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Past simple, Present perfect and Present continuous tenses
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Part1: Past simple, Present perfect and Present continuous
tense’s
forms, usages and exercises.
Past simple tense
FORM
The affirmative form:
I, he, she, it was.
you, we, they were.
Examples:
 I was in London in 1999.
 Pam was in London in 1999, too.
 We were together.
 She was my girlfriend.
The interrogative form:
Was I, he, she, it?
Were you, we, they?
Examples:
 Were you in London last year?
 Was Pam with you?
 Were you together?

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The negative form:
I, you, he, she
was not.
wasn't.
You, we, they
were not.
weren't.
Examples:
 I wasn't in Paris in 1999.
 Pam wasn't in Paris in 1999.
 We weren't in Paris.
The most common time expressions used for the past simple are: yesterday, a week (month, year)
ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday, two days (months,
years) ago. The time expression appears either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence –
never in the middle of the sentence.
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one
specific time in mind.
Examples:
 I saw a movie yesterday.
 I didn't see a play yesterday.
 Last year, I traveled to Japan.
 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

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 Did you have dinner last night?
 She washed her car.
 He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
 I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
 He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at
10:00.
 Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a
longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all
year, etc.
Examples:
 I lived in Brazil for two years.
 Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
 They sat at the beach all day.
 They did not stay at the party the entire time.
 We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

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 A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the
same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add
expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
 I studied French when I was a child.
 He played the violin.
 He didn't play the piano.
 Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
 She worked at the movie theater after school.
 They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer
true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."
Examples:
 She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
 He didn't like tomatoes before.
 Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
 People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

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IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some
clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..."
These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain
when-clauses.
Examples:
 When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
 She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.
When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the
Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and
then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the
beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a
different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.
Example:
 I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever,
still, just, etc.
Examples:
 You just called Debbie.
 Did you just call Debbie?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
 Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE
 The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE

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Grammar Exercises - Simple Past Tense.
Put the verbs into the simple past:
1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.
2. It (be) fantastic.
3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with two friends of
mine .
4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs.
6. The weather (be) strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) a lot.
8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?
Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.
Infinitive Simple Past
1. meet
.
2. drive
.
3. speak
.
4. put
.
5. write
.
6. sing
.

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7. do
.
8. sit
.
9. stand
.
10. run
.
Complete the table in simple past.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
He wrote a book.
He did not sing
Was she pretty?
Put the sentences into simple past.
1. We move to a new house. →
2. They bring a sandwich. →
3. He doesn't do the homework. →
4. They sell cars. →
5. Does he visit his friends? →
Write sentences in simple past.
1. Janet / miss / the bus →
2. she / tidy / her room →
3. Nancy / watch / not / television→

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4. she / read / a book →
Choose "Was“ or "Were“:
1. The teacher nice.
2. The students very clever.
3. But one student in trouble.
4. We sorry for him.
5. He nice though.

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Present perfect tense
FORM
Have (in the simple present) + Verb (in the past participle form)
Positive Negative Interrogative
I have worked. I have not worked. Have you worked?
NOTE:
I have worked = I've worked
He has worked = He's worked
I have not = I haven't worked
He has not = He hasn’t worked
Examples:
 You have seenthat movie many times.
 Have you seenthat movie many times?
 You have not seenthat movie many times.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
 Use since with a specific year or a period in the past > since 2002 / since I was a child
 Use for with a number of years > for twenty years
 Use ever and yet in questions and negatives > Have you ever / hasn’t been yet
 Use already and never, just between have/has and the verb > has already finished / have just
been
 Use before, since, for, already, many times, so far, yet at the end of a sentence or questions >
Have you been there before?

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When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives
before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time
expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in
Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
 I have seenthat movie twenty times.
 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
 A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to
associate Present Perfect with the following topics:
TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the
experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.
The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

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Examples:
 I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THATYOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE.MAYBE
YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE,OR SEVERALTIMES.
 I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
 I have never been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THATYOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE.
 I think I have seenthat movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
 You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian
studies program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You
cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
 Man has walked on the Moon.

