World Veterinary Day 2017 Presentation made at the College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur by DR. BALWANT MESHRAM on the topic 'WVD: Past and the Present'

1. World
Veterinary
Day’ 2017

2. WVD
Past and The Present
Dr. Balwant Meshram
Asso. Prof.

3. Past
WVD was initiated by the
World Veterinary Association (WVA)
in 2000 & since then
Celebrates Veterinary Profession
annually on the
Last Saturday of April.

4. The objective
To bring the importance of
Veterinary Profession to
the society as
well as individuals
in focus.

5. Themes of past
Antimicrobial Vaccination
Resistance
Rabies
The One Health Concept
Diversity of the Veterinary Profession

6. Themes of 2017
Antimicrobial Resistance:
From Awareness to Action

7. Know the theme better
Microbes: Bacteria, Parasites,
Viruses and Fungi.
Resistance: Inability to accept,
Refusal/ Oppose
Awareness: Put the efforts to make
sensitive/aware
Action: Process of doing something

8. Antimicrobial
Resistance (AMR)
Threatens the effective prevention and
treatment of an ever-increasing
infections caused by microbes.
Microorganisms that develop
antimicrobial resistance may be
sometimes referred as “superbugs”.

9. Cont...
 It is the ability of a microorganism (like
bacteria, viruses and some parasites) which
prevent an action of antimicrobial drugs
(such as antibiotics, antivirals and
antimalarials).
 Its a battle between microbes and the
antimicrobial drugs where certainly microbes
win it!

10. Cont...
 AMR is an increasingly serious threat to
global public health that requires action
across all government sectors and society.
 Without effective antibiotics, the success of
major surgery and cancer chemotherapy
would be only compromised.

11. Why is antimicrobial resistance a
global concern?
 New resistance mechanisms are
emerging and spreading globally
 Threatening our ability to treat
common infectious diseases
 Resulting in prolonged illness
 Disability
 and Death.

12. Importance
 Without effective antimicrobials for
prevention and treatment of infections,
medical procedures such as organ
transplantation, cancer chemotherapy,
diabetes management and major surgery
(viz. caesarean sections or hip replacements)
become very high risk.

13. cont...
 Antimicrobial resistance increases the cost of
health care with lengthier stays in hospitals and
more intensive care required.
 Antimicrobial resistance is putting the gains of
the Millennium Development Goals at risk and
endangers achievement of the Sustainable
Development Goals.

14. • What causes drug resistance?
Drug resistance is a natural evolutionary
phenomenon.
When microorganisms are exposed to an
antimicrobial, the more susceptible
organisms yields, resulted as the most
resistant to the antimicrobial.
They can then pass on their resistance to
their offspring.

15. • Enhancing appearance and
spread of AMR
Antimicrobial resistance occurs
naturally over time, usually through
genetic changes.
However, the misuse and overuse of
antimicrobials is accelerating this
process. In many places, antibiotics are
overused and misused in people and
animals, and often given with
professional oversight.

16. Cont....
 Examples of misuse include when they are
taken by people with viral infections like
colds and flu, and when they are given as
growth promoters in animals and fish.
 Antimicrobial resistant-microbes are found
in people, animals, food and the
environment (in water, soil and air).

17. Cont....
They can spread between people and
animals, even, from person to person.
Poor infection control, inadequate
sanitary conditions and inappropriate
food-handling encourages the spread
of antimicrobial resistance.

18. Effect of use of Inappropriate
Medicines on AMR
 Both overuse, underuse and misuse of medicines
contribute to the problem.
 Ensuring that patients are informed about the
need to take the right dosage of the right
antimicrobial requires action from prescribers,
pharmacists and dispensers, pharmaceutical
industry, the public and patients, as well as the
policy makers.

19. Lack of quality medicines
contributes to drug
resistance
 Most drug quality assurance systems are weak.
 This can lead to poor quality medicines, exposing
patients to sub-optimal concentrations of
antimicrobials, thus creating the conditions for drug
resistance to develop.
 In some countries poor access to antimicrobials
forces patients to take incomplete courses of
treatment or to seek alternatives that could include
substandard medicines.

20. Animal husbandry is a source
of resistance to antibiotics
 Sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics are
used in animal-rearing for promoting
growth or preventing diseases.
 This can result in resistant microorganisms,
which can spread to humans.

21. • Poor infection prevention
and control
Intensifies Drug Resistance
 Poor infection prevention and control can
increase the spread of drug-resistant
infections.
 Hospitalized patients are one of the main
reservoirs of resistant microorganisms.
 Patients who are carriers of resistant
microorganisms can act as a source of
infection for others.

22. • Weak surveillance systems
contribute to the spread of drug
resistance
 While surveillance for the emergence of drug
resistant TB and HIV infection is improving,
currently there are few well-established networks
that regularly collect and report relevant data on
drug resistance.
 Some countries lack laboratory facilities that can
accurately identify resistant microorganisms.
 This impairs the ability to detect emergence of
resistance and take prompt actions.

23. • WHO calls on Stakeholders to
Combat Drug Resistance
 The increasing Global Health Threat.
 There is a need for urgent action by everyone.
 The complex problem requires collective
action.
 WHO also wanted to combat antimicrobial
resistance globally.
 Various Governments have declared their
commitment to address this issue.

24. The pipeline for new tools to combat
drug resistance is almost dry
 Existing antibiotics, anti-parasitic drugs are
effective in a lesser extent while antiviral drugs
are losing their effect.
 At the same time there is insufficient
investment in developing new antimicrobials.
 Similarly, there is insufficient new research
into new diagnostics to detect resistant
microorganisms and new vaccines for
preventing and controlling infections.
 If this trend continues, the arsenal of tools to
combat resistant microorganism will soon be
depleted.

25. Required
 Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base
through surveillance and research
 Improve awareness and understanding of
antimicrobial resistance through effective
communication, education and training
 Reduce the incidence of infection through
effective sanitation, hygiene and infection
prevention measures

26. Cont....
 Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines
in human and animal health
 Develop the economic case for sustainable
investment that takes account of the needs of
all countries
 Increase investment in new medicines,
diagnostic tools, vaccines and other
interventions
 Initiatives to Control Antimicrobial
Resistance

27. Net Results
Standard treatments turns ineffective.
 Infections persist and may spread to
others.
Expenditure on health increases
Economical losses encounters
Social damages
Human Values deteriorates

28. Get Smarter
 Detect and Protect Against AMR Initiative
 Prevent infections by washing hands
 Preparing food hygienically/ Strategic Prog.
 Avoiding close contact with sick people
 Practising safer sex/ Healthcare
 Keeping vaccinations up to date.
 Through Greater Awareness
 And Transformative Action

29. Thanks
a lot!