The document discusses the reasons for and principles of organic farming. It notes that conventional farming practices have led to a decline in soil quality, increase in pests, and threats to health and biodiversity. Organic farming aims to maintain healthy soil and use biological nutrients and non-chemical pest and weed management. It is more sustainable but production can be lower and nutrient release slower. Principles include using organic manures and composts produced from various waste materials and crop residues through natural decomposition processes.

2. WHY ORGANIC FARMING?
 Decline in soil quality
 Increase in pest resurgence
 Adverse affect on Human health
 Loss of bio-diversity
 Pollution due to agrochemicals
 Danger to food security, quality and safety
ILL EFFECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION
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3. Concept of organic farming
System approach
Maintaining soil alive & in good health
Biologically derived nutrients
Non-chemical weed management
Eco-friendly pest and disease management
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Limitation of organic farming
Required in bulk
Slow releasing of nutrient
Lack of natural resources
Comparatively low production
Pest and disease control is preventive
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5. Principles of Organic Farming

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13. Manures
 Cattle shed wastes-dung, urine and slurry from biogas plants
 Human habitation wastes-night soil, human urine, town refuse, sewage,
sludge and sullage
 Poultry litter, droppings of sheep and goat
 Slaughterhouse wastes-bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, horn and hoof
meal, Fish wastes
 Byproducts of agro industries-oil cakes, bagasse and press mud, fruit and
vegetable processing wastes etc
 Crop wastes-sugarcane trash, stubbles and other related material
 Water hyacinth, weeds and tank silt
 Green manure crops and green leaf manuring material
Organic inputs

14.  Compost
 Vermicompost
 Coir compost
 Sugarcane trash composting
 Composting of poultry waste
 Crop residue composting
Organic inputs

15. Composting
 Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of
organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions.
 A mass of rotted organic matter made from waste is called compost.
 Raw organic materials such as crop residues, animal wastes, food
garbage, some municipal wastes and suitable industrial wastes