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 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened.
Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:
 James has not finished his homework yet.
 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the
past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are
possible.
Examples:
 The army has attacked that city five times.
 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
 We have had many major problems while working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is
sick.
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with
expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

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Examples:
 Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
 I have seenthat movie six times in the last month.
 They have had three tests in the last week.
 She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three
different companies so far.
 My car has broken down three times this week.
NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year
before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year"
means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present
Perfect.
Examples:
 I went to Mexico last year.
I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.
 I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEASTONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO ANDNOW.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present
Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five

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minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the
Present Perfect.
Examples:
 I have had a cold for two weeks.
 She has been in England for six months.
 Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and
non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are
sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
still, just, etc.
Examples:
 You have only seen that movie one time.
 Have you only seen that movie one time?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
 Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE
 That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE
For or Since with the Present Perfect
For and since are used with the present perfect to indicate time. For is used to say how
long something has been the case (e.i. the duration.)Since, however, is used to say that
something has been true from a particular time in the past until now.

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For
Used with the present perfect, for indicates the duration, that is how long something has lasted or
has continued:
Examples:
 I have been in this town for a long time.
 He has known her for six years.
Since
Use since to say that something has been true from a particular time in the past until now.
Examples:
 I have been in this town since I was 10 years old.
 He has known her since 2008.

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Present perfect continuous tense
FORM
Have (in the simple present) been verb + ing
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have been working. I have not been working. Have you been working?
Note:
I have been driving = I've been driving
I have not been driving = I haven't been driving
He has been sleeping = He's been sleeping
He has not been sleeping = He hasn't been
sleeping
Examples:
 I have been studying English for two years.
 Have you been studying English for two years?
 She's been revising her lessons.
 She hasn't been hanging around with her friends.
Time Expressions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
 Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a period in the past > I have been jogging
in this park since 2002 / He has been staring at the wall eversince he heard the news.
 Use for with a number of hours, days, months, years > She’s been talking on the phone for 3
hours.
USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

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We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has
continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all
durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.
Examples:
 They have been talking for the last hour.
 She has been working at that company for three years.
 What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
 James has been teaching at the university since June.
 We have been waiting here for over two hours!
 Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
USE 2 Recently, Lately
You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks."
Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words
"lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.
Examples:
 Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
 She has been watching too much television lately.
 Have you been exercising lately?
 Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
 Lisa has not been practicing her English.
 What have you been doing?
IMPORTANT
Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you
use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can

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suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?"
can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you
can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this
tense incorrectly.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses.
Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.
Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect.
Examples:
 Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
 Sam has had his car for two years. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
still, just, etc.
Examples:
 You have only been waiting here for one hour.
 Have you only been waiting here for one hour?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
 Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE
 Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE
NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is less commonly used in its passive form.

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Grammar Exercises - Present Perfect Simple and Continuous
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1. They / play / football -
2. He / speak / English -
3. I / write / a poem -
4. We / not / wash / the car -
5. Nancy / not / meet / her friends-
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1. They / finish / their homework -
2. She / visit / her friend-
3. The maid / clean / the house -
4. He / drive / the van -
5. You / ever / write / a poem -
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).
1. I (not / work) today.
2. We (buy) a new car last week.
3. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.
4. She (not / see) her mother for a long time.
5. He (write) a beautiful poem yesterday.

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Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).
1. I think the waiter (forget) us . We (wait) here for over half an
hour and nobody (take) our order yet.
2. I think you're right. He (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably
thinks we (order, already) .
PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE
Present Perfect Past Simple
I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.
They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.
Have you seen 'Othello'?. Where did you see 'Othello'?
We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?
Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
We use the present perfect tense to talk about things where there is a connection between the past
and the present.
 He’s written 16 books.
He started writing books at some time in the past. So far, he has written 16 books. He may write
more books.
As well as the present perfect simple, we can use the present perfect continuous tense to talk
about events with a connection to the present.

