Natural organic and biological farming A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan

2. NATURAL ORGANIC and
BIOLOGICAL FARMING
INTRODUCTION TO:
NATURAL FARMING
With
ORGANIC & BIOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGY
(An Attempt to go back to Mother Nature)
Prepared and compiled by:
REX A. RIVERA
Agronomist
Year 2008
Address: 30 Lapu Lapu St., General Santos City, Philippines
Email: rarivera8@yahoo.com
Website: www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil
Tel. No. 083-301-0117
Mobile: 0905-242-2691

3. NATURAL ORGANIC and
BIOLOGICAL FARMING
 Natural Organic and Biological
Farming is now possible with
practical technology, we can teach
farmers.
 We do not need to depend entirely
on synthetic toxic agro-chemicals.
 There is a growing market demand
world wide for organically grown
food crops as fruits and vegetables.

4. INTRODUCTION
 We can grow healthful food
with NATURAL ORGANIC AND
BIOLOGICAL FARMING systems.
The knowledge and simple but
practical technology, can
protect your crops and help you
earn more from your garden and
farm. Let’s return to “Natural
Farming” and Sustainable
Agriculture.

5. NATURAL FARMING is a culture
where plants are grown very close
to 100% natural environment with
least human intervention.
It can remedy the degradation of
our soil, environment, ecosystem
and life or bio diversity.
Nature has abundant beneficial
insects, microorganism and herbs
we can use to grow crops.

6. THE NATURAL LAWS
 Natural laws are those that govern all of
creation, the environment, plants,
animals, the land, waters, weather,
climate and the cycle of life and matter.
 Farmers have to learn the interplay of
these natural laws with the nature, habit
and characteristic of the crops they grow.
 This is SUSTAINABLE FARMING.

7. COMPONENTS of
NATURAL FARMING
 Organic Pesticides and Repellant
 Organic Fungicide
 Organic Compost Fertilizer
 Organic Foliar Fertilizer
 Biological Pest Control
 Use of beneficial fungus
 Use of beneficial bacteria
 Use of insect parasite and predators

8. NATURAL FARMING SYSTEMS
AND PRACTICES
 Zero cultivation and following
 IPM (Integrated Pest Management)
 Bio pest control - natural enemies.
 Use of organic compost fertilizer.
 Use organic liquid foliar fertilizer.
 Planting resistant and tolerant crops
 Crop rotation, and Inter cropping
 Following - resting the soil.

9. SUSTAINABLE FARMING
 Inter cropping pest repellant plants.
 Integrated cropping pattern.
 Growing right crop on the right soil,
climate, time and place or region.
 Use of soil and seed inoculants.
 Growing leguminous cover crops.
 Preserve natural forest vegetation for
herbs and bio-diversity.
 Bio Chard or charcoal soil

10. BIOCHARD or CHARCOAL SOIL
 Biochar? What is it, and what is it
good for? Biochar is basically
charcoal, the natural kind made from
charring wood or other biomass by
driving off the moisture and volatile
gases, leaving mostly carbon. This
carbon does 2 main things: it greatly
aids soils for plant nutrition, and it
holds (sequesters) carbon, creating a
negative carbon footprint.

11. ORGANIC FARMING
 Organic farming is a form of
agriculture which avoids or largely
excludes the use of synthetic
fertilizers and pesticides, plant
growth regulators, and livestock feed
additives.
 It rely more on the use of crop
residue extracts and animal waste,
microbial decomposition to supply the
needed plant nutrients and biological
protection against pest and disease.

12. CROP TOTATION
 As much as possible, organic farmers
rely on crop rotation, crop residues,
animal manures composting and
mechanical cultivation to maintain soil
productivity and tilt (soil texture) to
supply plant nutrients, and to control
weeds, insects and other pests and
diseases (pathogens).

13. What is organic farming?
 Organic farming refers to
agricultural production systems
used to produce food and fiber.
Organic farming management relies
on developing biological diversity in
the field to disrupt habitat for pest
organisms, and the purposeful
maintenance and replenishment of
soil fertility. Organic farmers are not
allowed to use synthetic pesticides
or fertilizers.

14. ORGANIC FARM PRODUCTS
 All kinds of agricultural products are
produced organically, including produce,
grains, meat, dairy, eggs, fibers such as
fruits, vegetables, grains, root crops,
spices, flowers, ornamentals and
processed food products.
 Poultry and livestock raised and feed
with organic feeds in natural
environment.

15. Essential characteristics of
organic systems include:
1. Design and implementation of an
"organic system plan" that
describes the practices used in
producing crops and livestock
products;
2. A detailed recordkeeping system
that tracks all products from the
field to point of sale; and
3. Maintenance of buffer zones to
prevent inadvertent contamination
by synthetic farm chemicals from
adjacent conventional fields.

