Citrus: gene centres, exploration and collection of germplasm, inventory of germplasm, introduction and plant quarantine.

1. Biodiversity in
citrus
1

2.  Order :Sapindales
 Family :Rutaceae
 Subfamily :Aurantioideae
 Tribe :Citreae
 Genus :Citrus
 Related genus :Fortunella, Poncirus, Eremocitrus, Microcitrus and
Clymenia
2

3. Primary center of origin- south east asia
Parental species (Scora, 1975)
Species Common name Origin
Citrus maxima Pummelo Malaysia and Malay
archipelago
Citrus medica Citron India
Citrus reticulata mandarin China
Citrus halimii Mountain citron Thailand and Malaya
3

4.  Pummelo x Mandarin sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
sour orange (Citrus aurantium)
 Citron x Papeda lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
lemon (Citrus lemon)
 Mandarin kumquat (Fortunella spp)
 Pummelo grape fruit (Citrus paradisi)
4

5. 5
(Tanaka et al., 1954)

6. Curk et al., 2016
6

7. 7
(Curk et al. 2016)

8. (Fuller et al.,
2017)
8

9. Species Common name Origin Type
C. medica Citron India True species
C. aurantium Sour orange China Hybrid
C. sinensis Sweet orange China Hybrid
C. maxima Pummelo China True species
C. limon Lemon India Trihybrid
C. reticulata Mandarin SE Asia True species
C. aurantifolia Common lime India Trihybrid
(Albrigo et al., 2019) 9

10. Species Common name origin Type
C. paradisi Grapefruit Barbados Hybrid origin
C. tachibana Tachibana Japan -
C. indica Indian wild orange India -
C. madurensis Calamondin Phillipines Hybrid
C. hystix Mauritius papeda SE Asia -
C. macroptera Melanesian papeda SE Asia -
Fortunella spp. Kumquat SE China True species
Poncirus trifoliata Bitter orange China True species
(Albrigo et al., 2019) 10

11. Exploration and collection
 Under taken by NBPGR
 Nearly 1500 accessions collected
 NE India has maximum diversity
11

12.  Andaman and Nicobar
Islands :14
 Andhra Pradesh :50
 Arunachal Pradesh :86
 Assam :84
 Delhi :11
 Gujarat :42
 Himachal Pradesh :101
 Jharkhand :4
 Karnataka :16
 Kerala :11
 Madhya Pradesh :10
 Maharashtra :85
 Manipur :45
 Meghalaya :273
 Mizoram :119
 Nagaland :23
 Orissa :19
 Punjab :91
 Rajasthan :42
 Sikkim :29
 Tamil Nadu :10
 Tripura :19
 Uttar Pradesh :70
 Uttarakhand :221
 West Bengal :21
(Malik et al., 2012) 12

13. (NBPGR) 13

14.  More than 262 accessions , 22 species
 C. limon, C. paradisi, C. reshni, C. limonia, C. grandis, C. jhambiri, C. obovoldea/
obovoidea, C. medica, C. clementina, C. sinensis, C. volkamariana, C. reticulata, C.
unshiu, C. grandis, C. aurantium, C. jambhiri, C. shunkokan, C. wilsonii, C.
unshiumarc, C. canaliculata, Poncirus trifoliata and Fortunella spp.
 From- Egypt, USA, Brazil, Nigeria, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, France, Australia,
Nepal and Peru
14

15.  Mandarins- Kinnow, Clementine, Cleopatra, Wilking, Satsuma,
 Sweet oranges-Valencia Late, Washington Navel, Jaffa, Malta Blood Red, Pineapple,
Shamouti, Ruby Orange
 Grape fruit- Marsh seedless, Star Ruby, Natsudaidai, Thompson
 Lemon and limes- Lisbon lemon, Ichange lemon, Spora lime
 Rootstock- Alemow (Citrus macrophylla Wester) from Philippines
15

16.  By- NRC for Citrus, Nagpur and ICAR-AICRP (Tropical Fruits-
Citrus) centres
 Techniques used
 Herbarium observations and morphological descriptions
 Chemotaxonomic and numerical taxonomic studies
 Molecular characterization
16

17. 17

18. 18

19.  In situ conservation
 Citrus Gene Sanctuary (Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Garo Hills of Meghalaya)- 1981
 On farm conservation
 Northeastern India- C. reticulata (Khasi mandarin and Darjeeling mandarin), C.
sinensis (Tasi and Soh-nairange), C. medica, C. jambhiri, C. grandis, C.
limon (Assam lemon), C. latipes, C. macroptera and C. assamensis.
 Foot hills of Northwestern Himalayas- C. grandis, C. jambhiri, C. karna, C. rugulosa
and C. grandis
19

