2. ETHNOVETERINARY STUDIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN KAGHAN
VALLEY MANSEHRA, PAKISTAN
BASHARAT IQBAL
M.Phil Scholar
SUPERVISOR DR.GHULAM MUJTABA SHAH
Associate professor
Department of Botany
Hazara University Mmansehra
3. INTRODUCTION
Ethno-veterinary medicine (EVM) is a system that is based on folk beliefs, traditional
knowledge, skills, methods and practices used for curing diseases and maintaining
health of animals (Mathias-Mundy and McCorkle, 1989; Tabuti et al., 2003).
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 to 90% of the world’s
population still rely on traditional medicine and traditional healers for their health
care needs.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of Asia’s
population and over 50% of the population in Pakistan cannot afford formal health
care systems and are dependent on traditional medicines (Duke, 1992).
4. INTRODUCTION TO KAGHAN VALLEY
Kaghan valley is located in Tehsil Balakot.
The valley is bounded on the East as well as on the Southern side by Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, on the North by Chilas and Gilgit Agencies and on the West by Allai
Kohistan and Siran forest Divisions.
The valley extends 155 km
Its elevation is 2134 feet
Highest point is Babusar pass 13690 feet
The most common languages in the area are Gujari and Hindko. People can speak
and understand Urdu as well.
The principal tribes of the area are Gujars, which is divided into Solanki,
chohan,chichi,khadva ,rajpoot, garwar ,parhar ,parmar,charrn,charada etc
There are 3 veterinary hospital and 7 civil veterinary dispensary in the study area.
6. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To document ethnoveterinary plants of Kaghan valley.
To record the traditional knowledge which is depleted gradually
To document medicinal uses and indigenous recipes used by the natives.
7. Materials and Methods
• Data collection and data analysis
• Interviews and recording of data
• Plant collection and preservation
• Identifications
• Deposition in herbarium
8. Data analysis
Use Value. (UV)
Following formula is used to calculate UV.
UV= ∑Ui/Ni
Ui = The number of use reports cited by each informants for a given plant
species
Ni= The total number of interviewed informants
Informants Consensus Factor (FIC)
The level of homogeneity of information provided by different informants was calculated by the Informants Consensus
Factor (FIC).
FIC = (Nur – Nt)/(Nur – 1)
Where,
Nur = number of use reports from informants for a particular plant-use category;
Nt = number of species that are used for that plant use category for all informants.
FIC Values range between 0 and 1, where ‘1’ indicates the highest level of informant consent.
9. Age Wise distribution of individuals interviewed
Informants Age(15 to 30) Age(30 to
60)
Age(60 to 80) Total
Traditional
herbalist
5 10 04 19
Male informants 15 35 20 70
Female
informants
07 08 06 21
11. Table no 1.Family wise distribution of ethnoveterinary medicinal
plant species
Family No of species
Aceraceae 01
Apiaceae 04
Araceae 02
Asteraceae 11
Balsamaceae 03
Berberidiaceae 01
Brassicacea 02
Budlegiaceaea 01
Buxaceae 01
Canabaceae 01
Chenopodiaceae 02
38. The study area is rich in medicinal plants, local people usually practiced traditional
healing method for curing of diseases of animals. The present study reveals that 96
plant species belonging to 50 families and 81 genera are used.
During study it was observed that the local people of Kaghan valley is totally
dependent upon medicinal plants for curing the cattle ailments.
Mostly the people used old traditional method but it is gradually lost because the
younger population have no interest in this art.
During study the most commonly used family which is reported is Asteraceae with
11 plant species followed by Rosaceae.
The highest use value is reported for Impatiens glandulifera followed by Melia azedarach.
Mostly the local people used paste of the medicinal plants to treat various ailments
because it is very easy mode of administration.
Most of the ethnoveterinary medicinal plants belonging to herbs followed by tree.
The people belonging to age above 50 years have more knowledge about the
medicinal plants.
Leaves are frequently used to cure various diseases
Conclusion
39. Recommendation
The richness of data on EVPs is a sufficient justification to extend the
documentation process to other areas to collect valuable information on existing
EVPs.
The claims made by the EVM users and practitioners with respect to the efficacy
of narrated EVPs should be validated through carefully planned studies.
Grazing is the major threat to vegetation must banned
Local people must educate about the importance of medicinal plants
