THE FUNCTION OF EQUIPMENT DETAIL reactor distillation column gas absorbtion compressor pumps heat exchanger boiler tank electric heater cooling tower

1. PROCESS
EQUIPMENT IN
CHEMICAL
PLANT
GROUP MEMBER :
AINI , NASHA, NABILAH , AIZAT,
ALI & ZUL

2. CONTENTS
 REACTOR
 DISTILLATION
COLUMN
 GAS ABSORBTION
 COMPRESSOR
 PUMPS
 HEAT EXCHANGER
 BOILER
 TANK
 ELECTRIC HEATER
 COOLING TOWER

3. REACTOR
• A chemical reactor is an equipment unit in chemical process where the chemical
transformation/reaction takes place to generate desirable products.
• The configuration and operating conditions are selected to achieve the objective such
as maximising the profit/products and minimising the generation of pollutants

4. DISTILLATION COLUMN
 A distillation column is equipment used for separation of two or more
mixture into its individual components.
 A complex distillation system is achieved when dealing with multi-
component feed.
 Reflux ratio is the important key in distillation process.
 It is the ratio of the amount of mole returned as reflux liquid to the
fractionating column and the amount of moles of final product per
unit time.

5. GAS ABSORBTION
 Absorption process is a gas-liquid mass
transfer operation in which a component is
transferred from gas phase to the liquid.
 Gas absorption unit has been widely used
as a selective removal tool of one or more
component from a gas mixture by a
suitable liquid forming solution of the gases
upon absorption.
 The rate of absorption is determined by
the rate of molecular diffusion that largely
controls this interphase mass transfer.
 There are two types of operation which are
physical and chemical absorption.

6. COMPRESSOR
 A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by
reducing its volume.
 There are two fundamentally different classes o compressor.
 The most common is a rotary-type compressor (either axial flow or
radial/cetrifudgal flow), in which the internal processes are essentially the
opposite of the two processes occuring inside a turbine

7. PUMPS
 Mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move
liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects such as
tires.
 The symbols for pumps may closely resemble those for
compressors.

8. HEAT EXCHANGER
 Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient
heat transfer from one fluid to another and are
widely used in engineering processes.
 Some examples are intercoolers, pre-heaters,
boilers and condensers in power plants.

9. BOILER
 A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is
heated.
 The heated or vaporized fluid which exits the boiler will be
used in many processes or heating applications.

10. TANK
 Used to store process fluids of various
types, under different process
conditions.
 They come in a variety of sizes and
shapes, and are used for static storage,
processing, mixing, and transport of
both raw materials and finished
chemical products.

11. ELECTRIC HEATER
 An electric heater is an electrical device
that converts electric current to heat.
 The heating element inside every
electric heater is an electrical resistor,
and works on the principle of Joule
heating: an electric current passing
through a resistor will convert that
electrical energy into heat energy.

12. COOLING TOWER
 A cooling tower is a heat
rejection device which
rejects waste heat to
the atmosphere through the
cooling of a water stream to a
lower temperature.
 Cooling towers may either use
the evaporation of water to
remove process heat and cool
the working fluid to near
the wet-bulb air temperature or,
in the case of closed circuit dry
cooling towers, rely solely on air
to cool the working fluid to near
the dry-bulb air temperature.

13. END . . . . .