20. 20

21. No. Location Accessions
North-East India
1 Citrus Research Station, Assam Ag. Univ., Tinsukhia, Assam 36
2 ICAR Res. Complex of NEH, Umiam, Meghalaya 92
3 ICAR Res. Complex of NEH, Basar, Arunachal Pradesh 54
North-West India
1 RFRS, Punjab Agriculture University (PAU), Abohar, Punjab 132
2 PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab 76
3 Hort. Research Stn. (YSP Univ. of Hort. & Forestry), Sirmour,
Dhaulakuan, Himachal Pradesh
11
4 NBPGR, RS, Bhowali, Uttaranchal 35
5 Reg. Res. Station (RAU), Sriganganagar, Rajasthan 45
6 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 33
7 HAU, Hisar, Haryana 50- 60
8 Layalpur Farm, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan 50- 60 21

22. No. Location Accessions
Central india
1 NRC for Citrus, Nagpur, Maharashtra 614
2 PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra 18
3 RFRS (PDKV), Katol, Maharashtra 33
4 Hort. Res. Sta. (Maha. Agr. Univ.), Parbhani, Maharahstra 68
5 Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra 66
6 FRS (MPKV), Srirampur, Rahuri, Maharashtra 34
South India
1 Reg. Res. Sta. (IIHR), Chethali, Karnataka 126
2 IIHR, Hessarghatta, Bangalore, Karnataka 76
3 HES (TNAU), Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu 20
4 S.V. College of Agr., Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 115
5 . HRS (TNAU), Yercad, Tamil Nadu 41
22

23. 1. Desiccation Followed by Fast Freezing- in all citrus species
 Silica gel desiccation- embryo
 Air desiccation- embryonic axis
2. Vitrification- C. reticulata, C. sinensis etc.
3. Encapsulation dehydration-C. aurantifolia, C. madurensis, P. trifoliata
23

24. Species IC EC
Citrus aurantfolia 2 0
Citrus assamensis 1 0
Citrus aurantiaca 1 0
Citrus hystrix 1 0
Citrus indica 39 0
Citrus karna 37 0
Citrus latifolia 1 0
Citrus latipes 6 0
Citrus limmetta 6 0
Citrus macroptera 13 0 24
IC- Indigenous
cultivars
EC- Exotic
cultivars

25. Species IC EC
Citrus maderaspatana 5 0
Citrus madurensis 3 0
Citrus maxima 5 0
Citrus medica 56 0
Citrus megaloxycarpa 6 0
Citrus pectinefera 3 0
Citrus poncirus 1 0
Citrus reshni 7 0
Citrus rugulosa 2 0
Citrus sp. 64 6
25

26. Species IC EC
Citrus taiwanica 3 0
Citrus volkamariana 2 1
Fortunella sp. 1 0
Poncirus trifoliata 15 0
26

27.  CCSM-IASP, Brazil 2134
 NIAS, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan 2118
 CRI, Citrus Research Institute, China 1880
 NCGRCD, National Clonal Germplasm Repository For Citrus and Dates, USA 1103
 CIRAD, Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, France 1100
 CSFRI, Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, South Africa 1005
 Others (144) 20350
 Total 29690
(FAO, 2013)
27

28. Category of
plants & plant
material
Additional declarations required to be incorporated
into PSC
Special conditions
of import
Responsibility of
authorized
Institutions
(i) Grafts/ Bud
wood/
Plants
Freedom from:
(a) Mal secco (Deuterophoma tracheiphila)
(b) Stubborn or little leaf (Spiroplasma citri)
(c) Cancrosis B
(Xanthomonas campestris pv. aurantifolii)
(d) Citrus tatter leaf (Capillo virus)
(e) Satsuma dwarf virus
(f) Sweet orange scab (Elsinoe australis) and Tryon’s
scab (Sphaceloma fawcettii var. scabiosa)
(g) Citrus burrowing nematode (Radopholus citrophilus)
(h) Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidium)
(i) Citrus bud mite (Eriophyes sheldoni)
(j) Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora)
Post-entry quarantine
for a period of one
year.
Subject to the
recommendations,
supervision, monitoring
and testing by Director,
National Research
Centre on
Citrus, Nagpur , (Mahar
ashtra).
28

29. Category of plants
& plant material
Additional declarations
required to be incorporated
into PSC
Special conditions of
import
Responsibility of authorized
Institutions
(ii) Seeds for
propagation
Cancrosis B
(Xanthomonas campestris pv. au
rantifolii)
- Subject to the
recommendations, supervision,
monitoring and testing by
Director, National Research
Centre on
Citrus, Nagpur , (Maharashtra).
(iii) Tissue cultured
plants
Certified that the tissue-cultured
plants are obtained from mother-
stock indexed or tested and
maintained virus-free.
-
Import subject to prior approval
of Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation in the Ministry of
Agriculture
29

30.  By United States Department of Agriculture and National Science
Foundation
 Data overview
 Species- 67
 Germplasm- 1437
 Genes- 239770 genes and 527520 mRNAs
 Genetic maps- 81 maps
 Markers- 52555 markers
 Phenotypes- 23070 phenotypic measurements , 38 trait descriptors
30

31. 31

32. 32