Class 12 Investigatory Project on Drug and Alcohol Abuse

1. LCIT PUBLIC SCHOOL
Investigatory Project Of Biology
Topic- DRUG ADDICTION
NAME - SHAHREYAR KHAN
CLASS - XII A

2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Shahreyar Khan, a student of class XII
(science) of LCIT Public School has successfully completed the
biology investigatory project on the selected topic “A case study
on ADDICTION: DRUG ABUSE” assigned by the biology
subject teacher (Aarti Mishra Ma’am) as a part of the
(practical section) class XII Annual Exam for the year
2022-23.
Dated: signature of the teacher
[ AARTI MISHRA]

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my teacher Miss. Arati Mishra, who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project of
Biology on “A case study on ADDICTION: DRUG
ABUSE”, Who also helped me in completing my
project. I came to know about so many new things I
am really thankful to them.

4. INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS ADDICTION
3. TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
4. CAUSES OF ADDICTION
5. EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
6. DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION
7. THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS
8. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
9. SCENARIO OF ADDICTION
10. CONCLUSION

5. INTRODUCTION
Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the world. More
than millions of the individual are struggling against
addiction. It takes away the happiness of the people by
avoiding them to get what they want and many of the people
were also not able to take correct decision. According to the
recent studies it has been found that adolescent are more
vulnerable to addiction. Addiction is that type of diseases
whose rehabilitation is very difficult. As we know prevention
is better than cure so we can prevent our self from getting
addicted by not living under peer pressure.

6. WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?
Addiction is the habitual, physiological, psychological dependence on
a substance or practice which is beyond voluntary control. A
person who is habituated to a substance or a practice, especially a
harmful one, is called an addict. Addiction is a chronic, progressive
and sometimes fatal disorder with both genetic and environmental
roots. It manifests as a compulsion that derives an individual to
continue to behave in a way that is harmful to self and loved ones,
despite an intense desire to halt that behaviour. It is a disease of
“more”- an active addict needs an increasing amount of substance
to get high and is unable to cease usage without painful withdrawal
symptoms.
This is true whether the
addictive substance is a
drug or tobacco or alcohol
or a behaviour. Medically,
addiction is of three types :
Tobacco Addiction, Alcohol
Addiction, Drug Addiction

7. TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
1.Heroin
2.Hallucinogens
3.Cocaine
4.Cannabinoid
5.Crack
6.Alcohol

8. ❖ Heroin
● As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures, psychosis, and
hallucinations when it is abused.
● Heroin injections can also spread diseases such as human
immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis.
● This drug is known to cause serious health issues when it is abused
because it interferes with the brain’s receptors.
● Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to morphine and binds
rapidly to opioid receptors
● With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied by a warm flushing of the
skin, dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the extremities
● Opioids can depress breathing by changing neurochemical activity in the
brain stem, where automatic body functions such as breathing and heart
rate are controlled

9. ❖ cocaine
● Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken in small
amounts. It induces euphoria, increases blood pressure, and accelerates
the heart rate.
● The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart attacks for some users.
● Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant most frequently used
as a recreational drug.
● Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant most frequently used
as a recreational drug.
● Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing
and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.
● It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into
a vein.

10. ❖ Alcohols
● Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical, and social problems, and it
can lead to the destruction of relationships, friendships, and marriages.
● Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or death to the people around
them while they are under the influence.
● Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of delirium tremens, which is a
symptom with the potential to trigger heart failure or stroke. Refraining from
drinking also is not easy when it becomes a habit because of mental and
physical issues.
● The liver is an organ which helps break down and remove harmful substances
from your body, including alcohol. Long-term alcohol use interferes with this
process. It also increases your risk for chronic liver inflammation and liver
disease.

11. CAUSES OF ADDICTION
Drug use is often voluntary in the first instance. The development of a full addiction occurs through a variety of circumstances.
However, the brain changes during a substance-related disorder in ways that can take a long time to bring back to a healthy state.
A person whose brain's reward circuitry has not altered as a result of addiction experiences positive feelings in relation to generally
rewarding behaviors, such as exercising, being with family, or consuming delicious food. These should all make a person feel good
Some of the causes of addiction are :-
1. Peer pressure
2. Stress and depression
3. Lack of education
4. Religious rituals

12. EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
• Fatigue - the patient is tired most of the time.
• Memory loss - especially the patient's short-term memory.
• Eye muscles - the eye muscles can become significantly weaker.
• Liver diseases - the patient has a considerably higher chance of developing hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of
the liver is an irreversible and progressive condition
• Heart problems - regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and
stroke.
• Menstruation - alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it.
• Cancer - alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several cancers, including cancer of the mouth,
oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx.
• Suicide - suicide rates among people who are alcoholdependent or who abuse alcohol are much higher than among
other people.

13. EFFECTS ON LUNGS
Drug use can lead to a variety of respiratory problems. Smoking cigarettes, for example, has been shown
to cause bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Marijuana smoke can also cause respiratory problems,
including chronic bronchitis. Smoking crack cocaine can also cause lung damage and severe respiratory
problems. The use of some drugs, such as opioids, may cause breathing to slow, block air from entering
the lungs, or make asthma symptoms worse

14. PREVENTION & CONTROL
“Prevention is better than cure” is also true here. Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse are more during
young age and adolescence. The remedial measure should be taken in time. The following
measures would be particularly useful for prevention and control of alcohol and addiction during
adolescents.
1.Avoid undue Peer pressure.
2.Education and counselling.
3.Seeking help from parents and peers.
4.Looking for Danger Signs.
5.Seeking Professional and Medical helps.

15. CASE STUDIES OF 2 PATIENTS
Case no: 1 Patient name: Sofia Akhtar
Age: 65 Type: T2DM
Gender: Female Date of admission: 22/12/15
Comments: After I am started having T2DM, my life has totally changed. I am the first person to have diabetes in my family. At the onset
of this disease I felt very much weakness and hunger.
Case no: 2 Patient name: Mrs. Neha Das
Age: 40 Type: T1DM
Gender: Female Date of admission: 22/12/15
Comments: I am middle aged house wife and I have lots of difficulties to tackle this disease due to weakness. I cannot meet the common need
of my family, and some time I become unconsciousness and my family gets worried. Recently my husband spends lots of money for this disease
but I didn’t get any such good result.

16. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
Do-it-yourself - experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem
manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help.
There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may help the
self-helper.
Counselling - a qualified counsellor can help the alcoholic talk through his/her
problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive
behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency.
Detoxification - the patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal
symptoms (delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give
up drinking.

17. SCENARIO OF DRUG ADDICTION

18. CONCLUSION
● Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the world.
● Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve policies to reduce the harm that
the use of tobacco , alcohol, and other psychoactive drugs act on society.
● This report is concerned with the implications of drug use for workplace safety and
productivity. It examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S.
work force, the impact of such use on job-related behavior, and the effectiveness of
workplace drug intervention programs.
● This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than social consequences affects
the purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria used in this report, just as it often
affects researchers investigating these issues.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Special thanks to the following source: -
• Internet (Wikipedia)
• NCERT biology class XII
• Some diabetic patients
• Online library