Sulphonamides - Sulphadiazine

1. SULPHADIAZINE

4. Sulphonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as
competitive inhibitors of p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic
acid metabolism cycle.
Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulphonamides, and
resistance to one sulphonamide indicates resistant to all.
Most sulphonamides are readily absorbed orally.
However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble
sulphonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues.
The sulphonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues.

5. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular
fluids.
Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF
levels are high in meningeal infections.
Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus.
Sulfadiazine is a synthetic pyrimidinyl sulphonamide derivative,
short-acting bacteriostatic Sulfadiazine inhibits bacterial folic
acid synthesis by competing with para amino benzoic acid.
It is used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat
toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome and in new-borns with congenital infections.