The document discusses participles in Vietnamese. It defines participles as verb-derived words that function as adjectives. There are three types of participles: present (active), past (passive), and perfect. The document provides examples and explanations of how each participle type is used, including in continuous verb forms, perfect tenses, relative clauses, and to describe reasons or multiple actions. Present participles end in "-ing" while past participles are the verb's past form. Perfect participles use "having" plus the past participle.

1. PARTICIPLES
(PHÂN TỪ)

2. I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Phân từ là từ do động từ tạo ra và nó có
đặc tính như một tính từ.

3. II. PHÂN LOẠI
 Phân từ gồm 3 loại: phân từ hiện tại, phân từ
quá khứ và phân từ hoàn thành.
- Phân từ hiện tại (Phân từ chủ động) = V-ing.
- Phân từ quá khứ (Phân từ bị động) = P2.
- Phân từ hoàn thành = Having + P2

4. III. CÁ CH D Ù NG

5. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE AS PART OF THE
CONTINUOUS FORM OF A VERB
 EXAMPLES
 I am working.
 He was singing.
 They have been walking.
 We will be staying.
 She would have been expecting me.

6. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE AFTER VERBS OF
MOVEMENT & POSITION
 This construction is particularly useful with the
verb to go.
 EXAMPLES
 She went shopping.
 I go running every morning.
 He lay looking up at the clouds.
 She came running towards me.

7. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ
HIỆN T Ạ I (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG)
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE AFTER VERBS OF
PERCEPTION
 The pattern for this usage is verb + object +
present participle.
 EXAMPLES
 I heard someone singing.
 He saw his friend walking along the road.
 I can smell something burning!
 I watched the birds flying away.

8. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ
HIỆN T Ạ I (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG)
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE AS AN ADJECTIVE
 EXAMPLES
 It was an amazing film.
 He was trapped inside the burning house.
 Many of his paintings show the setting sun.

9. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE WITH THE VERBS
“SPEND” AND “WASTE”
 The pattern with these verbs is verb + time/money
expression + present participle.
 EXAMPLES
 My boss spends two hours a day travelling to
work.
 Don't waste time playing computer games!
 They've spent the whole day shopping.
 I wasted money buying this game.

10. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE WITH THE VERBS
“CATCH” AND “FIND”
 The pattern with these verbs is verb + object +
present participle.
 EXAMPLES
 If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be
trouble!
 Don't let him catch you reading his letters.
 I caught him going through my bag.
 We found some money lying on the ground.
 They found their mother sitting in the garden.

11. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG)- V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE FOR TWO ACTIONS AT THE
SAME TIME
 When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by
the same person or thing, we can use a present participle to
describe one of them. When one action follows very quickly
after another done by the same person or thing, we can
express the first action with a present participle.
 EXAMPLES
 Whistling to himself, he walked down the road. = He whistled
to himself as he walked down the road.
 They went laughing out into the snow. = They laughed as
they went out into the snow.
 Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air. = She
dropped the gun and put her hands in the air.
 Putting on his coat, he left the house. = He put on his coat
and left the house.

12. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE TO EXPLAIN A
REASON
 The present participle can be used instead of a phrase
starting with as, since, or because. In this usage the
participial phrase explains the cause or reason for an
action.
 EXAMPLES
 Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened
the fridge. (Because he felt hungry, he went…)
 Being poor, he didn't spend much on clothes.
 Knowing that his mother was coming, he cleaned the
flat.
 He whispered, thinking his brother was still asleep.

13. 1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES: PHÂN T Ừ H IỆ N
TẠI (PHÂN T Ừ C H Ủ Đ Ộ NG) – V-ING
 USED IN RELATIVE CLAUSES
 EXAMPLES:
 I like the boy LIVING next to me= I like the boy who
lives next to me
 Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
(= do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?

14. 2. PAST PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ QUÁ
KHỨ/ PHÂN TỪ BỊ ĐỘNG): P2
Used as a part of passive voice
Examples:
New houses are still being built.
The glass is broken.

15. 2. PAST PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ QUÁ
KHỨ/ PHÂN TỪ BỊ ĐỘNG): P2
 Used to form perfect tenses
 Examples:
 She had decided to go to Italy.
 I have learnt English for 10 years.
 By July next year, we will have graduated
from high school.

16. 2. PAST PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ QUÁ
KHỨ/ PHÂN TỪ BỊ ĐỘNG): P2
 Used as an adjective
 Examples:
 I am interested in reading books.
 He feels bored with watching Vietnamese
films.
 The pavement was covered
with broken glass.

17. 2. PAST PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ QUÁ
KHỨ/ PHÂN TỪ BỊ ĐỘNG): P2
Used for 2 actions with 1 subject
Examples:
 Punished by the teacher, the boy
didn’t want to come to class any more.
(= Because the boy was punished by
the teacher, he didn’t want to come to
class any more.)

18. 2. PAST PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ QUÁ
KHỨ/ PHÂN TỪ BỊ ĐỘNG): P2
 Used in relative clauses
 Examples:
 The boy injured in the accident was taken to
hospital.
(The boy who was injured in the accident was taken
to hospital)
 Most of the goods made in this factory are
exported.
(Most of the goods which are made in this factory are
exported)

19. 3. PERFECT PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ
HOÀN THÀNH) – HAVING + P2
 Used for 2 actions with 1 subject
 Examples:
 Having read the instructions, he snatched up the
fire extinguisher. (Sau khi đọc lời chỉ dẫn, anh ta chộp
lấy ngay cái bình chữa cháy.) = After he had read...
 Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again (Sau khi
thất bại hai lần, anh ta không muốn thử lại nữa.)
= Because he had failed twice,...
 Having been his own boss for a long time, he found it
hard to accept orders from another (Sau một thời gian dài
tự làm chủ mình, anh ta thấy khó lòng chấp nhận lệnh
của kẻ khác.) = After he had been...