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1 Look at these 2 sentences:
 I’ve been decorating the house this summer. The focus is on the action – decorating – and the
action is unfinished.
 I’ve painted the living room blue. The focus is on the finished result. The activity is finished but
we can see the result now.
We use the present perfect continuous when the focus is on an activity that is unfinished.
2 Look at these two sentences.
 I’ve read that book you lent me. I finished it yesterday.
 I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve got another 50 pages to read.
The present perfect simple (I’ve read) gives the idea of completion while the present perfect
continuous (I’ve been reading) suggests that something is unfinished.
 She’s been writing emails for 3 hours.
 She’s written 10 messages.
The present perfect continuous (has been writing) talks about how long something has been
happening. The present perfect simple (has written) talks about how much/how many have
been completed.
 I’ve worked here for thirty years.
 I usually work in London but I’ve been working in Birmingham for the last 3 weeks.
We can use the present perfect simple to talk about how long when we view something as
permanent. But the present perfect continuous is often used to show that something is
temporary.

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Irregular verbs
Present Past PPII Meaning
be was, were been байх, болох
become became become болох
begin began begun эхлэн
blow blew blown үлээх, салхилах
break broke broken эвдлэх
bring brought brought авч ирэх
build built built барих
burst burst burst тэсрэх
buy bought bought худалдаж авах
catch caught caught барих
choose chose chosen сонгох
come came come ирэх
cut cut cut хэрчих таслах
deal dealt dealt зохицох, шийдэх, тараах
do did done хийх
drink drank drunk уух
drive drove driven жолоодох
eat ate eaten идэх
fall fell fallen унах
feed fed fed хооллох,
feel felt felt мэдрэх
fight fought fought зодолдох
find found found олох
fly flew flown нисэх
forbid forbade forbidden хориглох
forget forgot forgotten мартах

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forgive forgave forgiven уучлах
freeze froze frozen хөлдөх
get got gotten авах
give gave given өгөх
go went gone явах
grow grew grown өсөх
have had had байх
hear heard heard сонсох
hide hid hidden нуух
hold held held барих
hurt hurt hurt гэмтэх,
keep kept kept хадгалах
know knew known мэдэх
lay laid laid ширээ засах
lead led led удирдах
leave left left орхиж явах
let let let зөвшөөрөх
lie lay lain худал ярих, хэвтэх
lose lost lost хаях
make made made хийх
meet met met уулзах
pay paid paid төлбөр хийх
quit quit quit гарах
read read read унших
ride rode ridden унах /дугуй, морь/
ring rang rung утас дуугарах
rise rose risen өсөх, дээшлэх, нар мандах
run ran run гүйх
say said said хэлэх

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see saw seen харах
seek sought sought хайх
sell sold sold худалдах
send sent sent илгээх
shake shook shaken сэгсрэх
shine shone shone гялалзах
sing sang sung дуулах
sit sat sat суух
sleep slept slept унтах
speak spoke spoken ярих
spend spent spent зарцуулах
spring sprang sprung үсрэх
stand stood stood зогсох
steal stole stolen хулгайлах
swim swam swum сэлэх
swing swung swung савах
take took taken авах
teach taught taught заах
tear tore torn урах
tell told told хэлэх
think thought thought бодох
throw threw thrown шидэх
understand understood understood ойлгох
wake woke (waked) woken (waked) сэрэх
wear wore worn өмсөх
win won won ялах
write wrote written бичих

