Perception is the process of extracting information from sensory stimuli and interpreting it, which allows us to be aware of objects and events. It involves sensation, information extraction, and provides organization. Key principles of perception include figure-ground relationship, closure, and grouping. Gestalt psychologists proposed that we tend to group objects based on proximity, similarity, and continuity. Perception can be influenced by factors like sense organ functioning, brain functioning, previous experience, psychological state, interest, and motivation. Perceptual illusions represent misjudgments of size, length, perspective, or other qualities.

1. Introduction
 Sensation
 Attention
 Interpretation
 Perception

2. Environmental stimuli
Receptors are stimulated
Impulses are transmitted
to the brain
Perception of object or
event.

3. Definition
•Perception is the experience of objects, events, or
relationships obtained by extracting information from
sensation.

4. •Perception interpretation of the sensory stimuli which
reach the sensory organ and brain. Interpretation gives
meaning to sensation and we become aware of objects.
DEFINITION -2

5. Nature of perception
 Perception is a process.
 Perception is information extractor.
 Perception involves sensation.
 Perception provides organisation.

6. THEORIES OR LAWS OR PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION.
Early in the 20th century, the Gestalt psychologist in Germany.
Figure and ground relationship.
Principle of closure.
Principle of grouping.

7. 1) FIGURE AND GROUND RELATIONSHIP
According to this principle,
a figure is perceived in relationship to its background.

8. PRINCIPLE OF CLOSURE
According to this principle,
while confronting an incomplete pattern one
tents to complete or close the pattern or fill in sensory gaps and
perceives it as a meaning full whole.

9. 3) PRINCIPLE OF GROUPING
In this principle the stimuli are grouped into the smallest
possible pattern that gives meaning.
Gestalt made some of group here, they are
Proximity
Similarity
continuation

10. PROXIMITY
when objects are close to each other, the tendency is to perceive
them together rather than separately.

11. SIMILARITY
Items that most closely resemble each
other are perceived as units.

12. CONTINUATION
On continuity bases, the objects or stimuli are perceived
as a unit or group on the basis of their continuity.

13. Factors influencing perception
Functioning of the sense organ
Functioning of the brain
Previous experience
Psychological state
 Frequency of exposure
Interest
 Motivation
Behaviour of the organism

14. Perceptual illusions
Perceptual illusions represent gross misjudgment or false perception.

15. TYPES OF ILLUSIONS
Illusion of this type provides false perception of the size of the objects.
Illusions of the size

16. Illusion of the length

17. Illusion of perspectives

18. The horizontal – vertical illusions

19. The nurse and perception