16. HOW DO ORGANIC FARMING WORK?
 Organic farming build healthy soils by
nourishing the living component of the
soil, the microbial inhabitants that
release, transform, and transfer
nutrients. Soil organic matter contributes
to good soil structure and water-holding
capacity.
 Introduce vermi-culture composting.
 Adopt green manureing.

17. SOIL MICROBS
 Organic farming feed soil biota (Soil
inoculants - microorganism) and
build soil structure and water-
holding capacity. Organic farmers
build soil organic matter with cover
crops, compost, and biologically
based soil amendments.

18.  These produce healthy plants that are
better able to resist disease and insect
predation.
 Organic farmers' primary strategy in
controlling pests and diseases is
prevention through good plant nutrition
and management.

19. COVER CROPS
 Organic farmers use cover crops
and sophisticated crop rotations to
manage the field ecology,
effectively disrupting habitat for
weeds, insects, and disease
organisms. Weeds are controlled
through crop rotation, mechanical
tillage, and hand-weeding, as well
as through cover crops, mulches,
and other management methods.

20.  Organic farming rely on a diverse
population of soil organisms, beneficial
insects, and birds to keep pests in check.
When pest populations get out of
balance, growers implement a variety of
strategies such as the use of insect
predators, mating disruption, traps and
barriers.

21. ORGANIC PROGRAM RULES
 Under the National Organic Program
Rule, growers are required to use
sanitation and cultural practices first
before they can resort to applying a
material to control a weed, pest or
disease problem. Use of these
materials in organic production is
regulated, strictly monitored, and
documented. As a last resort,
certain botanical or other non-
synthetic pesticides may be applied.

22. Natural Farming Practices
 Zero cultivation and following,
(Rest and rejuvenate the soil).
 Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
 Insect traps, lure and attractants.
 Use of Biological pest control
(natural enemies of pest)
 Use of Organic Compost fertilizer
and bio micro inoculants.
 Use of Organic Pest and Disease
control materials (HOC–Herbal
Organic Concentrate)

23. REVIEW
 Use of indigenous resistant plant
varieties and strain.
 Practice crop rotation and following
(resting the soil for some time).
 Growing and inter-cropping of pest
repellant and herbal plants.
 Integrated cropping pattern to
prevent growth of toxic weeds.
 Growing the right crop on the right
soil, climate and at the right time

24. BIOLOGICAL FARMING
 The objectives of Biological
Farming as part of Natural
Farming is to produce food
crops without the use and
traces of toxic synthetic
chemical product.
 In this case, we will be using
living organisms from the
microscopic beneficial fungus
and bacteria to insects and
animals and other life forms.

25. MATERIALS USED IN NATURAL
FARMING SYSTEMS: Review
 Organic pesticides and repellants.
 Organic fungicides and antibiotics.
 Organic compost fertilizers w/ BMO.
 Organic Foliar Fertilizer w/ BMO.
 Biological Pest Control agents:
1. Beneficial fungus, bacteria & yeast.
2. Use of parasites and predators.
3. Birds, animals feeding on pests.

26. HOC – Herbal Organic Concentrate
 We have very good news. We developed
a new organic product that can replace
many Agro Chemicals used in
conventional farming. It is HOC-4n1,
with four properties:
1. Foliar Fertilizer with trace elements
2. Pest Repellant
3. Insecticide
4. Fungicide
5. With BMO (Beneficial Microorganism)

27. BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL
 There are many beneficial insects,
birds; animals that help suppress the
population of insect pest. Providing
them home and habitat within your
farm will greatly lessen incidents of
serious infestation.
 Bacteria, yeast and fungus (BYM)
Pro-biotic that fight bad bacteria and
fungus; and damage the egg as well
as adult insect pests can be very
helpful at low cost while renewable as
they live and grow.

28. NATURAL HABITAT
 We encourage green belting and
preserving a natural forest within
your farm to host and preserve wild
animals, birds, insects and beneficial
microorganisms.
 Beneficial herbal plants will also grow
and become source of pest control
materials

29. HOW BIOCONTROL WORKS
 The method of biological control or
biocontrol makes use of natural
agents such as friendly beneficial
insects in controlling pests. The
natural agents control the pest
through:
 *PREDATION – Killing & Eating
*PARASITIZATION - Feeding
*INFECTION -Disease

30. The biological agents
 Predators such as ladybird beetle,
spiders, dragonflies and mites.
 Parasites such as Trichogramma,
Braconids
 Pathogens such as bacteria and
fungi which cause diseases to pest.

