Presentation on introduction to Genetics Contact Us for Intellectual Property Services BananaIP Counsels Regd Office No.40,3rd Main Road,JC Industrial Estate, Kanakapura Road,Bangalore – 560 062. Email: contact@bananaip.com Telephone: +91-80-26860414 /24/34

1. - Jayasmita Dutta

3. Genome
Complete set of genetic information
Divided physically into chromosomes,
functionally into genes.
Nucleic acids
Molecules that encode genetic information.
Nitrogenous bases + ribose molecules, linked by
phosphodiester bonds.
DNA, RNA
Chromosomes
Independent physical unit that carries a DNA sequence
Storage units of genes
Gene
Basic unit of genetic information
Represents a specific protein
Determine the traits

4. O
O=P-O
O
Phosphate
Group
N
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
CH2
O
C1C4
C3 C2
5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
Nucleotide Structure

5. • Also known as polypeptides
• Organic compounds
• Made of amino acids
• Order of gene  Protein Sequence
• Amino acids are joined together by the peptide bonds
between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino
acid residues
• 3 Nucleotides = a triplet or CODON (code for specific
AMINO ACID)
Proteins

7. The Code of Life…
The “code” of the chromosome is the
SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.
A T C G T A T G C G G…

9. Human Genome
• 46 chromosomes
• 22 pairs of chromosomes
named autosomes.
• 2 sex chromosomes (X,Y):
XY – in males.
XX – in females.

10. MITOSIS
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATIO
N
DNA RECOMBINATION
DNA REPLICATION
MEIOSIS

12. MEIOSIS

13. DNA Replication
Each strand of the original DNA serves as a
template for the new strand

15. DNA Recombination
rDNA Technology

16. PLASMIDS
• Extra-chromosomal,
circular DNA
• Self-replicating
• Can carry up to
20000 base pairs of
foreign DNA

17. cDNA
• A single-stranded
DNA
• Synthesized from
RNA by reverse
transcription in vitro.

18. Principle of gene cloning:
To insert the DNA of interest into a cloning vector which
then replicates to produce many more copies.
Key issues:
• Identification of the donor DNA,
• Means to insert it into the vector,
• Selection of the hybrid molecule that results from the
insertion,
• The method of amplification.
CLONING

20. For any related queries, you can mail me at – jayasmitadutta@gmail.com