3. Talk Plan
Introduction
Origin and spread
Etiology
Physical and Chemical
Action
Economic importance
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesion
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and
control
4. Introduction
• Included as List-A disease by OIE
• PPR ( Peste des Petits Ruminants) is also
known as Ovine Rinderpest or Goat Plague
• Acute , highly contagious transboundary
viral disease of goat and sheep
• Characterized by fever, sores in mouth,
oculo-nasal discharge, diarrhea,
pneumonia and ultimately death
5. Origin and Spread
• The first description of the disease was published in 1940
through an outbreak in Ivory Coast
• Pakistan and India: Early 1990s
• In Bangladesh, outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
identified by British reference laboratory in goats since 1993.
7. Etiology
• Caused by a Morbillivirus (ssRNA) in
the family of Paramyxoviridae
• Genetically characterized into 4
groups
• 6 Structural proteins: N, P, L, M, F, H
• Incubation period: 3-6 days
8. Physical and Chemical
Action
Destroyed at 60˚C/60 min.
Inactivation: pH < 4.0 or >
10.0
Susceptible to alcohol,
sodium hydroxide, ether,
phenol & detergents etc
Long survival time in chilled
and frozen tissue
PPRV
9. Economic Importance
Highly
Fatal in
young
Morbidity:
Up to 100%
Mortality:
Varying
Goat: 55-85 %
Sheep: 45-75%
Prevalence
is higher in
mixed
population
About 22
million at risk
population in
BD
Limits
Trade &
Export
Threatens
Food
security
Production
loss & culling
10. Transmission
The virus is secreted in tears, nasal or ocular discharge, coughing
and in the feces of infected individual
Susceptible animals inhale droplets and likely to be infected
There is no known carrier state
Virus may also present in semen and embryo
Offspring can also be infected through mother by milk sucking
11. PPR virus penetrate the
retropharyngeal mucosa
Viremia
Specifically damage the
Alimentary system Respiratory System Lymphoid
System
Pathogenesis
Entry
Diarrhea Pneumonia
Immuno
suppression
12. Symptoms
High body temperature ( Up to 41˚C)
Diarrhea, depression , anorexia
Ulcer in the gum (lower),dental pad,
hard palate, cheek and tongue
Serous/ foamy/ hemorrhagic discharge
from nose
Pneumonia
14. Post Mortem Lesion
Dehydrated carcass with fecal soiling
Congestion of the ileo-cecal valve
Blackening of the
folds of large
intestine ( Zebra
stripping)
Enlarged spleen
Edematous
lymphnode
Broncho
pneumonia
15. Diagnosis
Based on history
- Any recent outbreak in the case area
- Change in husbandry and trade practice
- Change in weather. i.e. Rainy season
- Movement history
Based on clinical signs
Post Mortem changes
Blood examination
Isolation and culture of virus
Serological tests:
- PCR - AGID
- ELISA - cDNA probe
17. Line of Treatment
Non specific symptomatic treatment
Antibiotic therapy to prevent secondary infection
Anti-diarrheal drug
Anti-inflammatory drug
Fluid therapy
18. A PPR Case Study at
CVASU
Species: Goat
(Jamunapari)
Age: 11 month
Weight: 13 kg
Client’s Complaint:
Diarrhea and
Increased temp.
Clinical History: Off
fed, Stomatitis and
Nasal discharge
Treatment Given:
1) Inj. Diadin – 30 ml vial × 1
Sig: Inject 8 ml IV on 1st day followed
by 4 ml IV for next 4 days.
2) Inj. Histavet – 10 ml vial × 1
Sig: Inject 1 ml IM daily for 4 days.
3) Pow. DD-4 – 100gm pack × 1
Sig: Adm. 25gm PO, bid for 3 days.
4) Inj. Cholera Saline – 500 ml bag × 1
Sig: Inject 250 ml IV daily for 2 days.
19. Prevention and control
In March 2015, the FAO and OIE officially announced the global
PPR control strategy. Training and information sharing are crucial
elements for the success of this strategy.
Strict isolation and quarantine facility
Movement control
Compulsory slaughter of affected animals
Sanitation and hygiene
Vaccination
- Ring vaccination
- Vaccination of high risk population
20. PPR Vaccine
Tissue culture Rinderpest vaccine TC ID50 at 12 month of age
Genetically engineered recombinant vaccine (under trial by
OIE)
French attenuated PPR vaccine ( Immunity for 3 years)
Live attenuated PPR vaccine by LRI 45 lakh doses per year
(Adopted in VERO cell culture) but poor thermal stability so cold
chain is to be maintained to preserve the potency
Protocol:
1ml S/C at 4 months of age
Booster at 6 amonth of age
Followed by yearly vaccination
Editor's Notes
Pest of small ruminants/pseudo-rinderpest of small ruminants