The document is a biology project report submitted by a student on the topic of drug addiction. It includes an introduction defining drugs and addiction, a classification of major drug types, how addiction begins through various factors like curiosity or peer pressure, and the negative effects of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs on health and society. It concludes by emphasizing the need for evidence-based public health strategies to prevent and treat substance abuse issues.

1. Sara. Sant Atulanand Residential Academy
Biology 🧬project file on
●DRUG ADDICTION💊🍾
Submitted By : Abhineet yadav (11th
B1)
Roll number:- 05 ,
Submitted to : poonam alok mishra

2. 2
Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in this project . However, it would
not have been possible without the kind support and
help of many individuals.
I would like to thank my principal Mr.Avinash pandey.
And school for providing me with the facilities required
to do my project.
I am highly indebted to my biology teacher “Mrs.
Poonam alok mishra” for her invaluable guidance which
has sustained my efforts in all the stages in this project
work.
I would like to thank my parents for continuous support
and encouragement.
My thank and appreciation also goes to my fellow
classmates and the laboratory assistant in developing
the project and to the people who have willingly helped
me out with their abilities.

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Index
S.No. Content Page
1 Certificate
2 Acknowledgement
3 Aim and objective
4 Project Report on
Drug Dependence
5 Introduction to
"drugs addiction"
6 Classification of
Drugs
7 Combinations of
Drugs and Alcohol
8 How does drug
addiction begin?
9 Social Disease
Smoking,Drinking,
andUse of Drugs
10 Tobacco
11 Alcohol

4. 4
Aim and Objective
●To study about Drugs
●Their classification
●Addictive nature🍁
●Prevention from drug addiction.

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Introduction to Drug Addiction 💊
"Drug Addiction" phrase is made by two words:
1)Drug
2) Addiction
What is meant by a drug?
Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention,
diagnosis, all aviation or treatment of a disease is called
a drug. A drug may also be defined as a chemical which,
when taken in some way after the body function. The
drug is also known as a medicine. Generally, the term
drugs applied to any stimulating or depressing substance
that can be habituating or addictive.
Meaning of Addiction
Addiction is the habitual, psychological and physiological
dependence on a substance or practice. Which is beyond
voluntary control. A person who is habituated to a substance or
a practice, especially a harmiful one, is called an addict.

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Classification of Drugs
There are a large number of drugs on which people
become dependent. These are classified into four
major groups: sedatives and tranquilizers. opiate
narcotics, stimulants and hallucinogens.
Type of Drug Example Effects
•Sedatives and
Tranquillizers
Barbiturates,
Benzodiazepines
Depress CNS
activity
give a feeling
of Calmness.
relaxation.
drowsiness.

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•Opiate
Narcotics
Opium,
Morphine.
Codeine, Heroin
Suppress
brain activity
relaxed pain.
•Stimulants Amphetamines.
Caffeine,
Cocaine
Make a
person more
wakeful. alert
and active.
cause
excitement.
•Hallucinogens LSQ. Mescalin.
psilocybin.
Ganja, Charas.
Hashish.
Alter
thoughts,
feeling, and
perceptions.

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Combination of Drugs and Alcohol
Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have immediate 'kid' or
'charge.. Simultaneous use of drug and alcohol may produce
dangerous effects, including death. When barbiturates and
alcohol are taken together, each doubles the effect of the other.
A mixture of cocaine and heroin called speedball gives a
spontaneous kick of cocaine and prolonged pleasure of
heroin.
Combination Effects
1) Alcohol +
Barbiturates
Markedly
increased the
depressant
effect.
2). Alcohol +
Antihistamines
Marked
drowsiness
3) Alcohol +
Vallum
Dramatically
increases
sedative
effect.

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How does Drug Addiction
begin?
•There are many factors that lead people to drug addiction.
1 Curiosity: Frequent references to drugs by public media create
curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs.
2. Friend's pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by
friends allures others to start the use of drugs.
3. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to get
relief from frustration and depression.
4. The desire for More Work: Students sometimes take drugs to keep
awake the whole night to prepare for the examination. It is not
desirable as it may cause a mental breakdown.
5. Looking for a Different World: A wrong notion that the drugs open up
a new world tempts some young octets to start taking-drugs.
6. Relief from Pain: A prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs with
physician's advice at times leads to addiction.
7. Family History: Children may take to drugs by seeing their elders in
the family.

10. 10
Social Diseases :- Smoking,Drinking, and Use of
Drugs🍾💊 🚬
Smoking and drinking and use of drugs frequently or
regularly are social diseases. They adversely affect the
health of the addicts and the society. Young people take
to these habits for fun, show off or curiosity, as an
adventure or feeling of freedom, or as a gesture of
defiance against the elders who themselves indulge in
these activities but check the youngsters. Other factors
that make people take to these vices are the inability to
face problems of life indifference shown by members of
the family and encouragement or pressure by friends. A
temporary escape from the life problems and mental
relaxation felt on taking the drugs in the beginning
increase person's interest in them. Soon they become
habitual and find in difficult to leave. As in other
countries, the menace of drug addiction is spreading in
India also. A large number of our young men and women
have taken to intoxicants. About 87.6 per cent drug
addicts are between the ages of 14 and 25 years.

