Then and Now 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 24. Children’s Aid Society 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 25. Orphan Train 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 26. People v Turner (1870) • Illinois Supreme Court determined that a reform school commitment was an unconstitutional deprivation of liberty necessitating due process protections for children. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013