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Badamtseren Chinbat
Part2: Past simple, present perfect and present continuous tenses
usages on the text.
Written by: Charles Dickens
DAVID COPPERFIELD
My name is David Copperfield. I recorded that I was born on a Friday, at twelve o’clock
at night, at Blunderstone in Suffolk. As the clock began to strike, I began to cry. My father had
died six months before my birth. There is something strange, even now, in the reflection that he
never saw me. And something stranger still in my first memories stranger still in my first
memories of his white gravestone in the churchyard, and the pity 1 left for him lying in the cold
and the dark, when our house was warm and bright. A day before my birth, while my mother was
sitting sadly by the fire, she noticed an elderly lady walking up the garden path. The lady came
up to the window and pressing her face against the glass of the window, gestured authoritatively
to my mother to open the door. “Miss Betsy Trotwood,” said the visitor. “You have heard of her,
I dare say.” Miss Trotwood had been fond of my father, but she felt insulted when my father
marred my mother, who according to her was a “wall doll”. After that, she never met my father.
My mother welcomed her. Soon after, she declared her intension of helping to bring up my
father’s child, if it was a girl. Later , when she heard a son was born she walked out and never
come back. As time passed, I began to notice things. My first clear memories are of my mother
with very ordinary looks, and red that I wondered the birds didn’t peck them in preference to
apples. The next thing I remember is our house. It had a large number of windows which allowed
a free and abundant flow of sweet smelling summer air. There was a garden at the back with
trees stooped with ripe fruits. I have not seen such ripe and rich fruit, thereafter, in any other
garden. I recollected a winter’s evening. While playing and dancing about the parlour, I noticed
my mother sit down by the fire as she was out of breath. I watched her winding her curls round
her fingers and straightening her dress. I knew , even then , that she liked to look well, and was
proud of being so pretty. One evening Peggotty and I were sitting by the fire. Although it was
quite late, well after my bed time, I had permission to sit up until my mother came home. As the
garden-bell rang, we went out to her door. My mother was there, looking very pretty. At her side
was a gentleman with beautiful black hair and whiskers. I remembered that he had walked home
with us from church, the previous Sunday. My mother held me in her arms and kissed me. The
gentleman patted me on the head. I did not like him and was jealous that his hand should touch
my mother’s, while patting me. I pushed it away. The gentleman could clearly notice my

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annoyance. I noticed that my mother had never looked so beautiful. She thanked the gentleman
for escorting her home. She put out her hand to him and I noticed that the gentleman kissed her
little glove. He extended his hand for me to shake but I would not let him. He went away, calling
me a brave fellow. Thereafter, he started visiting our house often. I got used to him and came to
know that his name was Murdstone, in spite if his frequent visits, I still disliked him and was
jealous of him. One evening, while I was sitting with Peggotty , I left that Peggotty wanted to say
something, but somehow could not. Then at last she said, “Master David, would you like to go
with me and spend a fortnight at my brother’s place, at Yarmouth?” “is your brother a kind man,
Peggotty?” I asked. “Oh yes!: cried Peggotty.” And there is the sea, the ships and the fisherman,
and the beach; and Ham to play with.”
I was quit excited to hear of all the delights, and told Peggotty answered. My mother, willingly,
agreed to the plan, and it was all arranged that night. The day of our departure came soon. As I
had never left my mother before, I began to cry. My mother cried too. I could feel her hearth beat
against mine, when she put her arms around me.
As we left her standing, Mr Murdstone came up to her being so moved. I wondered what
business it was of his.
Present perfect
tense
____________
2%
Pastsimpletense
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
98%
Present perfect
continuous tense
0%
Present perfect and Past simple tenses usages
in text

27
Badamtseren Chinbat
Conclusion
I have studied
 What is Past simple tense
 What is Present perfect tense
 What is Present perfect continuous tens gaps
 What are their gaps.
I have never been try to know their gaps before. Now I knew that Past simple tense tells
the action already ended and it’s times always definitely. Past simple tenses uses yesterday, a
week (month, year) ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday,
two days (months, years) ago. This is time expression and it appears either at the beginning
or at the end of the sentence , never in the middle of the sentence. And verbs must be past.
But in Present perfect tense an action has done and we can know results and the action might
be continue. Present perfect tense uses ever, never, once, many times, several times, before,
so far, already, yet, etc. And verbs must be past participle two. And in Present perfect
continuous tense to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now.
"For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used
with the Present Perfect Continuous. Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a
period in the past and use for with a number of hours, days, months, years etc. Now I can
detach the Past simple tense, present perfect tense and Present continuous tenses. This course
work was really interesting and effective for me. Now I decided to study Past continuous tens
and Past perfect tenses. Cause they have liaison. Certainly it will help my dreaming English.
It will be my purpose. I will do it perfectly.

28
Badamtseren Chinbat
Bibliography
1. Charles Dickens “DAVID COPPERFIELD” 2008
2. Dr.Prof.Dagiimaa.Ts “SYNTAX” 2014
3. Virginia Evans, Lynda Edwards “UPSTREAM” Advanced1
4. http://www.englishpage.com/
5. http://www.gingersoftware.com/
6. http://www.myenglishpages.com/
7. http://needaenglish.blogspot.com/

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