Infectious Bovine Rhino Tracheitis many clinical forms are present

1. INFECTIOUS BOVINE
RHINOTRACHEITIS
ABHIJITH SP
CVAS POOKODE

2. Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis
 Highly contagious infectious viral disease of cattle and buffaloes that affects many
systems.
 It affects younger and old cattle.
 In addition to causing respiratory disease, this virus can cause conjunctivitis,
abortions, encephalitis, and generalized systemic infections.

3. Synonyms
• 1.Rednose
• 2.Infectious Pustular Vulvo Vaginitis
• 3.Infectious Balanoposthitis
• 4.Infectious Kerato Conjunctivitis
• 5. Coital vesicular exanthema,
• 6.Vesicular venereal disease
• 7.Vesicular vaginitis

4. INTRODUCTION
• First reported in Colorado, USA
• Also reported in India
• BR is an acute, contagious respiratory disease of cattle caused by bovine
herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), commonly affecting the respiratory tract and the
reproductive system.
• It is highly contagious, resulting in rapid spread of respiratory disease
among cattle in close confinement, particularly in feedlots and when groups
of cattle are transported

5. Aetiology
• Agent—Herpesviridae –Bovine Herpes Virus -1.
• It has got different strains:
• 1.BHV 1.1-Respiratory
• 2.BHV 1.2-Genital
• 3.BHV 1.3-Encephalitic

6. SUSCPETIBLE HOST
• Cattle of all ages are affected.
• Besides, cattle, the disease have been traced in goat, swine and water buffalo.
• The disease has also been identified in wild ruminants. Wild animals remain
as reservoir of infection.

7. TRANSMISSION
• Nasal exudate and Genital secretions
• Semen, foetal fluids and tissues
• Aerosol route
• Venereal transmission in genital diseases.
• IBRT virus survives up to one year in frozen semen.
• Tears, nasal discharge, coughed secretions, and all secretions and excretions of
incubating and sick animals. Bulls may transmit the infection-especially when the
bull is in carrier stage.

8. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
• Anti body deficient cularsi fed calves.
• Treatment with drugs that contribute to immuno-deficiency.
• Transportation stress
• Stress during parturition.
• Parasitic infestations. Eg. Dictyocaulus cularsi
• Nutritional defiency. Eg. Selenium, Zinc
• The disease is widely prevalent in all parts of the cattle in the world .In India, the disease has
been recorded from Uttar Pradesh , Kerala,, Gujrat Tamilnadu;, Orissa, AndhraPradesh and
Karnataka

9. INCUBATION PERIOD
• 5-7 days normally.

10. PATHOGENESIS
• Virus enters through the respiratory tract , multiplies in nasal cavities and upper respiratory tract resulting in
rhinitis, laryngitis and tracheitis.
• Deciliation has an adverse effect on the respiratory defence mechanism.
• From the nasal cavities the infection spreads to the ocular tissues through lachrymal ducts and causes
conjunctivitis.
• Virus also spreads through the trigeminal nerve to the brain resulting in non suppurative encephalitis.
• Localisation of the virus in various tissues results in systemic lesions.
• The virus is transported through the peripheral leucocytes to the placenta and foetus causing abortion.
• Foetus is highly susceptible to IBR virus.

11. CLINICAL SIGNS
• Young cattle are more susceptible
• Morbidity 100%, mortality–10% Fever, anorexia, mucus nasal discharge.
• Respiratory distress Mouth breathing Dyspnoea, coughing Conjunctivitis.
• Ulcers in vagina and vulva, orchitis, abortion.
• Severe Rhinits and Running nose
• Tracheitis and Bellowing problems due to laryngeal infection.

12. 1.Respiratory Form:
• Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Tracheitis
• Red nose in calves, fever, nasal discharge which serous ,mucous and then turn to
mucopurulent.
• Death due to asphyxia.
• Aspiration pneumonia, Dilated nostrils.
• Mouth breathing ,Lacrimation.
• Secondary bacterial infection by Pasteurella and Mannheimia.
• Latency due to settlement of virus in Trigeminal nerve.

16. Severe haemorrhagic tracheitis

17. 2.Neonatal/Encephalitic Form
• No respiratory involvement
• Brain-Non-suppurative encephalitis
• Lymphomonocytic Leptomeningitis
• Ataxia Convulsion and Frothy mouth.
• Acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in brain cells.

18. 3.Genital Form
• Called as Infectious Pustular Vulvo-Vaginitis, Infectious Balanoposthitis, ,
Coital vesicular exanthema, Vesicular venereal disease, Vesicular vaginitis.
• Latency due to settlement of virus in Sciatic nerve.
• Petechia and erosion in vulva and vagina.
• Erosive ulcers in prepuce and penis.
• Spread through AI and by copulation.

19. Reddening of vulval mucosa with dark red
punctate foci; vesicles, pustules which soon
form a membrane and peeling of the
membrane develop ulceration & necrosis
Intranuclear inclusion bodies inside epithelium of vagina

20. 4.Abortion Form
• Abortion can happen at any stage but mostly during 3rd trimester.
• Advanced Post-Mortem Autolysis of foetus.
• After death ,24-36hrs foetal expulsion occurs.
• Intranuclear inclusion bodies in foetal epithelial membrane.

23. DIAGNOSIS
• 1.Tentative:Clinical signs, History, etc.
• 2.Swabs from nasal mucosa, pharynx, tonsils etc.
• 3.VNT, ELISA ,PCR
• 4.FAT

24. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Quarantine the suspected.
• Treatment of diseased.
• Check the titre value of antibody.
• Proper Hygiene

26. FACTS
• 1.At a time, only one form is exhibited because of different strains
producing different infection.
• 2.Latency due to settlement of virus in Sciatic and Trigeminal nerve.
• 3.Aspiration and Bronchopneumonia occurs due exudate aspiration and
secondary bacterial infection respectively.

27. THANK YOU.