This chapter discusses how globalization affects the role of states and local governments. It outlines how economic sovereignty is difficult to achieve in a highly interconnected world where policies are influenced by international realities. While foreign investment can generate jobs and growth, it may displace communities and impact the environment. The chapter also examines international organizations that now govern global issues and relations, restricting some aspects of sovereignty. Balancing economic interests with social and environmental concerns is a challenge for local governments.

1. Chapter 4
The Global
Interstate System

2. Defining "State"
01

3. "states are independent political
communities each of which
possesses a government and
asserts sovereignty in relation to
a particular segment of the
human population"
(Hedley Bull)

4. Defining
"Interstate"
02

5. "a system of unequally powerful and competing
states in which no single state is capable of
imposing control on all others. These states are
in interaction with one another in a set of
shifting alliances and wars and changes in the
relative power of states upsets any temporary
set of alliances, leading to the restructuring of
balance of power"
(Chase-Dunn)

6. Neoliberalism

7. Neoliberalism
the intensification of the influence and dominance of
capital
values market exchange capable of acting as a guide to
all human action
emphasizes the significance of contractual relations in
the marketplace
social good will be maximized by maximizing the reach
and frequency of market transactions

8. Economic Sovereignty

9. Economic Sovereignty
the power of national governments to make decisions
independently of those made by other governments

10. In a highly globalized world, is
economic sovereignty still
achievable?

11. Effects of Globalization on local governments
Community Impact
Property Values Jobs and Opportunities Community Exposure

12. The reality
As the world becomes more interconnected
through politics, trade, and communications,
the role of states and governments are also
shifting. Thus, national and local policies are
not only based on local context but also
international and global realities.

13. Montreal Protocol on
Substances that deplete
the ozone layer
aims to phase out the production of numerous substances
responsible for ozone depletion, signed on August 26, 1987,
with 46 country signatories.
definitive evidence of the Montreal Protocols' success was
discussed by NASA and projected that ozone levels will
return to 1980 levels by 2032.
an example of how international agreements and efforts
could fight borderless challenges and issues

16. How does globalization
negatively affect local
governments and local
communities?

17. Dilemma for local governments
A local government would like to attract major global
investors in their community. This could help generate jobs
for local residents and income for local businesses.
However, it entails converting tracks of agricultural lands
into industrial zones. Farmers will be displaced and
agricultural production of the will be affected.

18. Dilemma for local governments
Global corporations also demand lower taxes and lower
wages to finalize their investment in the area. They argue
that they will create more jobs and more income for the
local community and government.

19. How could local governments balance
improved economic performance and
participation in the global scene without
sacrificing local social and environmental
well-being?
Are local governments influenced by
powerful corporate entities?

20. Institutions that
govern globalization

21. With the growing globalization, the governance of
global relations goes beyond the national
governments. One country's scale and scope are
limited in addressing regional and global issues
like climate change, cybercrimes, glob financial
crises, and territorial disputes. Asides from the
governments, non-state actors continue to
increase their roles in global governance.

22. Non-state Actors
Non-government organizations, volunteer
organizations, and interest groups
The increased number of international organizations
and the expansion of their functions have undeniably
restricted a country's sovereignty to a certain extent.
Several institutions govern international relations and
affairs.

23. International Organizations
United Nations
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization

24. Other International Organizations
192 member states
seen as a facilitator f global governance
has regional commissions composed of
officials from different countries in charge
of making certain laws that promulgate
certain rights for economic and social
development
UN

25. Other International Organizations
IMF
looks at the stability of the international
monetary system by monitoring the
global economy, lends to countries, and
provides policy and technical advisory
functions

26. Other International Organizations
WTO
regulates international trade, ensures the
smooth flow of trade, and provides a
forum for negotiations for trade
agreements among countries and regions
of the world.

27. Other International Organizations
WHO
responsible for global research on
medicines and vaccines.