Koffka

1. GESTALT
THEORY OF
LEARNINGN
MINDSCAPE

2. COGNITIVISM
Cognitive theory is a psychological theory that
emphasizes the importance of mental processes
in learning, memory, and problem-solving. It
suggests that individuals actively process and
interpret information from the environment in
order to make sense of it and create meaning.

3. Gestalt Theory of
Learning
"the whole is greater
than the sum of its parts."

4. The Gestalt school of psychology emerged in the early
20th century, primarily through the work of German
psychologists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt
Koffka.
Gestalt psychology emphasizes the importance of
understanding the whole experience rather than breaking
it down into its individual components. The term "gestalt"
comes from the German word for "shape" or "form."
Theory of Learning

5. Insightful Learning
Insightful learning, also known as insight learning
or learning by insight, is a type of learning that
occurs when a person suddenly gains a new
understanding or solution to a problem through a
process of mental reorganization or restructuring.
Insight refers to a sudden and complete
understanding or solution to a problem, often
accompanied by a feeling of "aha" or "Eureka!"
moment.

6. Köhler's chimpanzee
experiment

7. Law of Perceptual
Organizations
It describes how individuals naturally perceive
and organize sensory information into meaningful
wholes. These principles were developed by
Gestalt psychologists to explain how the human
mind organizes and interprets visual stimuli.

8. Proximity
Principles
Objects that are
near, or proximate
to each other, tend
to be grouped
together.
Proximity plays a
significant role in
determining how we
group and organize
visual information.

9. Similarity
The human eye
tends to perceive
similar elements
in a design as a
complete picture,
shape, or group,
even if those
elements are
separated.

10. Continuity
People tend to
perceive objects or
elements that
form smooth,
continuous lines or
curves as being
related or
belonging
together. The
mind prefers
continuous and
uninterrupted
forms.

11. Prägnanz
People will
perceive and
interpret
ambiguous or
complex images
as the simplest
form possible
because it is the
interpretation
that requires the
least cognitive
effort of us.

12. Closure
Individuals tend to
perceive
incomplete or
fragmented objects
as complete by
mentally filling in
the missing
information. The
mind seeks to
"close" the gaps and
perceive whole
shapes or objects.