METHOD-OF-PHILOPHIZING- Philosophy senior high school

2.  Distinguish opinion from truth:
 Analyze situation that show the difference
between opinion and truth
 Realize that the methods of philosophy lead
to rational thinking, wisdom and truth;
 Evaluate opinions; and
 Apply the theories of critical thinking in
making strong and valid decisions

3.  Magic Mirror Storytelling: Create a "magic
mirror" storytelling activity, where
participants look into the mirror and imagine
they are transported to a different world or
time.They can then narrate a story based on
what they see.

4.  This section shall introduce methods or ways
of looking at truth and what will be
considered as mere “OPINIONS”.
Philosophizing is to think or express will be
oneself in a rational and logical manner. It
considers or discusses a matter from a
philosophical standpoint. In phenomenology,
truth is based on the persons consciousness.

5.  Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology
which is essentially a phil0sophical method.
 Focuses on careful inspection and
description of phenomena or appearances
defined as any object of conscious experience
that is, which we are conscious of ( Johnston
,2006)

7.  In Husserl’s Logical Investigation, he argued
against psychologism; the idea that truth is
dependent on the peculiarities of the human
mind and that philosophy is reducible to
psychology.

8.  Word “ phenomenon” meaning “appearance”
 Emmanuel Kant – German Philosopher had
used the same word refer to the world of our
experience.

9.  O’Hear (1999) studied reality and the
structure of consciousness known as
phenomenological method is a series that
continuously revise our perceptions of reality.
 Facts are based on what the person creates
and not on structure absolute truths or laws.

10.  Phenomenology is a philosophy of
experience. For phenomenology the ultimate
source of all meaning and value is the lived
experience of human beings. All philosophical
systems, scientific theories, or aesthetic
judgments have the status of abstractions
from the ebb and flow of the lived world.

11.  "Phenomenon": In philosophy, a phenomenon
refers to any object or event that can be
perceived, experienced, or known. Phenomena
encompass everything that appears in our
consciousness or that we can be aware of
through our senses, thoughts, and feelings.
 "Logos" or "Logy":This part of the word refers to
the study or investigation of something. In the
case of "phenomenology," it signifies the
systematic, structured, and rigorous study of
phenomena as they appear in human
consciousness.

12.  In summary, phenomenology is a
philosophical approach and method that
focuses on the study of conscious experience
and the phenomena that populate our inner
world. It emphasizes rigorous description,
analysis, and exploration of how we perceive
and make sense of our reality, offering
insights into the nature of subjectivity and
human consciousness

13.  Intentionality: Husserl emphasized that
consciousness is always intentional, meaning that it is
inherently directed towards something or has an
object. Every conscious act is about something—an
object, a thought, an emotion, or a sensation. For
example, when you see a book, your consciousness is
intentional because it is directed toward the book as
an object of perception.This concept of intentionality
highlights that our experiences are inherently
relational, involving a subject (the one who
experiences) and an object (that which is
experienced).

14.  Phenomenological Reduction (Bracketing): Husserl
introduced the idea of phenomenological reduction, also
known as bracketing or epoché.This method involves
temporarily suspending or "bracketing" our preconceived
beliefs and assumptions about the external world. By
doing so, we can focus exclusively on the phenomena as
they appear in consciousness. It's a way to achieve a more
pure and unprejudiced description of experience. For
example, if you see a red apple, you would bracket any
assumptions about the apple's taste, texture, or origin and
instead focus solely on the visual experience of the red
color.