31. Advantages of biologicals
 Safe to man, animals, fishes and
birds.
 Safe to the environment with very
high level (88-94%) of control
 Require less labor than the chemical
control.
 Requires minimal expenses. Cheap
compared to chemicals.

32. Disadvantages of Biologicals:
 Very hard to rear commercially. It will need
laboratory facilities secure, sanitized and
away from other biological rearing facility.
 It will need constant attention and monitoring
by expert workers.
 Due to complex parasites that will attack the
host and feed competitors during rearing and
field placement.
 Will need correct timing in rearing and field
release that farmers should well understand
and follow right application procedures.

33. SOME ENENIES OF INSECT PESTS
1. Trichogramma
2. Braconid
3. Pirate bug
4. Spiders
5. Praying Manthis
6. Birds
7. Frogs etc.

34. BIO - IPM
 IPM is a kind of management using
different strategies and techniques such
as cultural, biological and chemical in
controlling insect pests and diseases in
agricultural crops.
 Know the season when insect breeds like
Corn Borer in Mid May - July start of the
rainy season. Aug.- Sept has less pest.

35. Three (3) kinds of insect control:
 Cultural: Land preparation,
cultivation, cropping pattern,
irrigation and drainage, pruning and
thinning, sanitation, etc.
 Biologolical : Using predators,
parasites and pathogens.
 Chemical: The use of chemical or
organic biological preparations as
insecticides or insect repellant.

36. Basic biological control procedure:
Introduction of potential natural
enemies.
 Augmentation through periodic
release of natural enemies.
 Conservation by maintaining an
alternate food for the natural
enemies while the pest
population is low.

37. Basic biological control procedure:
 Biological control agents:
 Predators such as ants, ladybird
beetle, lace wings, spider, preying
mantis, hover flies, birds, frogs, etc.
 Pathogens such as Bacteria and
fungus like mf, bt, npv, etc.
 Parasites like Trichogramma and
Braconids.

38. Different kinds of Pesticides:
 Insecticides for insect pests.
 Fungicide for fungus or mold.
 Bactericide for bacteria.
 Nematocide for nematodes.
 Herbicide for weeds or herbs.
 Rodenticide for rodents or rats.
 Acaricide for trips and mites.

39. MICRO-BIOLOGICAL FARMING
 Bacteria, yeast and molds (BYM)
are now being introduced in
Agriculture to help farmers
grow crops with lesser or no
dependence on toxic synthetic
chemicals.
 Some of the products now
available in the market for
mango culture and other crops
are: EM, BMO, HOC, etc.

40.  MYCOMET
 (Metharizium anisopliae)
 M.a. is a pure culture of beneficial soil
inhabiting fungus that is used for the
biological control of more than 300
species of insects and anthropods. It is
used in controlling aphids, beetles, leaf
miner, fruit borers, earworm, crickets,
diamond back moth, worms, hoppers,
locust, nematodes, black bug, housefly,
spittle bug, white grub weevil,
wireworm, thrips, ticks, termites,
cockroaches, whiteflies and other insect
pests.

41.  MYCOBO (Beuvaria bassiana)
 Discovered by Balsamo
Vuillemin, is a pure culture of
beneficial fungus that is used
as a biological control agent to
parasitize insects. This is used
in controlling more than 200
species of insects. Among them
are ants, aphids, diamond back
moth, cockroaches, mealybugs,
psyllids, thrips, whitefly, and
termites.

42. SEED and SOIL INOCULATS
 Several bacteria, fungus and other
beneficial microorganisms have now
been developed and marketed for
easy farmers use as seed and soil
inoculants to increase soil fertility
and help in the general vigor and
productivity of plants. Example:
Bio-N (Nitrogen fixing bacteria),
MICOVAM (Mychorriza)

43. SUMMARY IN BRIEF
 We have to learn the laws of nature
in the Land the Sea and the Sky.
 We should understand the interplay
in Nature and the environment of
plants, animals with the matter.
 We are in a continuing process of
learning the intricate mysteries of
nature.

44. CONCLUSION
 We can now grow our crops, following the
natural law and adopt Natural Organic
and Biological Farming Systems that are
self sustaining, production cost reduction,
and healthful organic food crops that are
very much in demand in the domestic and
export market today.
 We can grow healthful crops. at lower
cost.

45. THANK YOU
 Prepared By:
 REX A. RIVERA
 Agronomist
 30 Lapu Lapu St. General Santos City
 Email: rarivera8@yahoo.com
 Web:
www.freewebs.com/organicfarmphil
 Mobile: 0905-242-2691
 Tel. No. 083-301-0117