19. Project Evaluation/Planning Phase Step One – Information collection In order to draw up a plan of action for community based SWM- Solid Waste Management, in an area, it is essential to know the exact number of houses, institutions and commercial establishments to determine the types and amounts of waste generated in the area. For developing the SWM plan of the GP/Block, the following information may be collected following rapid rural survey of the community • No. of Households • Total Population • Details about shops, marriage halls, market, commercial establishments, etc • Community map of the area • Existing system and practice of waste management • Quantum of solid and liquid waste generated per day • Local body’s approach and future plans for SWM • Details of vacant spaces available in the local body • Details and activities of CBOs, e.g. Women Self help Groups etc available in the area.
20. Project Evaluation/Planning Phase Step Two – Participatory planning • The data collected is to be analyzed along with the representatives of the community • The community should be informed about various technology options for SWM both at household as well as community level and accordingly technology options should be decided • Based on the discussions with the community, SWM action plan should be prepared.
21. Project Evaluation/Planning Phase Step Two – Preparation of ward level action plan Ward action plan should broadly contain the following: • Social mobilization and awareness generation: It should focus on inter personal communication, focused group discussion, technology demonstration and exposure visits to successful sites • Technology options: Household and community level technological options with approximate cost estimates should be worked out • Operation and maintenance: Success of a technology depends upon proper O&M at the household and community level. This aspect should be discussed in detail during planning process and incorporated in the action plan.
22. Steps for Effective Management of Solid Waste Management of Household Level Solid Waste As far as possible, solid waste should be managed at the household level so that zero or minimum community waste is generated. This may involve the following steps: A) Sorting out or segregation at household level: • Household waste should be sorted out or segregated at the source i.e. at the household level • This is to be done by generating awareness to sort out waste at the household level by keeping bio degradable and non bio degradable waste in separate colour bins of 5 to 10 liters capacity each (e.g. green color bin for bio degradable waste and blue bin for non bio degradable waste) • Reusable segregated non biodegradable waste may be reutilized at household level. B) Treatment/management of biodegradable household level waste: Efforts should be made to treat the segregated bio degradable waste at the household level by adopting any one of the following technologies and reuse the treated products: • Composting • Vermi composting • Biogas plant. The details of all the above technology options have been discussed separately. C) Treatment/management of household level non biodegradable waste: Some of the sorted out non bio degradable waste will be of recyclable type. Households may be encouraged to keep such waste separately and sell to the rag pickers and keep the non-recyclable products for subsequent transportation for community level management.
23. Steps for Effective Management of Solid Waste Management of Community Level Solid Waste In those places where all the waste cannot be managed at household level, segregated and non-managed household waste need to be transported either to the community bins at the village level or to the treatment plant sites at community level where household level bio degradable waste can be treated by community treatment plant and recyclable and non bio degradable waste can be sorted out and sold. Waste which cannot be composted, reused or recycled may be disposed at community level at the landfill sites following appropriate procedure: Collection and transportation: For Collection and Transportation of solid waste in rural areas the following strategy may be followed: • Self Help Groups (SHGs) or group of unemployed youth in the village may be identified for collection and transportation of household waste to community storage/treatment site. Each member may be responsible for collection of waste for about 75-100 households • SHG members may be given suitable number of carts or tricycles for collection and transportation of waste to community storage bins.
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