crop production in jamun

1. Jamun

2. Jamun- Syzigium cumini
 Called as Malabar plum, Java plum, black plum
 Origin- Indian subcontinent
 Ever green tropical tree
 It can reach heights of up to 30 m and can live more
than 100 years
 Fruit - rich in iron,
-medicine for diabetes, heart and liver trouble

3. Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Syzygium
Species: S. cumini

4. Climate and soil
 Hardy crop- can grown under adverse soil and climatic
conditions
 Suitable for tropical and subtropical climates
 Requires dry weather at the time of flowering and fruit
setting
 Rains are beneficial for better growth, development
and ripening of fruit
 Young plants are susceptible to frost

5. Contd…
 Can grown on calcareous, saline, sodic soils and marshy
areas
 Well drained deep loam is ideal
 Do not prefer heavy and light sandy soil

6. Varieties
 There is no improved variety for commercial cultivation
 Common types
 Ram jamun-for north India –large ,oblong, purple fruit
 Paras – Gujarat- large sized fruit
 Narendra Jamun 6 – Faizabad,UP

7. Propagation
 Seed
 Most common method
 Seed has no dormancy
 Fresh seeds are sown (within 10 to 15 days) 4-5 cm
deep
 Germination: 10-15 days after sowing
 Polyembryony: 30-40%

8. Asexual propagation
 Budding
 Patch and forket budding- 70% success in march
 In low rainfall area July august is ideal
 Done on one year old root stock with 10 mm thickness

9. Planting
 Planting time
 July- September - ideal
 February- march – in irrigated area
 1m3 pits are dug out before onset of monsoon and
filled with 3 part soil and 1 part FYM
 Spacing :10x10m- seedlings
8x8m – budded plants

10. Training and pruning
 Regular pruning is not required
 Weak, diseased and crisscross branches are removed
 Branches are allowed only 60- 90 cm above ground
level

11. Manuring and fertilizers
 Pre bearing period- 20-25 kg FYM/plant/year
 Bearing trees- 50-60 kg FYM/plant/year
500:600:300g NPK /plant/year
 They should be spread near canopy of plant and mix
with soil by hoeing

12. Irrigation
 Young plant require 6- 8 irrigation
 Bearing trees
 September to October- for better fruit bud formation
 May to June- for better development of fruits
 5-6 irrigations are required for bearing trees

13. Flowering and fruiting
 Flowers are borne in the axils of leaves on branchlets
 In North Indian conditions, flowering occurs in the 1st
week of March till the end of April
 Pollen fertility is higher in the beginning of the season
 Maximum receptivity of stigma is observed one day
after anthesis
 Jamun is cross-pollinated by honey bees, houseflies and
wind

14. Contd…
 Maximum fruit set can be obtained by hand pollination
when it is done after one day of anthesis
 Thereafter, a sharp decline is observed in fruit set
 Heavy drop of flowers and fruits occur within 3 to 4 weeks
after blooming
Natural fruit drop can be reduced with two sprays of GA3 60
ppm -
1) @ full bloom
2) @ 15 days after initial setting of fruits

15. The pattern of growth and fruit development of jamun
can be divided into three phases:
1) 15-52 days after fruit set having slow growth of fruit
2) 52 to 58 days after fruit set having fast growth
3) 58 to 60 days after fruit set having slow growth and very little
addition in fruit weight

16. Harvest
 Seedling tree start bearing in 9-10 years
 Budded trees – 5-6 years
 Non-climacteric fruit- fully ripe fruits are harvested
 Harvesting period- June- July
 Yield
 Seedling tree- 80-100 kg/plant/year
 Budded tree- 50-70 kg/plant/year

17. Postharvest management
 Highly perishable; shelf life- 2days in ambient
temperature
 Storage- 8-10°C and 85-90% RH for 3 weeks
 Package- bamboo baskets
 Products- vinegar, cider, RTS, squash
 Seed powder- cure diabetes

18. Physiological disorders
 Heavy flower and fruit drop
 50% of flowers are drop within 3-4 weeks of
flowering
 Spray 60 ppm GA3 at full bloom and 15 days
after fruit set

19. Diseases
 Anthracnose
Pests
 White fly
 Leaf eating caterpillar