Albert Bandura is a Canadian-American psychologist known for originating social cognitive theory and conducting the famous "Bobo doll" experiment. Social cognitive theory emphasizes that observational learning, modeling, and cognitive processes shape human behavior, and that people learn from observing others. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children can learn aggression through observing adult models, as children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll then imitated and showed novel aggressive behaviors towards the doll.

1. SOCIAL COGNITIVE
LEARNING
ALBERT BANDURA
MINDSCAPE

2. CANADIAN-BORN AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGIST AND
ORIGINATOR OF SOCIAL
COGNITIVE THEORY WHO IS
PROBABLY BEST KNOWN FOR
HIS MODELING STUDY ON
AGGRESSION, REFERRED TO AS
THE “BOBO DOLL” EXPERIMENT,
WHICH DEMONSTRATED THAT
CHILDREN CAN LEARN
BEHAVIOURS THROUGH THE
OBSERVATION OF ADULTS.
ALBERT BANDURA

3. SOCIAL COGNITIVE
THEORY
ALSO KNOWN AS SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY, IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE THAT EMPHASIZES THE
ROLE OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING,
MODELING, AND COGNITIVE
PROCESSES IN SHAPING HUMAN
BEHAVIOR.
INDIVIDUALS LEARN BY OBSERVING
OTHERS AND IMITATING THEIR
BEHAVIORS.

4. Centre of mass
Bobo doll
Low specific
weight
High specific
weight
THE BOBO DOLL
EXPERIMENT
The Bobo doll experiment is a famous
study conducted by psychologist Albert
Bandura in the 1960s. It aimed to
examine the role of observational
learning and aggression in children's
behavior.
Bandura found that the children who
had observed the aggressive model were
more likely to imitate the adult's
aggressive behavior towards the Bobo
doll. They exhibited physical aggression,
verbally expressed aggression, and used
the same aggressive methods they had
witnessed. These children also showed
more novel aggressive behaviors that
were not directly observed from the
model.

5. OBSERVATIONAL
LEARNING
Observational learning, emphasizes
the role of observation and modeling
in learning and behavior. It occurs
when individuals acquire new
behaviors, attitudes, or knowledge by
observing models and imitating their
actions.

6. MODELS
Models can be individuals in the immediate environment, such as parents,
teachers, or peers, or they can be fictional or symbolic figures portrayed
in media. Models provide examples of behavior and serve as a reference
point for individuals to learn from. By observing models, individuals
acquire new skills, attitudes, and knowledge.
The effectiveness of observational learning depends on several factors
related to models, including their characteristics and behaviors. Factors
such as competence, attractiveness, and perceived similarity to the
observer can influence the impact of the model on the learning process.
Models also provide information about the consequences associated with
their behaviors, allowing observers to anticipate and evaluate the
outcomes of imitating those behaviors.

7. FOUR STAGES OF
OBSERVATIONAL
LEARNING
Actively paying attention to
the behavior being observed.
Individuals need to focus
their attention on the model
and the specific behaviors
they are demonstrating.
After paying attention to the
observed behavior, individuals
need to retain the information
in memory for later use.
Retention involves encoding the
observed behavior and creating
a mental representation or
cognitive schema of it.
Involves translating the stored
information from memory into actual
behavior. Individuals imitate or
replicate the observed behavior,
attempting to reproduce it as
accurately as possible.
1. ATTENTION
2. RETENTION
3. REPRODUCTION
It influences whether individuals
will reproduce the observed
behavior. Motivation refers to
the internal processes that
drive individuals to imitate and
engage in specific behaviors.
4. MOTIVATION

8. Bandura introduced the concept of self-efficacy, which is an
individual's belief in their own capability to successfully perform a
behavior. Higher levels of self-efficacy lead to greater
motivation to imitate and reproduce the observed behavior.
Motivation is also influenced by the outcomes and consequences
associated with the behavior, such as rewards or punishments.
SELF-EFFICACY