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Tobacco
Sources:- It is a native of South Africa, where the Red Indian
first started smoking. Now the tobacco plant has spread the
world over. It has large, quote to lanceolate leaves and terminal
clusters of tubular, white or pink flowers.
Modes of use :- Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and
shuffing. Its main stimulating component is poisonous volatile
alkaloid nicotine. which causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis
occurs in the roots of the plant but it is stored in the leaves. The
leaves contain 2 to 8% nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from
cigars, cigarettes, biddies. pipes and hubble-bubble is called
smoking. The cigar is a roll of tobacco leaf. The cigarette is cut
tobacco wrapped in paper. Bidi is tobacco wrapped. In a piece
of leaf. Tobacco smoke is drawn directly from the pipe and
through water is hubble-bubble. Smoking may give some
temporary relief to the strained nerves but in the long run, it
proves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity of nicotine
contained in one cigar may prove fatal if injected. intravenously

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into a person. When smoked only 10% of the smoke is inhaled.
Hence, no immediate ill effect is observed. Smokers may d
evelop a physiological craving for nicotine and then they cannot
give up smoking.
1. Tobacco use among adults who smoke bidis, GATS India 2009-2010 and India 2016-2017
Effect of Nicotine:
Nicotine is a low concentration.
(i) Stimulates conduction of nerve impulses.
(ii) Relaxes the muscles.
(iii) Releases adrenaline, increasing heart beat rate and pressure.
(iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chances the risk of heart
diseases.

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(v) Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers and
(vi) Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of nicotine paralyzes
nerve cells.

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Other Harmful.components of Tobacco
Smoke:
Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco smoke contains
carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and tar.
Other Effects:
(1) Smoking effects economy: A smoker not only waste money
but also runs the risk of burns and fires.
(i) Smoking mars personality: Teeth may become stained. Lips
may get discolored and breath becomes foul. A person with a
cigarette hanging from the mouth looks odd.
(ii) Smoking is annoying to others: Cigarette smoke is quite
annoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful to
them. A smoker should avoid smoking. When in the company of
non-smokers. A smoker makes the person nearby person's
passive smokers through inhaling smoke released by him.

15. 15

16. 16
Alcohol🍾
Sources: Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colorless
liquid having a penetrating odour and burning taste. It is one
of the products of the distillation of fermented grains, fruit
juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It is the
principal constituent and the intoxicating principle of wines.
Modes of Use: Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer,
toddy, and wine and in relatively high concentration as arrack, brandy,
whiskey, rum, gin, vodka etc. addiction. Addiction to alcohol is called
alcoholism. Alcoholics are found in all society section of society.
Alcohol causes intoxication and thus, acts as a poison. They drinkers
begin with small doses, but many of them soon start consuming large
doses and become addicts. By the time they realize that drinking in
adversely affecting them, it is too late to give it up.

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Why People Take to Drinking:🍻🍺
The drinkers offer one or more of the following reasons
for starting drinking.
(1)Social pressure
(ii) Desire for excitement
(iii) Liking of taste
(iv) Feeling of independence
(v) Desire to escape from such realities of life as
disappointments and failures.
(vi) The desire to offset the hardships and monotony of
daily life

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What happens when Alcohol is consumed?
Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and upper part of
small intestine and reaches all the tissues in minutes. Its
oxidation starts at once and a large amount of heat in
produced. Since heat is not needed in the body, it is taken up
by the blood and carried to the skin for dissipation. Since the
receptors of heat are located in the skin, the rush of blood to
the skin gives a false impression of warmth in the body. The
blood supply of internal organs is greatly reduced resulting in
fall of temperature in them. The energy released by alcohol is
not used in any life process. Rather the energy derived from
food is used up in ridding the body of excess heat.
Is Alcohol A Stimulant?
Many people take alcohol for stimulation. Actually,
alcohol is a depressant. a substance which dulls the
senses. It reduces the efficiency of every tissue the body.
Any feeling of lift a person may claim to feel is a
mistaken impression or an attempt to justify the act in his
own mind.

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Conclusions
Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and
disability in the world. Recent advances in neuroscience
may help improve policies to reduce the harm that the
use of tobacco, alcohol and other psychoactive drugs
impose on society. By adopting an evidence-based public
health approach, India has the opportunity to take
genuinely effective steps to prevent and treat substance-
related issues. Such an approach can prevent substance
initiation or escalation from use to a disorder, and thus
reduce the number of people suffering with addiction; it
can shorten the duration of illness for sufferers; and it can
reduce the number of substance-related deaths. A public
health approach will also reduce collateral damage
created by substance misuse, such as infectious disease
transmission and motor vehicle crashes. Thus, promoting
much wider adoption of appropriate evidence-based
prevention, treatment, and recovery strategies needs to
be a top public health priority

20. 20
Bibliography
See H. Abadinsky. Drug Abuse (1989): H. T. Milhorn, Jr.,
Chemical Dependence (1990): D. Baum, Smoke and
Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure
(1996): M. Massing. The Fix (1998): J. Jonnes, Hepcats,
Narcs, and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's Romance
with Illegal Drugs (1999): publications of the Drugs &
Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the Bureau of
Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the National
Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
.NCERT Reference articles from various blogs.
https://en.wikipedia.org https://www.google.co.in
https://www.scribd.com https://www.slideshare.com
Project End🙂